„…ki találhat bölcs asszonyt?” Némi betekintés a 16–17. századi papnék műveltségébe

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Marianna Bátoriné Misák ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wise Woman ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Pastor's Wife

Abstract. “Who Can Find a Wise Woman?” Some Insights into the Education of the Wives of 16th-17th-Century Calvinist Priests. The paper examines the literacy of pastors’ wives during the 16th-17th centuries. For a long time, the opportunity for women to acquire literacy was only the privilege of the upper social strata, but literacy was not widespread among them either. This trend came to an end in the 17th century, for which period we also found examples of the literacy of urban citizens. The daughters of the lower social strata were prepared primarily to be good wives, housewives, and good mothers in the family, especially next to their mothers. Examining the preachers’ wives as a well-defined social group is a problem due to the scarcity of resources. In most cases, we know nothing but the name of the preacher’s wife, and we do not have information about their origins and families; if we do, however, then their social situation and the occupation of their parents provide a basis for research into their education. The conclusion of the research is that even if they did not receive a formal education, the 16th-17th-century Calvinist pastors’ wives were educated women. In many cases, this knowledge – primarily wisdom, life experience, and piety – and the virtues necessary for the roles of housewife, mother, and wife were the main aspects of choice for their husband. Keywords: pastor’s wife, Protestantism, literacy, 16th-17th century

scholarly journals “His Wife Has Married...”: To the Problem of the Fate of Soldiers’ Wives in the 17th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Varvara Vovina-Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Introduction. The article deals with one important problem in the history of the 17th-century peasant family: the relationship between a woman and her family, as well as the family of her husband, in cases when this peasant was taken to military service for a long time. Methods and materials. The article is based on unpublished materials of the description of the Shenkurskaya and Podvinskaya chetverts of Vazhskiy uyezd in 1665. The author explores different situations of taking peasants in soldiers and further interaction of the volost with the families of these soldiers. The fates of soldiers’ wives are a subject of special attention. Analysis and results. The paper considers various cases that are recorded in the census book: the case of soldier’s wife living in the same yard with relatives of her husband or with her own relatives, the case of soldier’s wife death, the case of “begging inside the parish”. One of these variants was a new marriage of the soldier’s wife. The cases when it took place after the death of the first husband were always recorded. We assume that numerous cases of women’s marriage without remarks of her first husband’s death reflect the practice of a cohabitation among the peasants, which was not consecrated by the church, but was actually recognized by the government and by volost residents.

scholarly journals Features of social and pedagogical interaction of institutions of general and non-formal education of children with the family as a subject of designing the individual educational trajectory of children.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Petr B. Bondarev ◽  
◽  
Valentina E. Kurochkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Part

In the documents reflecting the modern Russian Federal policy in the field of education, one of the main tasks is defined as the well-being of the family and the formation of trust in the family as a social institution. In the article, the social institution of the family is considered as a leading factor in the aspect of managing the social situation of a child's development. The partnership of the family with the systems of General and non-formal education of children is presented as an effective practice of social and ped-agogical interaction, focused on the social and mental development of children. The fea-tures of social and pedagogical interaction of institutions of General and non-formal education of children with the family as a subject of designing an individual educational trajectory are revealed. It is shown that in the modern conditions of modernization of Russian education, there is a tendency of alienation between the family and the school. The school implements the main directions of work with parents, which reflect its lead-ership and guiding role in this process: increase of their psychological and pedagogical knowledge; involvement in the educational process of the school; involvement in public administration of an educational institution. The family manifests itself as a social part-ner of the institution of non-formal education of children, whose activities assume a fo-cus on matching the interests, inclinations, abilities of children. The implementation of social and pedagogical partnership is based on the establishment of links between the family and the educational environment, in the creation of which it actively participates. The interaction of n-education with the family creates conditions for the motivated par-ticipation of children in the implementation of their educational routes. There is an in-crease in the importance of such educational practices, which can include the family in various types of pedagogical activities as an equal subject, along with children.

Organization of Individual Counselling of Children Brought up in Foster Families (on the example of the «Family» Centre»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Fazlyeva ◽  
Aliya Akhmetshina
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Children, brought up in foster families, experience various problems (diffi culties in interpersonal relationships with parents, diffi culties in communicating with peers, emotional instability), which lead to confl icts, quarrels, running away from home, destructive phenomena, etc. One of the eff ective forms of working with children brought up in foster families is individual counselling. Individual counselling is used by various specialists (psychologists, educators, psychotherapists), where a special place is taken by a social educator. His or her activity involves the implementation of social-protective, preventive, educational, informational, advisory functions. In the process of organizing individual counseling, the social educator takes into account the social situation of the family and the child, personal characteristics, social conditions, social and cultural characteristics and the nature of the relationship with the social environment. To organize individual counseling, a social educator needs to master various and eff ective techniques, and take into account a number of recommendations. An analysis of the literature and practical socio-pedagogical experience led to an understanding of the insuffi cient degree of elaboration of this issue. The purpose of this article was the solution to this problem.

Dramatis Personae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mitchell Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Official Records

This chapter introduces the family: father Edmund, a shoemaker turned bookseller, and his three or four wives, their social and religious status, questions of literacy and formal education. The children are introduced more or less in their birth order: Kezia, Ebenezer, Manoah, Job, and Charity. The difficulties of tracing women is discussed. Particular attention is paid to Kezia, who was the subject of one of Ebenezer’s astrological cases, and Charity, who left a decades-long trail through official records, marking her as one of the most economically savvy members of the family. Since many of the Sibly men took shorthand, there is a brief discussion of contemporary shorthand uses, accuracy, and to what extent shorthand takers preserved the voice of the speaker. Ebenezer’s daughter Urania is also introduced, though like Ebenezer and Manoah, she has her own chapter later in the work

Feeding Habits of Alepocephalus Rostratus (Pisces: Alepocephalidae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carrassón ◽  
J. Matallanas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Prey Item ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Important Fish

The present study examines the feeding habits of Alepocephalus rostratus, the only species of the family Alepocephalidae in the Mediterranean Sea and the second most important fish species, in terms of biomass, inhabiting the deep slope of the Catalan Sea. Samples were obtained at depths between 1000–2250 m. Diet was analysed for two different size-classes (immature and mature specimens) at three different bathymetric strata during two different seasons. The feeding habits of A. rostratus included a narrow range of mobile macroplanktonic organisms (e.g. Pyrosoma atlanticum and Chelophyes appendiculata) and some material of benthic origin. Pyrosoma atlanticum was the preferred prey item in spring at 1000–1425 m, being very scarce in summer at the same depth as a consequence of its scarcity in the environment during this season. There were some ontogenic differences in the diet of A. rostratus at 1425–2250 m. Adults ingested more and larger prey than juvenile specimens. The scarcity of resources below 1200–1400 m fostered a more diversified diet, as well as passive predation of sedimented material.

scholarly journals Chelonicola and Poulinea, two new gomphonemoid diatom genera (Bacillariophyta) living on marine turtles from Costa Rica

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Majewska ◽  
J. P. Kociolek ◽  
Evan W. Thomas ◽  
Mario De Stefano ◽  
Mario Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

Marine mammals such as whales and dolphins have been known for a long time to host a very specific epizoic community on their skin. Less known however is the presence of a similar community on the carapaces of sea turtles. The present study is the first describing new taxa inhabiting sea turtle carapaces. Samples, collected from nesting olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) on Ostional Beach (Costa Rica), were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Two unknown small-celled gomphonemoid taxa were analysed in more detail and are described as two new genera, closely related to other gomphonemoid genera with septate girdle bands, such as Tripterion, Cuneolus and Gomphoseptatum. Chelonicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver gen. nov. has a flat valve face, uniseriate striae composed of more than three areolae, simple external raphe endings, internally a siliceous flap over the proximal raphe endings and lives on mucilaginous stalks. Poulinea Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver gen. nov. has at least one concave valve, uniseriate striae composed of only two elongated areolae, external distal raphe endings covered by thickened siliceous flaps and lives attached to the substrate by a mucilaginous pad. Chelonicola costaricensis Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and Poulinea lepidochelicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver sp. nov. can be separated based on stria structure, girdle structure composed of more than 10 copulae, raphe structure and general valve outline. A cladistics analysis of putative members of the Rhoicospheniaceae indicates that the family is polyphyletic. Chelonicola and Poulinea are sister taxa, and form a monophyletic group with Cuneolus and Tripterion, but are not closely related to Rhoicosphenia, or other genera previously assigned to this family. Features used to help diagnose the family such as symmetry and presence of septa and pseudosepta are homoplastic across the raphid diatom tree of life.

FAMILY DIABETES AND MAIN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: THE DESCRIBED AND POTENTIAL EFFECT OF METFORMIN (remembering Vladimir Dilman)

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-720
Author(s):  
Л. М. Берштейн
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Antidiabetic Biguanides

Работа посвящена двум медико-биологическим проблемам - семейному диабету (имея в виду наличие случаев сахарного диабета 2-го типа в семье, в том числе в разных поколениях), а также особенностям его связей с основными неинфекционными заболеваниями человека и приурочена к юбилею известнейшего отечественного специалиста (теоретика и врача) в области геронтологии и эндокринологии профессора В. М. Дильмана. Широко признанные труды Владимира Михайловича, основанные на оригинальных идеях и породившие важные практические следствия (включая применение антидиабетических бигуанидов в не использовавшихся до него областях, необходимость устранения метаболической иммунодепрессии, учета изменений с возрастом на уровне гипоталамического порога в различных гомеостатических системах и целого ряда других предложений), как представляется, в течение долгого времени будут питать интеллектуальным материалом и стимулировать к дальнейшему поиску его последователей и специалистов, которым еще предстоит окунуться в область, очерченную В. М. Дильманом и интересовавшую его в течение многих лет. The work discusses the two biomedical problems: family diabetes (bearing in mind the presence of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family, including its different generations) and the features of relationship of family diabetes with major non-communicable human diseases (NCDs). The paper is timed to the anniversary of the famous - in our country and abroad - expert in the field of gerontology and endocrinology, Professor V. M. Dilman. The widely recognized works of V. M. Dilman, based on original ideas and giving rise to important practical consequences (including the use of antidiabetic biguanides in areas not studied before him, the need to eliminate metabolic immunodepression, to take into account the changes with age at the level of the hypothalamic threshold in various homeostatic systems and a whole number of other essential proposals), which for a long time, as it seems, will stimulate the further scientific search of his followers and specialists, who have yet to get acquainted with the area that attracted Prof. Dilman and interested him for many years.

Middle East Experience in Palliative Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaith F. Abu Zeinah ◽  
Sadeer G. Al-Kindi ◽  
Azza Adel Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Palliative Care (PC) is still a relatively new concept in the Middle East (ME). It was first introduced in Saudi Arabia in 1992 and only recently in countries such as Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE. Although the majority of Middle-Eastern countries, including Palestine, Iraq, Oman and Lebanon are in the capacity building phase, others such as Saudi and Jordan already have localized provision. In the absence of any of the ME countries approaching integration with the mainstream service providers, Saudi Arabia and Jordan are currently setting examples of achievement in the field. There are still countries with little or no known Palliative Care activity (Yemen and Syria). Political issues, scarcity of resources, and lack of education and awareness seem to be the common factors restricting the progress of this field in most countries. In order to improve the suboptimal PC services in the ME, emphasis should be directed toward providing formal education to professionals and raising awareness of the public. It is also necessary to put all differences aside and develop cross-border collaborations, whether through third party organizations such as the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) or otherwise. This review compiles the available literature on the history and progress of the field of PC in most ME countries, while pointing out the major obstacles encountered by the active parties of each country.

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