scholarly journals Climate variability in the summer of 2020 in south-west Romania in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
ION MARINICĂ ◽  
ANDREEA MARINICĂ ◽  
LUMINIȚA DIACONU

Globally, 2020 ended the warmest decade since the beginning of the measurements (WMO), and the warmest year was 2016, marked by a strong and intense El Ñino. In Oltenia the warmest year was 2019 with the average for the whole region of 12.4°C and the deviation from normal of 2.5°C, followed by 2020 with the general average of 12.2°C and the deviation from normal of 2.3°C. After the 2019- 2020 warm winter, which was the second Mediterranean winter in southern Romania, followed the normal thermal spring in which climatic anomalies were frequent. The summer of 2020 was warm and marked by great climate variability, given by the presence of a weak La Ñina climate process. Since June, the average temperature is normal and unstable, the climatic alternations and the progressive increase of the air temperature, determined that in August the weather will be the warmest during the summer and an intense heat wave occurred at the end of the month with the peak on 1.IX.2020.The paper analyses special climate variability in the summer of 2020, which is the continuation of an extensive series of works on climate variability and climate change in southwestern Romania (I. Marinică 2006, I. Marinică, Andreea Floriana, 2016, 2020). The paper is useful to all those interested in climate variability and climate change in this part of Romania.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hamer ◽  
Heidelinde Trimmel ◽  
Philipp Weihs ◽  
Stéphanie Faroux ◽  
Herbert Formayer ◽  
...  

<p>Climate change threatens to exacerbate existing problems in urban areas arising from the urban heat island. Furthermore, expansion of urban areas and rising urban populations will increase the numbers of people exposed to hazards in these vulnerable areas. We therefore urgently need study of these environments and in-depth assessment of potential climate adaptation measures.</p><p>We present a study of heat wave impacts across the urban landscape of Vienna for different future development pathways and for both present and future climatic conditions. We have created two different urban development scenarios that estimate potential urban sprawl and optimized development concerning future building construction in Vienna and have built a digital representation of each within the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface model. In addition, we select two heat waves of similar frequency of return representative for present and future conditions (following the RCP8.5 scenario) of the mid 21<sup>st</sup> century and use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to simulate both heat wave events. We then couple the two representations urban Vienna in TEB with the WRF heat wave simulations to estimate air temperature, surface temperatures and human thermal comfort during the heat waves. We then identify and apply a set of adaptation measures within TEB to try to identify potential solutions to the problems associated with the urban heat island.</p><p>Global and regional climate change under the RCP8.5 scenario causes the future heat wave to be more severe showing an increase of daily maximum air temperature in Vienna by 7 K; the daily minimum air temperature will increase by 2-4 K. We find that changes caused by urban growth or densification mainly affect air temperature and human thermal comfort local to where new urbanisation takes place and does not occur significantly in the existing central districts.</p><p>Exploring adaptation solutions, we find that a combination of near zero-energy standards and increasing albedo of building materials on the city scale accomplishes a maximum reduction of urban canyon temperature of 0.9 K for the minima and 0.2 K for the maxima. Local scale changes of different adaption measures show that insulation of buildings alone increases the maximum wall surface temperatures by more than 10 K or the maximum mean radiant temperature (MRT) in the canyon by 5 K.  Therefore, additional adaptation to reduce MRT within the urban canyons like tree shade are needed to complement the proposed measures.</p><p>This study concludes that the rising air temperatures expected by climate change puts an unprecedented heat burden on Viennese inhabitants, which cannot easily be reduced by measures concerning buildings within the city itself. Additionally, measures such as planting trees to provide shade, regional water sensitive planning and global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in order to reduce temperature extremes are required.</p><p>We are now actively seeking to apply this set of tools to a wider set of cases in order to try to find effective solutions to projected warming resulting from climate change in urban areas.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mąkosza

Climate change is an empirical fact evidenced by subsequent IPCC reports. The observed climate change is also manifested in the altered date of occurrence and duration of the seasons in a year. Variability of thermal conditions due to climate warming will have its toll on the bioclimatic conditions. The assessment of bioclimatic conditions was conducted with the use of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The present elaboration is based on hourly values of the following meteorological elements: air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and cloud cover. The meteorological data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in Szczecin and cover the period 2000-2019. Variability of bioclimatic conditions is considered per periods corresponding to thermal seasons of the year as identified by the Gumiński (1948) method on the basis of monthly air temperature values. The analysed UTCI values with respect to thermal seasons indicate that mean UTCI values in the period 2000-2019 representative for thermal summer amount to 22.6°C, thermal spring 9,9°C, thermal autumn 8.4°C, thermal winter -10.4°C, early spring -4.6°C, and early winter -7.9°C. For the periods with identified lack of thermal winter, mean UTCI value was -6.6°C. The aim of the present paper is an attempt to assess the variability of biothermal conditions as calculated using the UTCI index against the thermal seasons of the year in Szczecin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Meliboy Normatovich Kamolov ◽  
◽  
Sunnatillo Ibragimov ◽  

This article discusses the impact of climate and its components on environmental landscapes in the Mirzachul natural region. Due to this, in December and January the air temperature decreased to -340S (Mirzachul), -320S (Nurata, Jizzakh), -290 C (Forish). However, the average temperature in January is not lower than -0.10S (Forish), -0.60S (Jizzakh), -1.60S (Nurota).


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
I. Marinică ◽  
Andreea Floriana Martinică

The paper analyzes the climatic anomalies in Oltenia that occurred in spring 2020. After the Mediterranean winter of 2019-2020, the spring was excessively early on large areas, and on average very early. As a result, the vegetation started to develop very early, since the first part of March, and the flowering of the early fruit trees took place in the first half of March. In the first two months of spring there were 31 days in which the daily minimum temperatures were negative and there was hoar and frost on the soil surface. Thus, in March, minimum negative temperatures were registered in the intervals: 1.III, 6.III, 16-19.III, 23-31.III, ie 15 days. In April, minimum negative temperatures were registered in the intervals: 1-10.IV, 15-16. IV, 23-25.IV and 27.IV, totaling 16 days. The cooling of the weather culminated with the interval 22-25.III, in which the highest amounts of precipitation were registered in March but also in the whole cold season 2019-2020. There were blizzards that deposited a consistent layer of snow and banks formed, lasting 4 days being the longest in the cold season 2019-2020. The intense cooling of the weather after the warm winters are destructive climatic anomalies. The paper is part of an extensive series of studies on climate variability in southwestern Romania (Oltenia) in the context of climate change (I. Marinică, 2006, 2008; Marinicǎ I., Marinicǎ Andreea Floriana, 2016).


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Jiyu Seo ◽  
Jeongeun Won ◽  
Jeonghyeon Choi ◽  
Okjeong Lee ◽  
Sangdan Kim

Due to global warming, there is an increasing concern regarding persistent and severe heat waves. The maximum daily surface air temperature observations show strong non-stationary features, and the increased intensity and persistence of heat wave events have been observed in many regions. The heat wave persistence day frequency (HPF) curve, which correlates the intensity of a heat wave persistence event for days with return periods, can be a useful tool to analyze the frequency of heat wave events. In this study, non-stationary HPF curves are developed to explain the trend in the increase of the surface air temperature due to climate change, and their uncertainty is analyzed. The non-stationary HPF model can be used in climate change adaptation management such as public health, public safety, and energy management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Arnóbio De Mendonça Barreto Cavalcante ◽  
Eliane Barbosa Santos ◽  
Vicente de Paula Silva Filho Silva Filho ◽  
Vanessa de Almeida Dantas ◽  
Luciana Cristina De Sousa Vieira ◽  
...  

O aumento de temperatura do ar é uma realidade inquestionável. Vários trabalhos em macroescala confirmam esse fato, mas é preciso melhorar nossa compreensão, também, em escalas menores. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e comparar as normais climatológicas das temperaturas máxima, mínima e média compensada do período de 1961-1990 (normal de referência) com as normais climatológicas provisórias de 1994-2015, com o propósito de identificar mudanças nos padrões de temperatura e obter uma avaliação mais refinada das mudanças climáticas ocorridas nas últimas décadas no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Para tal, utilizou-se do banco de dados meteorológicos do INMET. O comportamento das temperaturas máxima, mínima e média compensada revelou para todas as estações selecionadas, um padrão de aumento do período 1994-2015 em relação ao período 1961-1990, da ordem de 0,7 oC, 0,4 oC e 0,6 oC em média, respectivamente. Destaca-se que esse aumento alcançou todo o estado mas, como cada localidade apresenta particularidades, a alta da temperatura não foi uniforme variando em função do setor do estado. As temperaturas médias foram “puxadas” para cima mais por conta dos aumentos das temperaturas máximas do que devido às medidas das temperaturas mínimas.Palavras-chave: Aquecimento do Ar; Normais Climatológicas; Mesoescala.  Space-Time Analysis of Temperatures in Ceará in the Context of Climate Change  A B S T R A C TSpatiotemporal analysis of temperatures in Ceará-Brazil in the context of climate change. The rise in air temperature is an unquestionable reality. Several studies in macroscale confirm this fact, but we must improve our understanding also at smaller scales. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the climate normals of maximum, minimum and average temperature of the 1961-1990 period (normal reference) with the provisional climate normals from 1994 to 2015, with the purpose of identifying changes in temperature patterns and a more refined assessment of climate change over the past decades in the state of Ceará. For this, the database is used, taken from the National Meteorological Institute of Brazil (INMET). The behavior of the maximum, minimum and average temperature revealed for all selected stations, a pattern of increased period 1994-2015 for the period 1961-1990, in the order of 0.7 °C, 0.4 °C and 0.6 oC in average, respectively. It is noteworthy that this increase reached throughout the state but as each location has special features, the temperature rise has not been uniform. It changed due to the state section. Average temperatures were "pulled" up more because of the rise in maximum temperatures that due to the measures of minimum temperatures.Keywords: Air Warming, Climate Normals, Mesoscale.


Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Ilaria Zambon ◽  
Giuseppe Pignatti ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  

Identifying early signals of climate change and latent patterns of meteorological variability requires tools analyzing time series data and multidimensional measures. By focusing on air temperature and precipitation, the present study compares local-scale climate regimes at two sites in Central Italy (urban Rome and a peri-urban cropland 10 km west of Rome), using descriptive and inferential statistics on both variables and a drought index (the Standardized Precipitation Index, hereafter SPI) recorded over the last 60 years (1958–2017). The present work assumes the importance of urban-rural gradients shaping local-scale climate regimes and spatial variability, with differential impacts on individual variables depending on territorial background and intrinsic biophysical characteristics. Considering together precipitations and minimum/maximum air temperature at month and year scale, the analysis developed here illustrates two coexisting climatic trends at distinctive spatial scales: A general trend toward warming—specifically influencing temperature regimes—and a more specific pattern evidencing changes in local-scale climate regime along the urban gradient, with a more subtle impact on both precipitations and temperatures. Empirical results indicate that climate variability increased over the study period, outlining the low predictability of dry spells typical of Mediterranean climate especially in the drier season (spring/summer). On average, absolute annual differences between the two sites amounted to 70 mm (more rainfall in the peri-urban site) and 0.9 °C (higher temperature in the urban site). A similar trend toward warming was observed for air temperature in both sites. No significant trends were observed for annual and seasonal rainfalls. SPI long-term trends indicate high variability in dry spells, with more frequent (and severe) drought episodes in urban Rome. Considering together trends in temperature and precipitation, the ‘urban heat’ effect was more evident, indicating a clearer trend toward climate aridity in urban Rome. These findings support the adoption of integrated strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation in both agricultural systems and relict natural ecosystems surrounding urban areas.


Author(s):  
Danial Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Mohammad Javad

Background: Climate change and global warming present a significant threat to outdoor workers. Climatic parameters change has increased the risk of outdoor workers' safety and health. The objective of this paper was to examine the hypothesis of an association between six years data of climatic parameters and outdoor workers' safety and health. Methods: A variety of approaches have been produced to assess and measure workers' occupational heat exposure and the risk of heat-related disorders. In this study, maximum, mean, and minimum daily temperatures were used in the heat wave models to compare the sensitivity of predictions according to different climatic parameters in the case study of Sabzevar, settled in the north east of Iran, Khorasan Razavi Province. In this perusal, we used a 6-year data (from March 2011 to June 2017) on medical attendance because of outdoor workers disorders and also daily values of different climatically parameters to investigate the hypothesis of an association between heat indices and outdoor workers disorders. Results: Mean temperature in the case study period was 18.95(0.21) °C. The minimum and maximum recorded temperature in the perusal period was -11.2 °C and 45.4 °C, respectively. The highest and lowest number of outdoor workers disorders was observed for the 11th (max daily air temperature > 35°C for ≥ 1 day) and 4th (mean daily air temperature > 99th percentile for ≥ 2 sequential days) definition of the heat wave in 16 definitions (17.75(4.80) and 0, respectively). Conclusion: This study found that extreme temperature was associated with outdoor worker disorders in Sabzevar. Research into the future likelihood, existence and magnitude of safety and health consequences of global warming and climate change represent an important input to national policy debates.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Hermes Alves de Almeida

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar se as oscilações decadal e sazonal das temperaturas do ar (máxima, média e mínima) de Campina Grande e Areia (PB), Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA) são inerentes à variabilidade natural ou mudança climática. Para essas investigações foram utilizadas séries térmicas mensais e anuais, do período: 01.01.1970 a 31.12.2009, cedidas pelo INMET e Embrapa. Cada série foi analisada, estatisticamente, comparando-se a oscilação das temperaturas por décadas e nas estações do ano com as respectivas médias aritmética da série + o desvio padrão (DP). Os principais resultados mostraram aumentos nas temperaturas máxima, média e mínima, quando se compara a década com a anterior, em todas as estações do ano, mas inferiores as suas respectivas médias + DP. Os maiores valores médios mensais das séries das temperaturas máxima e mínima, ocorreram, respectivamente, em Juazeiro (BA) e Petrolina (PE), e os menores, em Areia (PB). Destaca-se, entretanto, que na última década foi constatada uma diminuição nas médias das temperaturas máxima e média, nas quatro estações do ano, em Campina Grande, PB, e nas média e mínima em Juazeiro, BA. Frequências de valores de temperaturas máxima e mínima anual acima das respectivas médias mais o desvio padrão foram verificados, respectivamente, em oito e em seis anos, em Juazeiro, BA. Como as dispersões térmicas, no período estudado, foram inferiores as respectivas médias mais o desvio padrão, conclui-se, que essas oscilações são inerentes a variabilidade natural do clima e não há indícios de mudanças climáticas.    A B S T R A C T This study aimed to examine whether the decadal oscillations and seasonal of air temperature maximum, means and minimum of Campina Grande and Areia (PB), Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) are inherent to natural variability or climate change. For these investigations we used series monthly and yearly of extreme temperature of period: 01.01.1970 to 31.12.2009, granted by INMET and Embrapa. Each series was analyzed statistically comparing the fluctuation of temperatures for decades and in the seasons with their arithmetic mean of the series + the standard deviation (SD). The results showed increases in maximum, means and minimum temperatures, when compared with the previous decade, in all seasons of the year, but below their respective averages ± SD. The highest average monthly values of the series of maximum and minimum temperatures occurred respectively in Juazeiro (BA) and Petrolina (PE), and lowest in Areia (PB). It is noteworthy, however, that in the last decade we observed a decrease in the average maximum temperature in the four seasons in Campina Grande, PB, and minimal in Juazeiro, BA. Frequency values of maximum and minimum temperatures above their annual average plus the standard deviation were observed, respectively, eight and six years in Juazeiro, BA. As the thermal dispersions during the study period, were below their averages over the standard deviation, it is concluded that these oscillations are inherent to natural climate variability and there is evidence of climate change. Key-words: climate, climate variability, global warming, climate change  


Author(s):  
V. Guhan ◽  
V. Geethalakshmi ◽  
K. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
M. Rajavel ◽  
Dhanya Praveen ◽  
...  

Rainfall is one of the most important climatic variables that determine the spatial and temporal patterns of climate variability of a region, which also provides useful information for the planning of water resources, agricultural production, and others. Climate change is one of the most significant worldwide issues talked among scientists and researchers, and one of the consequences of climate change is the alteration of rainfall patterns. 'India's population and the economy is linked to climate-sensitive activities, including rainfed agriculture and excess climate anomalies, deficient and flooded rainfall years have a dramatic impact on the economy as well as on the living conditions of the inhabitants of the affected region. An understanding of current and historical trends and variation is inevitable to her future development, especially in agricultural and hydrological sectors. In the present study, historical weather data for 33 years (1981-2013) was analyzed for rainfed cropping season (September - December) to understand the climatic variability in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. The maximum daily air temperature increased on average by 0.02°C per year, whereas minimum daily air temperature remained constant during the rainfed cropping season. The high rainfall zone receives an annual and rainfed cropping average rainfall of 1307and 672 mm, respectively. Analysis of rainfall during rainfed cropping period over 33 years showed ten years had standard RF, nine years had deficit rainfall, six years had below standard RF, one year had above standard RF and seven years had excess RF. Analysis indicates that the deficit condition prevailed in every alternate year in recent decades. The onset of rainfed cropping season varied over the years (1981-2013), 13 years had onset in the slot from 1st to 5th  September, and in others, years onset occurred between 6 and 30th September. Cessation also had a variation over 33 years and 16 years had cessation from 26 to 31st December while remaining years had cessation in the period of 1-25th December. LGP ranged from 57 to 143 days, with an average LGP of 106 days.  Dry spell varied from 3 to 12 days with the mean of 6 days, and wet spell varied from 2 to 8 days with an average of 5 days.


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