Análise Espaço-Temporal das Temperaturas no Ceará no Contexto das Mudanças Climáticas

O aumento de temperatura do ar é uma realidade inquestionável. Vários trabalhos em macroescala confirmam esse fato, mas é preciso melhorar nossa compreensão, também, em escalas menores. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e comparar as normais climatológicas das temperaturas máxima, mínima e média compensada do período de 1961-1990 (normal de referência) com as normais climatológicas provisórias de 1994-2015, com o propósito de identificar mudanças nos padrões de temperatura e obter uma avaliação mais refinada das mudanças climáticas ocorridas nas últimas décadas no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Para tal, utilizou-se do banco de dados meteorológicos do INMET. O comportamento das temperaturas máxima, mínima e média compensada revelou para todas as estações selecionadas, um padrão de aumento do período 1994-2015 em relação ao período 1961-1990, da ordem de 0,7 oC, 0,4 oC e 0,6 oC em média, respectivamente. Destaca-se que esse aumento alcançou todo o estado mas, como cada localidade apresenta particularidades, a alta da temperatura não foi uniforme variando em função do setor do estado. As temperaturas médias foram “puxadas” para cima mais por conta dos aumentos das temperaturas máximas do que devido às medidas das temperaturas mínimas.Palavras-chave: Aquecimento do Ar; Normais Climatológicas; Mesoescala. Space-Time Analysis of Temperatures in Ceará in the Context of Climate Change A B S T R A C TSpatiotemporal analysis of temperatures in Ceará-Brazil in the context of climate change. The rise in air temperature is an unquestionable reality. Several studies in macroscale confirm this fact, but we must improve our understanding also at smaller scales. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the climate normals of maximum, minimum and average temperature of the 1961-1990 period (normal reference) with the provisional climate normals from 1994 to 2015, with the purpose of identifying changes in temperature patterns and a more refined assessment of climate change over the past decades in the state of Ceará. For this, the database is used, taken from the National Meteorological Institute of Brazil (INMET). The behavior of the maximum, minimum and average temperature revealed for all selected stations, a pattern of increased period 1994-2015 for the period 1961-1990, in the order of 0.7 °C, 0.4 °C and 0.6 oC in average, respectively. It is noteworthy that this increase reached throughout the state but as each location has special features, the temperature rise has not been uniform. It changed due to the state section. Average temperatures were "pulled" up more because of the rise in maximum temperatures that due to the measures of minimum temperatures.Keywords: Air Warming, Climate Normals, Mesoscale.

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Changing Patterns of Temperature in Yobe State, North-Eastern Nigeria: An Evidence of Climate Change

Asian Journal of Geographical Research ◽

10.9734/ajgr/2021/v4i130126 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-72

Author(s):

O. Musa Kehinde ◽

Bulama Lawan ◽

A. Ahmad Umar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

General Term ◽

The State ◽

Positive Temperature ◽

Excessive Heat ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The Impact

Air temperature is one of the fundamental indicators of Climate Change in any place on earth. Understanding the changing patterns of air temperature in Yobe State is instrumental in establishing the manifestation of Climate Change in the area and to enables the policy makers to design the best mechanisms to cope with the vagaries of increasing temperature. This study examined the changing patterns of temperature in Yobe State as an evidence of Climate Change. The study used mean monthly minimum and maximum air temperature data collected from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) with respect to Nguru and Potiskum weather stations in the State for a period of 1956-2015. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression trend lines and coefficient of variation (C.V). The result showed that April is the hottest month with the highest mean maximum temperatures of 39.6°C and 38.6°C in Nguru and Potiskum respectively while January is the coldest month with mean temperatures of 30.5°C and 30.8°C for Nguru and Potiskum respectively. Further finding revealed that temperatures are highly variable in February in both Nguru and Potiskum with C.V of 8.7% and 5.7% and less variable in October with C.V of 2.0%. Finding showed that in general term, there were upward trends in monthly and annual positive temperature anomalies ranging from 0.2°C to as high as 4.0°C in some months and years in the state. The study concludes that temperatures in Yobe State have witnessed series of changes within the 60 years period. Therefore, it is suggested that stakeholders in the Yobe State Environmental Protection Agency should intensify efforts in reducing deforestation while encouraging people on afforestation with a view to reducing the impact of Greenhouse gases that are contributing to more warming than normal. There should be adequate electricity and water supply for immediate relieve from excessive heat emanating from high temperature.

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Vermont Climate Change Indicators

Weather Climate and Society ◽

10.1175/2011wcas1096.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 106-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alan K. Betts

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Early Spring ◽

The State ◽

Consistent Pattern ◽

Adaptation Planning ◽

Small Lakes ◽

The Past ◽

Warming Climate

AbstractClimate change indicators are developed for Vermont in recent decades based on the trends in freeze dates, the length of the growing season, the frozen period of small lakes, and the onset of spring. These trends, which show a consistent pattern of a warming climate in Vermont during the past 50 yr, provide useful information for climate change adaptation planning for the state. The freeze period has become shorter and the growing season for frost-sensitive plants has become longer by about 3.7 (±1.1) days decade−1, the date of the last spring freeze has come earlier by 2.3 (±0.7) days decade−1, and the first autumn freeze has come later by 1.5 (±0.8) days decade−1. The frozen period for small lakes, which depends on mean temperatures over longer periods, has decreased faster by 6.9 (±1.5) days decade−1. Lake freeze-up has occurred later by 3.9 (±1.1) days decade−1, while ice-out has come earlier by 2.9 (±1.0) days decade−1. Lilac first leaf has also been coming earlier by 2.9 (±0.8) days decade−1, while lilac first bloom has advanced more slowly, by 1.6 (±0.6) days decade−1. The first leaf of Vermont lilacs, an indicator of early spring, is closely correlated with the ice-out of the small reference lake, Stile’s Pond, because both are related to temperatures in February–April. In the past 40 yr, the growing season for frost-sensitive plants has increased by 2 weeks, and the growing season for frost-hardy plants may have increased more.

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What the past can say about the present and future of fire

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2020.48 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 66-87

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Marlon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

The Public ◽

The Past ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

In Fire ◽

Very High

AbstractWildfires are an integral part of most terrestrial ecosystems. Paleofire records composed of charcoal, soot, and other combustion products deposited in lake and marine sediments, soils, and ice provide a record of the varying importance of fire over time on every continent. This study reviews paleofire research to identify lessons about the nature of fire on Earth and how its past variability is relevant to modern environmental challenges. Four lessons are identified. First, fire is highly sensitive to climate change, and specifically to temperature changes. As long as there is abundant, dry fuel, we can expect that in a warming climate, fires will continue to grow unusually large, severe, and uncontrollable in fire-prone environments. Second, a better understanding of “slow” (interannual to multidecadal) socioecological processes is essential for predicting future wildfire and carbon emissions. Third, current patterns of burning, which are very low in some areas and very high in others—are often unprecedented in the context of the Holocene. Taken together, these insights point to a fourth lesson—that current changes in wildfire dynamics provide an opportunity for paleoecologists to engage the public and help them understand the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change.

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Probability Assessment of Slope Instability in Seasonally Cold Regions under Climate Change

10.21203/rs.3.rs-408312/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yulong Zhu ◽

Tatsuya Ishikawa ◽

Tomohito J. Yamada ◽

Srikrishnan Siva Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Slope Stability ◽

Water Content ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Slope Instability ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Cold Regions ◽

The Past ◽

Assessment Approach

Abstract This paper proposes an effective approach for evaluating the influences of climate change on slope stability in seasonally cold regions. Firstly, to semi-quantitatively assess the effects of climate changes on the uncertainty of climate factors, this study analyzes the trend of the two main climate factors (precipitation and air temperature) by the regression analysis using the meteorological monitoring data of the past 120 years in different scales (e.g., world, country (Japan), and city (Sapporo)), and the meteorological simulation data obtained by downscaling the outputs of three different regional atmospheric models (RAMs) with lateral boundary conditions from three different general circulation models (GCMs). Next, to discuss the effects of different climate factors (air temperature, precipitation, etc.) and to determine the key climate factors on the slope instability, an assessment approach for evaluating the effects of climate changes on slope instability is proposed through the water content simulation and slope stability analysis using a 2-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM) homogeneous conceptual slope model with considering freeze-thaw action. Finally, to check the effectiveness of the above assessment approach, assessment of instability of an actual highway embankment slope with the local layer geometry is done by applying the past and predicted future climate data. The results indicate that affected by global warming, the air temperature rise in some cold cities is more serious. The predicted future weather will affect the shape of the normal density curve (NDC) of the distribution of slope failures in one year. The climate changes (especially the increase in precipitation) in the future will increase the infiltration during the Spring season. It will lengthen the time that the highway slope is in an unstable state due to high volumetric water content, thereby enhancing the instability of the slopes and threatening more slopes in the future.

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Impactos das mudanças climáticas na demanda hídrica e duração do ciclo do sorgo forrageiro e feijão-caupi no estado de Pernambuco

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v8.0.p542-559 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 542

Author(s):

José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽

Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽

Marcela Lúcia Barbosa ◽

Wellington Jairo da Silva Diniz ◽

Carlos André Alves de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Demand ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

The State ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Area Index ◽

Forage Sorghum

O aumento na ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos nas últimas décadas é uma forte evidência das mudanças climáticas. Em regiões Semiáridas, onde a pressão de desertificação tem se intensificado, são esperadas diminuição da disponibilidade de água e maior ocorrência de períodos seca, e, consequentemente, efeitos na resposta fisiológica das plantas. Assim, objetivou-se analisar os impactos dos cenários de mudanças climáticas sobre a duração do ciclo fenológico e a demanda de água do sorgo forrageiro e do feijão-caupi cultivados no Estado de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados os valores mensais da normal climatológica brilho solar, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento de dez municípios. Considerou-se um aumento de 1,8°C (Cenário B2) e 4,0°C (Cenário A1F1) na temperatura do ar e um decréscimo de 5,0% dos valores absolutos de umidade relativa do ar, além do aumento de 22% na resistência estomática e de 4% no índice de área foliar. Com base nessas informações foram gerados três cenários: situação atual e projeções futuras para B2 e A1F1. Os resultados revelaram uma redução média de 11% (B2) e 20% (A1F1), e de 10% (B2) e 17% (A1F1) na duração do ciclo, e de 4% (B2) e 8% (A1F1), e 2% (B2) e 5% (A1F1) na demanda de água acumulada para o sorgo forrageiro e feijão-caupi, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a magnitude das reduções da duração do ciclo e a demanda de água simulada para as culturas do sorgo forrageiro e do feijão-caupi variaram espaço-temporalmente no Estado de Pernambuco com os cenários de mudanças climáticas.ABSTRACT The increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in recent decades is a strong evidence of climate change. In semiarid regions, where the pressure of desertification has intensified, are expected to decrease in the availability of water and higher occurrence of drought periods, and, consequently, effects on physiological response of plants. Thus, the objective of analyzing the impacts of climate change scenarios on the duration of phenological cycle and water demand of forage sorghum and cowpea, grown in the State of Pernambuco. Monthly values were used normal climatological solar brightness, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of ten municipalities. It was considered an increase of 1.8° C (B2 Scenario) and 4.0° C (A1F1 Scenario) on air temperature and a decrease of 5.0% of the absolute values of relative humidity, in addition to the 22% increase in stomatal resistance and 4% in leaf area index. Based on this information were generated three scenarios: current situation and future projections for B2, A1F1. The results revealed an average reduction of 11% (B2) and 20% (A1F1), and 10% (B2) and 17% (A1F1) for the duration of the cycle, and 4% (B2) and 8% (A1F1), and 2% (B2) and 5% (A1F1) in accumulated water demand for forage sorghum and cowpea, respectively. It is concluded that the magnitude of the reductions in the duration of the cycle and the simulated water demand for crops of forage sorghum and cowpea ranged space-temporarily in the State of Pernambuco with climate change scenarios.

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The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Climate Change in Shanghai

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2388 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 524-527 ◽

pp. 2388-2393 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nan Wang ◽

Mahjoub Elnimeiri

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Average Temperature ◽

The Past ◽

Strong Positive Relationship ◽

The Relationship ◽

Annual Average Temperature ◽

Fossil Fuel Energy

The phenomenon of climate change is becoming a global problem. One of the most important reasons of climate change is the increase in CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel energy use in daily human activities. This research will use the data of the annual average temperature and energy consumption in the past 41 years of Shanghai, the largest city in China, to establish the statistical relationship between climate change and energy consumption. It is found that there is a strong positive relationship between climate change and energy consumption in Shanghai. The phenomenon of climate change could be controlled by reducing excessive energy consumption in people’s daily life. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the reason of such relationship, and provide suggesstions of saving energy and protecting our environment.

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Climatic controls on watershed reference evapotranspiration vary dramatically during the past 50 years in southern China

10.5194/hess-2017-241 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mengsheng Qin ◽

Lu Hao ◽

Lei Sun ◽

Yongqiang Liu ◽

Ge Sun

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Southern China ◽

The Past ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

The Individual

Abstract. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important hydrometeorological term widely used in water resource management, hydrological modeling, and understanding and projecting the hydrological effects of future climate change and land use change. Identifying the individual climatic controls on ETo helps better understand the processes of global climatic change impacts on local water resources and also simplify modeling efforts to predict actual evapotranspiration. We conducted a case study on the Qinhuai River Basin (QRB), a watershed dominated by a humid subtropical climate and mixed land uses in southern China. Long term (1961–2012) daily meteorological data at six weather stations across the watershed were used to estimate ETo by the FAO-56 Penman−Monteith model. The seasonal and annual trends of ETo were examined using the Mann−Kendall nonparametric test. The individual contributions from each meteorological variable were quantified by a detrending method. The results showed that basin-wide annual ETo had a decreasing trend during 1961–1987 due to decreased wind speed (WS), solar radiation (Rs), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and increased relative humidity (RH). These variables had different magnitudes of contribution to the ETo trend in different seasons examined during 1961−1987. However, during 1988–2012, both seasonal and annual ETo showed an increasing trend, mainly due to increased VPD and decreased RH and, to lesser extent, to decreased absolute humidity (AH) and a rising air temperature. We show that the key climatic controls on ETo have dramatically shifted as a result of global climate change during the past five decades. Now the atmospheric demand, instead of air temperature alone, is a major control on ETo. Thus, we conclude that accurately predicting current and future ETo and hydrological change under a changing climate must consider changes in VPD (i.e., air humidity and temperature) in the study region. Water resource management in the study basin must consider the increasing trend of ETo to meet the associated increasing water demand for irrigation agriculture and domestic water uses.

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The Influence of Climate Change on the Environment of the Mirzachul Natural Territory

10.37547/jgnr-01-05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Meliboy Normatovich Kamolov ◽

◽

Sunnatillo Ibragimov ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Natural Region ◽

The Impact ◽

Natural Territory

This article discusses the impact of climate and its components on environmental landscapes in the Mirzachul natural region. Due to this, in December and January the air temperature decreased to -340S (Mirzachul), -320S (Nurata, Jizzakh), -290 C (Forish). However, the average temperature in January is not lower than -0.10S (Forish), -0.60S (Jizzakh), -1.60S (Nurota).

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Flattening the climate curve

10.5194/ems2021-483 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

tomas molina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Scientific Communication ◽

The Past ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Private And Public ◽

Change Curve ◽

General Society

With the arrival of COVID we have learned how to flatten the "pandemic curve" during the past year. Now it is time to finally flatten the global warming, climate change curve.The scientific knowledge is clear and unequivocal, but we must now strengthen our scientific communication to the general population, to governments, to industry, and to the private sector, to drive changes to our social behaviour as individuals, workers, communities and general society.We talk a lot about private and public partnership; we need also to include also the scientific community in this cooperation. All of society needs to know and understand the challenges, in order to drive changes in social behaviour that reduce greenhouse gases emissions.

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Análise da Tendência Climática nas Séries Temporais de Temperatura de Rondonópolis - MT

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2019v23n2p84-87 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Danielle Da Silva Batista ◽

Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Temporal Series ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Positive Tendency ◽

The Mean ◽

The City ◽

Meteorological Institute

Com expansão territorial, as cidades tendem a sofrer com as alterações climáticas, estudar essas alterações se apresentam como de extrema necessidade, pois auxiliarão na mitigação desses efeitos para a sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar séries temporais de temperatura média da cidade de Rondonópolis-MT no período de 2004 a 2016, os dados foram coletados pelo Instituto Nacional Meteorológico (INMET), obtidos por meio de seu Banco de Dados Meteorológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa (BDMEP), para essa análise foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Mann Kendall. Os resultados apresentaram tendência positiva, porém não significativa, ou seja, houve aumento na temperatura média durante o período estudado. Os meses de janeiro e fevereiro apresentaram o valor de ZMK -0,011 e -0,055 respectivamente, dessa forma o valor de ZMK<0 consequentemente decrescente, isso pode ter relação com o período chuvoso na região. Palavra-chave: Mudança Climática. Microclima. Urbanização. AbstractWith territorial expansion cities tend to suffer from climate change, studying these changes are extremely necessary, as it will help in mitigating these effects to the society. The objective of this work was to analyze the temporal series of the mean temperature of the city of Rondonópolis-MT from 2004 to 2016, the data were collected by the National Meteorological Institute (INMET), obtained through its Meteorological Database for Teaching and Research BDMEP), the non-parametric Mann Kendall test was used for this analysis. The results showed a positive tendency, but not significant, that is, there was an increase in the average temperature during the studied period. The months of January and February presented the value of ZMK -0.011 and -0.055 respectively, thus the value of ZMK <0 consequently decreasing, this may be related to the rainy season in the region. Keywords: Climate Change. Microclimate. Urbanization.

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