CRP and IL-6 levels of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in stroke survivors: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Normaliza Ab. Malik ◽  
Sa’ari Mohamad Yatim ◽  
Lijian Jin ◽  
Colman McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among stroke survivors in relation to the oral hygiene status and stroke characteristics. Methods: A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalised stroke survivors. Socio-demographic data were collected. Oral clinical assessment (dental plaque scores) and functional dependency levels scores were carried out. Gingival Crevicular Fluids were collected, using absorbent papers and analysed using ELISA kit. Descriptive statistic and correlation analyses were performed using proportion and Spearmen correlation coefficient test. Results: A total of 53 patients were recruited from five public hospitals. There was a significant correlation between CRP and IL-6 levels of GCF (P=0.021, r=0.21). A significant correlation was also observed between CRP levels in GCF with dental plaque scores and functional dependency levels. There was no statistically significant correlation found between IL-6 levels in GCF with dental plaque scores and functional dependency levels. Dental plaque scores were associated with high levels of CRP in GCF (P=0.014), and swallowing problem was associated with high levels of IL-6 in GCF (P=0.002). Conclusions: IL-6 levels in GCF were correlated with the levels of CRP in GCF. High CRP and IL-6 levels in GCF were significantly associated with dental plaque scores and swallowing condition (presence of dysphagia), respectively. Thus, this pilot study suggests that CRP level in the oral cavity respond to the oral health conditions and may not be a predictor factor of stroke outcomes. Further studies are warranted to compare the level of inflammatory biomarkers from the oral cavity and serum in relation to the stroke conditions and outcomes.

Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián Giraldo ◽  
Ana María Heredia-P ◽  
Juliette De Avila ◽  
Lorena Chila-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background: The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early RA (eRA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites (Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1 levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied. Results: The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was 4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone loss in interproximal sites. Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14–5.09, p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1 were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03–5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and rheumatoid factor (p=0.018). The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis (p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28–7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033). Conclusion: In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.

scholarly journals The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9741
Author(s):  
Paula Fernández-Riveiro ◽  
Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez ◽  
María Piñeiro-Lamas ◽  
Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.

scholarly journals Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers in the Non-Stimulated and Stimulated Saliva, as well as Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Toczewska ◽  
Tomasz Konopka ◽  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gingival Fluid

Diagnosis of periodontopathy is complex and includes defining the cause, type, stage, and grade of periodontitis. Therefore, alternative diagnostic methods are sought to indicate the progression of inflammation or to determine the effectiveness of therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers can be particularly useful because they most likely reflect the disease process of the periodontal tissues. However, the difficulty of collecting GCF for testing is the reason for the limited use in diagnostics. Because periodontitis is the primary source of nitrogen free radicals in the oral cavity, the aim of the study was to evaluate the biomarkers of nitrosative stress (nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols) in GCF, non-stimulated and stimulated saliva of 90 patients with periodontitis. The study group was divided into two subgroups, depending on the stage of the disease severity. We showed a significantly higher concentration of all assessed biomarkers in the non-stimulated and stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. However, significant changes in GCF has been shown only for peroxynitrite. The studied biomarkers did not correlate with clinical periodontal status, which probably results from their short-duration activity and the impact on a few factors in the oral cavity. Saliva and gingival fluid are not very useful in the differential diagnosis of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Salivary Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 Could Be an Indicator of Disease Severity in Patients with Calculus Associated Chronic Periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniah Batool ◽  
Ahmed Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Faheem Shahzad ◽  
Romeeza Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background/Purpose. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums that causes loss of supporting structures of teeth, that is, gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Levels of various cytokines in the serum, gingival tissues, and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis have been studied, but limited data are available on the level of cytokines in saliva. Therefore, a study was designed to determine levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. It was a comparative, cross-sectional study that is comprised of 41 healthy controls and 41 calculus associated chronic periodontitis patients (CP patients). According to the degree of attachment loss, CP patients were subcategorized as mild (CAL 1-2 mm), moderate (CAL 3-4 mm), and severe (CAL > 5 mm) forms of periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results. Between healthy controls and CP patients (moderate and severe disease), a statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17. In CP patients, the highest mean ± SD of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 was observed in severe CP, followed by moderate and mild CP. Regarding level of IL-6, a statistically significant difference was observed between mild and severe disease and between moderate and severe subcategories of CP patients. Similarly, statistically significant difference was observed in the level of IL-17 between mild and moderate, mild and severe disease, and moderate and severe disease. Conclusion. The levels of salivary IL-6 and IL-17 were increased significantly in calculus associated CP patients as compared to healthy controls and these levels increased with the progression of CP. Clinical Significance. Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may help in the subcategorization of CP.

scholarly journals S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid for screening periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Duck Kim ◽  
Sandeep Karna ◽  
YooJin Shin ◽  
Huong Vu ◽  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background: Periodontitis is one of major oral diseases, which has no consensus on early screening tool. This study aimed to compare the association and screening ability of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for periodontitis.Methods: We recruited 149 community Koreans, 50 healthy and 99 periodontitis. Using clinical attachment loss and a panoramic radiograph, stage II-IV of new classification of periodontitis proposed at 2018 was considered as periodontitis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to quantify S100A8 and S100A9. T-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis were applied to compare the relationship of S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood, and GCF for periodontitis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for screening ability.Results: Among S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva, blood and GCF, S100A8 in saliva was significantly higher in periodontitis participants than in healthy participants (p<0.05) and showed highest screening ability of 0.73 for periodontitis. However, S100A8 and S100A9 in GCF were significantly higher in healthy participants (p<0.05). Salivary S100A8 was positively correlated to blood S100A8 (r=0.21, p <0.05).Conclusion: Salivary S100A8 could be a potential diagnostic marker for periodontitis. Thus, S100A8 salivary kit will be useful for screening periodontitis.

scholarly journals Awareness on Mechanical and Chemical Plaque Control in Children- A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610
Author(s):  
Sneha Kannan ◽  
Lakshmi T ◽  
Ganesh Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Plaque Biofilm ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Gum Disease ◽  
Hazard Factor

Periodontal infections (gum disease and periodontitis) are viewed as incendiary maladies of microbiological starting points. Their most significant hazard factor is the amassing of a plaque biofilm at and beneath the gingival edge, which is then connected with an improper and ruinous host fiery insusceptible reaction Plaque control is the day by day expulsion of dental plaque, oral biofilm and furthermore counteraction of their collection on the teeth and different pieces of the oral pit. Mechanical plaque control is a viable strategy to dispose of gathering in the oral cavity. With opportunity a few changes came in toothbrushes to make mechanical plaque control progressively viable in everyday oral cleanliness practice. Cross sectional poll study was led. A sum of 104 individuals were made to respond to all the inquiries. The outcome will be examined utilizing factual investigation. In the examination, it was discovered that 72% of the population brush their teeth two times per day. 32% of the respondents feel stores in their teeth much in the wake of brushing. 72% of the individuals accept that brushing can forestall dental plaque. The point of the examination is to make mindfulness on the control of mechanical and substance dental plaque. The control of dental plaque is fundamental for developing kids with expansion of fluoride to mechanical plaque control before it solidifies to become dental tartar.

scholarly journals Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity as growth marker: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Siddharth Sonwane ◽  
Wasundhara Bhad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: This review synthesizes the available evidence about the individual skeletal maturity with biological maturity indicators and compares it with the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in growing children. Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the question: Is GCF ALP a reliable biomarker to assess skeletal maturity during growth? Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to collect, compile, and review the existing evidence on the levels of GCF ALP activity in growing children and comparing its reliability with contemporary growth indicators. Materials and Methods: A literature appraisal executed using Entres PubMed, www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov, Scupose, Hinary, Ebsco, Embass, Cochrane; Google Scholar Electronic database search engines were used. The MeSH term used “growth markers in gingival crevicular fluid” or “growth markers in growing children.” Studies published till October, 2020, were included in this study. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment: The data have extracted from the selected articles based on year of publication, study design, age of subjects, instruments used, and author’s conclusions. The quality assessment was executed using BIOCROSS Scale. This scale is exclusive for cross-sectional studies with biomarkers. Results: Literature search identified 731 records from electronic databases and from the partial grey literature (Google scholar) search. Finally, six articles fulfilled eligibility criteria included in the review. Conclusions: All the six studies concluded that GCF ALP activity is a reliable method in determining a skeletal maturity indicator in growing children.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SALIVARY ENZYMES IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 088-091
Author(s):  
Santhosh Shenoy B. ◽  
Prajnya Shenoy ◽  
Avaneendra Talwar ◽  
Biju Thomas ◽  
K.S. Sharath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Aim: To compare the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in post-menopausal women with and without periodontitis Methodology: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. A total of 50 postmenopausal women were recruited and categorized into two groups based on their periodontal status. Their salivary samples were collected and subjected to Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) estimation in the laboratory Results: The activity of LDH and ALP were significantly higher in the post-menopausal women with periodontitis than those without periodontitis. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated post-menopausal women may have exaggerated inflammatory response to dental plaque.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the job satisfaction of nurses working in obstetric units in public hospitals in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Keziah Wakonyo Kahiga
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Service To Others ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The literature demonstrates that little research has been conducted to explore job satisfaction among nurses working in obstetric units in Kenya. The perception of job satisfaction by nurses is influenced by the environment in which they work.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to carry out the study. The study tools included the work quality index (WQI) and the demographic data questionnaires. Convenience sampling method was. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The items in the WQI were organized into six subscales and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to obtain the reliability coefficient of each subscale. An independent t-test was used to compare the subscales scores for the male and female participants. ANOVA was conducted to compare the level of satisfaction with the six subscales and the participants’ characteristics. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess if there was any relationships, the magnitude and the direction of the relationship between the six subscales.Results: Nurses are most satisfied with the perception that the work associated with their position provides them with the opportunity to be of service to others and least satisfied with receiving enough time to complete indirect patient care tasks. There are no significant differences in the overall level of satisfaction between males and females though males are more satisfied with autonomy of practice and professional role enactment. The six subscales strongly and positively correlate with one another.Conclusions: Nurses working in the obstetric units are relatively dissatisfied with most of the aspects of the work environment. The more educated nurses are less satisfied than less educated nurses. Since all aspects of job satisfaction are interrelated, emphasis should be put on each of them so as to create a satisfying work environment for nurses working in obstetric units.

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