scholarly journals Testing the effectiveness of health risk messages : threat and efficacy processing

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Thinavan Periyayya ◽  
Vincent Eng Kim Wee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Print Advertisement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This is a micro study of an on-going macro study of the different categories of fear appeals used in the on-going national anti-smoking campaign. A quasi-experimental design was used to study the respondents’ responses to the anti-smoking print advertisement campaign. Two types of advertisements were selected, one which depicted a social threat and the other a damaging health threat. Each type of advertisement was evaluated by two separate groups of participants. The evaluation was based on the extended parallel process model’s (EPPM) risk diagnosis scale. The social threat advertisement had a low fear and efficacy message while the health threat advertisement had a high fear and efficacy message. Findings showed that the social threat (low fear/efficacy) was able to make the respondents of the study take a preventive behavioural or danger control position to avoid the negative consequences. In comparison the damaging health threat (high fear/ efficacy) was found to move the participants to a fear control position or maladaptive behavioural position. The study supported the main predictions of the EPPM, and showed that the efficacy construct determined how the fear appeal was processed (danger control or fear control).

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Romantic Relationships

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046
Author(s):  
Octav-Sorin Candel ◽  
Mihaela Jitaru
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Safety

Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted most people’s activities and relationships. Romantic relationships are a crucial source of fulfillment and emotional safety for many individuals. However, due to the risk of illness and the social distancing norms, human interaction, even inside one’s couple or family, suffered great changes. Some of these changes have the potential of disrupting people’s relational or psychological well-being, but they can also have positive impacts. On the other hand, one of the most negative consequences is the growing number of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents. Considering all these aspects, therapy would be beneficial for those affected.

RACIAL RECIPIENTS, SOCIAL DISTANCE, AND SHARING BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Zinser ◽  
Roger C. Bailey ◽  
Ralph M. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
White Child ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Black Child ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Social Distance Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Thirty-six preschoolers and 41 second graders were asked: (a) to rank, in order of preference, a white child, a black child, and an Indian child as recipients of sharing; (b) to share with the preferred recipient items of low and high value; and (c) to rank the three recipients as companions in several hypothetical, social interaction situations varying in social distance. The distributions of first choices for sharing indicated that the preschool subjects preferred the white recipient most, the Indian recipient next, and the black recipient least, while the second graders preferred the Indian recipient over the white and black recipients. The second graders who preferred the black recipient shared a larger number of items than those who preferred to share with one of the other two recipients. The distributions of first choices for the social distance items were generally consistent with those for sharing, and subjects from one school exhibited some differential sensitivity to the items of the social distance scale. The results of this investigation and those of previous research suggest that the influence of the race of the recipient on sharing behavior varies with the experimental design used.

scholarly journals Hegel's Guilty Conscience: Three Forms of Schuld in the Phenomenology of Spirit

PhaenEx ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
MATTHEW LYONS CONGDON
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral System ◽  
The Subject

In what we might call its particularly Christian manifestation, “guilt” denotes the feeling or fact of having offended, the failure to uphold an ethical code. Under such terms, “guilt” connotes negative consequences: shame, punishment, and estrangement. Yet, penetrating further into its meaning and value, one finds that guilt extends beyond this narrow classification, playing a productive, necessary, and ineluctable role for recognitive sociality. This paper examines guilt as it appears in Hegel’s thinking. I find that Hegel’s understanding of Schuld (guilt) in the Phenomenology, undergoes a crucial development over the course of the chapter titled, “Spirit,” culminating in a robust understanding of guilt that represents not a hopelessly broken bond, but a bond that awaits its fulfillment, its very incompleteness exerting a palpable pull upon the guilty party towards its fulfillment. I examine three key moments in “Spirit”: Hegel’s treatments of Antigone, the French Revolution, and the confession and forgiveness of evil. By comparing these moments, I distinguish between “abstract guilt,” guilt that only brings about shame and punishment, and what we might call “determinate guilt”: guilt that brings about action, reminds one of her/his indebtedness to the other. Understanding the development of guilt from the beginning to end of “Spirit” provides an entryway into a discussion of the social and political relevance of Hegel’s conception of the subject as—in a certain sense—always already guilty. I go on to argue that guilt as indebtedness and responsibility only exists as embedded within an already recognitive social structure. Re-thinking guilt as responsibility is not, therefore, a call to a new objective a priori moral system. Rather, it invites us to think through our recognitive being-together in a way that shakes off its metaphysical fetters. Such an ethics of recognitive intersubjectivity is an infinite task—not in the futile sense of the “unhappy consciousness”—but in the sense that we are responsible for constantly understanding, critiquing, and reforming ethical commitments that can only be (understood as) ours.

scholarly journals When Voting Becomes Protest: Mapping Determinants of Collective Action Onto Voting Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Simon Otjes ◽  
Katherine Stroebe ◽  
Tom Postmes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
The Political ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science Approach ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Do people signal protest by bringing out a protest vote when they feel they have been collectively disadvantaged? Political scientists have been interested in “protest voting” yet theoretical understanding is limited. Social psychologists have studied other forms of collective protest extensively. The present study integrates insights from the political science approach to protest voting and the social psychological approach to protest behavior to study how a context of perceived collective disadvantage influences voting for protest parties. We conducted a field study with a quasi-experimental design. This allowed us to study effects of a plausibly exogenous variable—the presence versus absence of societal disadvantage (the experience of man-made earthquakes)—on both determinants of and on subsequent protest voting. Results reveal that the presence of earthquakes affects levels of protest voting via (national) trust, regional identification, and perceptions of efficacy.

scholarly journals Giving support to disease guidelines

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
John Pilla
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Practice Implementation

The article by Weeramanthri et al (2002) provides an invaluable account of the processes, endeavours andbenefits derived from the development and use of disease guidelines for Indigenous populations. It highlights several important lessons from which others with a similar interest can benefit, including the following:? the importance of obtaining a consensus, and not just an evidence base, for guideline development? guidelines should be judged in relation to what already exists rather than in relation to a hypotheticalstandard of best practice? implementation is far more difficult than development.The term evidence, in this context, is often used to refer to proof of benefit derived from quasi-experimental design studies.However, one should not discount the use of other forms of evidence, particularly (in the absence of evidence from studies with an adequate experimental design) experiential-based evidence.I focus on two related matters in this commentary. The first concerns the extent to which the experiences ofthese two trials are similar to or contrasted by the experiences of the other Indigenous trials. The secondconcerns lessons learned from implementation and usage of disease guidelines as distinct from developmentissues which are the focus of the article by Weeramanthri and colleagues.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of behavioral activation for depression treatment in medical students: Study protocol for a quasi-experimental design

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212094623
Author(s):  
Alejandro Domínguez Rodríguez ◽  
Gustavo Iván Martinez-Maqueda ◽  
Paulina Arenas Landgrave ◽  
Sofía Cristina Martínez Luna ◽  
Flor Rocío Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

Introduction: Depression is a frequent mood disorder among medical students that can lead to multiple negative consequences at individual and social level (such as academic achievement and interpersonal conflicts) as well as patient care performance. Therefore, the need of depression decreasing treatments in medical students is important. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression in a sample of Mexican medical students. Methods: This study will be performed under a quasi-experimental design to verify the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression to reduce depressive symptoms in medical students from two public universities in northwestern Mexico. The participants will be assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. In addition to the psychometric assessment, there will be an electroencephalogram evaluation using the EMOTIV (v 1.1) device. Results: A pre-post intervention of 10 Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression sessions will be implemented. The results of the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression will be analyzed in five measures at pre-post intervention and two follow-ups of 3 and 6 months. Conclusions: This study looks for evidence regarding the efficacy and feasibility of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression in a sample of medical students from two public universities in Mexico with high levels of depression along with stress and anxiety.

Fear and Psychological Reactance

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijiang Shen ◽  
Valerie B. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Psychological reactance and related defensive processes have been long cited as an explanation for failure of fear appeal messages. The overwhelming majority of studies on fear and reactance have only examined the intensity of fear from a between-individuals perspective, in which individuals who have higher peak fear are predicted to experience stronger levels of psychological reactance. Recent development in the fear appeal research suggests an alternative perspective: Psychological reactance is activated when fear is aroused but not reduced within each individual; on the other hand, psychological reactance is mitigated or inhibited when fear is aroused and then reduced. Empirical data from a quasi-experimental study using graphic tobacco warning labels are used to test and compare the two approaches to studying the relationship between fear and psychological reactance. Implications for psychological reactance and fear appeal are discussed.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL PREVENTION OF CRIME POLICY IN ACAPULCO THROUGH A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Spring) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Triana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Social Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Citizen Security ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Prevention Of Crime

This paper analyzes the results of the prevention policy implemented in the municipality of Acapulco, Guerrero, specifically those actions financed through the federal fund known as the National Crime Prevention Program (PRONAPRED), executed between 2013 and 2018 in five geographical areas of the municipality with a high incidence of violence and crime. The aim of the program was to improve citizen security by reducing crime risk factors from the social, community, situational and psychosocial domain. This research uses a quasi-experimental design, defining two control geographical areas with socioeconomic and criminal environment equivalent to the intervened areas, which serve as a counterfactual to contrast indicators of citizen security and risk factors, with data from a survey applied to a representative sample (n=1,505). The results reveal that the incidence of crime and fear of crime in the intervened areas is lower than in the control areas, although the perceived insecurity is similar; besides, there is no evidence of a statistically significant improvement in the prevalence of most risk factors. This study concludes that the actions implemented in Acapulco with federal funds from PRONAPRED failed to influence crime risk factors and, therefore, any observable improvement in citizen security of the intervened areas cannot be attributed to that program.

scholarly journals The Messenger Matters: Invalidating Remarks From Men Provoke a More Negative Emotional Reaction Than Do Remarks From Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Weber ◽  
Nathaniel R. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Negative Emotional Reaction ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Female Confederate

Despite negative consequences of emotional invalidation, research has not examined the effect of gender on responses to validation or invalidation or how an invalidating comment from a male versus a female confederate may influence affective responses. We used a two-study quasi-experimental design to examine variables that influence the emotions of individuals validated or invalidated for their emotions. Male and female undergraduates received either validating or invalidating remarks from a gender-ambiguous confederate (Study 1) or invalidating remarks from either a male or female confederate (Study 2). Results showed that invalidation from a gender-ambiguous confederate produced more negative emotional reactions than validation regardless of participants’ gender. Furthermore, being invalidated by a man rather than by a woman provoked a specifically more negative emotional response. Interpersonal interventions should explore ways to reduce invalidation and particularly strive to mitigate the effects of invalidation from men, whose criticisms may provoke heightened negative responses from others.

scholarly journals A federalist’s dilemma: Trade-offs between social legitimacy and budget responsibility in multi-tiered welfare states

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonoli ◽  
Marcello Natili ◽  
Philipp Trein
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social

In multi-tiered states, subnational policymakers face a dilemma: on one hand, they must ensure the social legitimacy of their subnational unit by owning relevant policies including their potentially negative consequences; on the other, they have to manage their budget responsibly, which limits the scope of policy development. We study this dilemma in relation to social policies, by examining how the constituent units and municipalities in Germany, Italy, Spain and Switzerland deal with it, taking social assistance as an empirical example. Our analysis suggests that the combination of the federation’s history and a multinational political context affects the incentives and the choices made by the policymakers regarding ownership and disownership of policy competencies in the field of social assistance. By analysing mechanisms that are likely to play out in multi-tiered welfare states, our article contributes to both the social policy and the political science literatures.

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