scholarly journals Development Trends and Dominant Characteristics of Human Capital in the Digital Transformation of the Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Lyshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Universities ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Conver Gence

In the paper, the author attempts to determine spe-cific to the Russian economy development trends and characteristics of human capital. It is done in the context of digitalization of the economy in com-parison with global trends, such as intellectualiza-tion and creativization, virtualization and network-ing, integrativity and variability of education, coher-ence of competencies, a combination of conver-gence and divergence of technogenesis and anthro-pogenesis, based on content analysis of scientific literature and empirical sources. It is shown that the trends in the evolution of human capital in the Rus-sian economy in the context of digital transfor-mation generally correspond to current global trends. As features of the current stage of human capital development in the Russian economy, the weak involvement of the population in the process-es of continuing education, the low level of social capital development in vast rural areas of the coun-try, aggravated by digital inequality, and the short-age of regional universities that can play a key role in the formation of regional intellectual capital are identified. Overcoming these negative characteris-tics requires the development and implementation of new, global trends-oriented, effective forms and mechanisms for the reproduction of human capital.

INCOME AS A SOURCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
O. N. KUSAKINA ◽  
◽  
S. V. SOKOLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Average Structure ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
Capital Development

The article is devoted to research of dynamics of disposable resources of rural and urban households; components of disposable resources of households depending on the place of residence (per household member on average); structure of consumer expenditures of rural households based on official statistics for 2018–2020. The presented findings may serve as a basis for justifying the trends in social and economic conditions necessary for the growth of human capital in rural areas.

MONITORING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384-2369
Author(s):  
V.G. Zakshevskiy ◽  
◽  
Z.V. Gavrilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Integral System ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Capital Development

The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.

scholarly journals Econometric models for estimating current and forecast values of the level of human capital development in the Russian economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Nina Baranova ◽  
Sergey Larin ◽  
Evgeny Khrustalyov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Studies of factors of sustainable economic development in modern conditions are highly relevant for Russia due to the constant increase and tightening of sanctions restrictions. They have a negative impact on the introduction of innovative developments and economic growth, and reduce the competitiveness of Russian enterprises and their products on world markets. Human capital can become one of the key factors for countering sanctions restrictions, improving the efficiency of economic development and gaining additional competitive advantages for domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole. Assessing the impact of human capital on the sustainable development of the economy is difficult, since it is one of the specific forms of capital. When making appropriate measurements, economic scientists rely on a number of developed theoretical methods and practical tools that support them, which allow us to obtain fairly accurate values of the human capital development index (HDI) based on statistical data. First of all, this is the current UN methodology for calculating the HDI indicator, as well as modern software systems OriginPro-8.6 and Eviews-10.0, which have sufficiently advanced functionality for performing calculations. Russia today has all the necessary prerequisites and opportunities for progressive social and economic development. However, the formation of econometric models will help to timely determine the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development for individual enterprises, industries, and the country’s economy as a whole. This paper shows the practical application of the econometric tools of all the above approaches to obtain the calculated values of the HDI indicator for different time periods and different scenarios for the development of the Russian economy. The results obtained confirmed the high practical significance of the tools used and the acceptable accuracy of the calculations. However, the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development alone will not be able to ensure the effective development of the Russian economy. On the contrary, the effective use of human capital in the implementation of import substitution strategies and national projects will allow our country to become one of the world’s leading economic development countries.

scholarly journals Legislative Support for Life and Human Capital Development in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Voronin ◽  
Yana Voronina ◽  
Dmitry Bagretsov ◽  
Nikolay Simonovich ◽  
Irina Chupina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
Capital Development

scholarly journals Human Capital and Urbanization in the People’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-513
Author(s):  
Chunbing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capital Development

This chapter explores the relationship between human capital development and urbanization in the People’s Republic of China, highlighting the Hukou system and decentralized fiscal system. Educated workers disproportionately reside in urban areas and in large cities, and the returns to education are higher in urban areas relative to those in rural areas, and in large, educated cities relative to small, less educated cities. In addition, the external returns to education in urban areas are at least comparable to the magnitude of private returns. Rural areas are the major reservoir for urban population growth, and the more educated have a higher chance of moving to cities and obtaining urban Hukou. As for health, rural–urban migration is selective in that healthy rural residents choose to migrate. However, occupational choices and living conditions are detrimental to migrants’ health. While migration has a positive effect on migrant children, its effect on ‘left-behind’ children is unclear.

scholarly journals Education Is an Important Factor of Human Capital Development in Rural Territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 08006
Author(s):  
Svetlana Golovina ◽  
Lidia Smirnova ◽  
Aleksey Ruchkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The One ◽  
Capital Development

The article presents conceptual ideas concerning the state of the lifelong learning system of direct relevance to domestic (Russian) rural areas. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and summarizing the various points of view of scientists and practitioners on this issue, first, it reveals some reasons for the current disproportions in the labor market (unemployment on the one hand, and the lack of specialists on the other hand) and not quite effective operation of institutional structures of all types of education (general, vocational, additional), second, it specifies the main directions of educational reforms, the implementation of which will provide rural areas with highly qualified specialists. The conclusion is made that the current conditions, the structure of the education system, supplying qualified personnel for the domestic rural space, do not adequately provide the rural economy with the human capital of the quality demanded.

scholarly journals POPULATION DENSITY IN RURAL AREAS AS A DRIVER OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan POLCYN ◽  
Bazyli CZYŻEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Education System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Capital Development

Rural areas are typically characterised by uneven access to education and the resulting varying levels of pupils’ educational attainment. The inefficiency of the education system may lead to a decreased level of human capital development in the society. It is therefore vital to identify the factors responsible for the inefficiency of the education system and take steps to mitigate their negative impact. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the population density in rural areas, the pupils’ average level of examination performance and the educational value added. The analyses were based on the exam results achieved by lower secondary school-leavers in 1,372 rural communes between 2012 and 2014. The original intention was to include all rural communes in the analysis. However, due to the incompleteness of the data concerning some of the communes, they were eventually excluded from the study. The final sample for analysis consisted of about 58% of all rural communes in Poland. The communes were divided into classes, based on the criterion of population density. The objects under study were arranged in an ascending order according to the value of the population density variable, and then divided into four classes (class A contained 25% of communes with the highest population density). The classes thus defined were used as a qualitative predictor in the subsequently performed ANOVA test. As a next step, contrasts were determined by applying a simple contrast to the analysed classes of communes. The analyses revealed that the highest examination results were achieved in the communes with the highest population density, while the lowest examination results were found in the communes with the lowest population density. This dependence may be indicative of educational negligence at lower levels of education, in this particular case - at the stage of primary school. The results of the analyses point to the need for expanding the network of nursery schools. To address the above problem, financial support should be provided from the state budget to social initiatives aimed at increasing the access to nursery schools, e.g. by creating an appropriate system of subsidies for nursery schools run by both local governments and private entities.

scholarly journals Regional gap in human capital: determinants of education and urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Aida Guliyeva ◽  
Liliya Averina ◽  
Oleg Grebennikov ◽  
Alexander Shpakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regional Gap ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Capital Development

This paper studies the regional gap in human capital. Specifically, it focuses on the important determinants of this capital represented by such key factors as education and urbanization. We stress the importance of human capital for the economic growth and show how it can be important for the effective development of both urban and rural areas. This study examines the regional distribution and dynamics of human capital. Human capital is credited with a crucial role in the creation of economic growth. Additionally, we investigate how the exposure to the urban or rural environment affects the educational success of people worldwide. In addition, our paper studies the effects of migration on urbanization and education. Our results show that institutional factors can be a good proxy for explaining the relationship between human capital development and urbanization. Furthermore, it can be concluded that return to education is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas, and higher in highly educated cities compared to smaller towns. All of these creates some important implications for urbanization and education that can be used by the policy-makers and urban and rural planners for narrowing the regional gap in human capital and increasing the overall well-being and economic growth.

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