scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of the Essential Oil from Tagetes minuta

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A.J. Khan ◽  
A.R. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phenyl Acetaldehyde

Tagetes minuta Linn. is a highly aromatic herb that grows wild on the North-West Himalayas between the altitudes of 1,250 and 2,500 m. The aerial part of the plant, on hydro distillation, yielded 1.2% of yellow-brown colored essential oil, on a dry weight basis, having a strong aromatic odor. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry examination of the oil showed that it contains tagetone and trans-caryo hyllene as major constituents. The other constituents identified were B-bisabolene, carvotanacetone, carvacrol, citral, B-cubebene, p-cymene, dihydrotagetone, iso-eugenol, B-inone, linalyl acetate, linalool, isolimonene, methyl-n-heptyl ketone, B-myrcene, menthol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone, B-ocimene, ocimenone, 1-penten-3-ol, phenyl acetaldehyde, a-pinene, spathulenol, a-terpineol, and Y-terpineol.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Sub-Critical Fluid Extraction of the Essential Oil of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with That of Hydrodistillation

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
David Mc Gaw ◽  
Rosemarie Skeene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Tropics

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a spice plant grown in the tropics that contains both an essential oil and an oleoresin. The essential oil is important as a flavouring and has pharmaceutical properties, while the oleoresin is bright yellow in colour and has medicinal properties. The essential oil has traditionally been extracted by hydrodistillation/steam distillation with the total extract being extracted by solvent extraction and more recently by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The objective of the work described in this paper was to investigate the possibility of extracting the essential oil using sub-critical fluid extraction and to compare it with hydrodistillation. The experiments using hydrodistillation showed that unpeeled fresh turmeric was the preferred raw material, giving an oil yield of ≈6% dry weight basis, which is similar to that reported in the literature. The experimental programme on the extraction of the oil from dried unpeeled turmeric was carried out over a temperature range from 25 to 30 °C and pressures from 65 to 71 bar. Yields were generally higher than hydrodistillation (up to ≈9% dry weight basis) as were the compositions of the extracted oils. The preferred operating conditions were determined to be 25 °C temperature and 65 bar pressure. Curcumin, the major component of the oleoresin, was not found in the oil, thereby demonstrating that the sub-critical extract is a pure essential oil. It is suggested that consideration be given to evaluating an SFE process whereby the essential oil is initially fully extracted under sub-critical fluid extraction conditions, after which the oleoresin is extracted separately by raising the pressure to ≈250 bar.

scholarly journals The Extraction of Essential Oil from Piper Cubeba by Using Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Norma Eralita ◽  
Siti Khuzaimah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This research aims to study the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) method. Before extraction, the raw materials are prepared in the form of grains and powders to vary the size of the raw materials. Time variation was carried out at microwave power 180 Watt Analyses were then performed on the resulting essential oil using both physical and chemical tests of density and solubility with 96% alcohol. Analyses of chemical compounds within the essential oil were then performed using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the production of essential oil from Piper Cubeba using the SFME method was affected by microwave power, grain size, and treatment duration. Results from physical and chemical analyses revealed that the resulting cubeb oil has 0.86 g/mL density, which means that essential oil produced using the SFME method is lighter compared than those produced using MAHD methods. Results from GC-MS analyses showed eight components detected from the production of essential oil from Piper cubeba using the SFMEmethod; Copaene (39.28%), Cubebene (23.83%), Isoledene (11.66%), Naphthalene (6.65%), Phellandrene (5.81%), Asarone (5.71%), Cadidene (4.90%), and Caryophyllene (2.16%) which contents belong to the sesquiterpene group

scholarly journals PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude R. Joiris ◽  
William Overloop
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Indian Sector

Samples of phyto- and zooplankton were collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (38–67°S, 18–84°E) and analysed for organochlorine residues (PCBs and pesticides). The PCB concentration in particulate matter (mainly phytoplankton) appeared to be high and similar to that of temperate zones: 0.7 μg g−1 dry weight. Contamination levels were more constant expressed per water volume than per dry weight, and seven times lower (1.2 μg m−3) than in northern temperate zones (8.8 μm−3 in the North Sea). The Antarctic ecosystems are thus less contaminated than temperate ones — as expected — but the very low phytoplankton biomass present cause high PCB levels per unit of biomass. These results confirm the necessity of using different systems of units in order to correctly express the contamination levels and to identify the main mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of stable pollutants. PCB levels in netplankton samples (mainly zooplankton) were comparable with phytoplankton on a dry weight basis (0.7 μm−3), lower on a lipid weight basis (5.8 μg g−1 lw for netplankton, 16.3 for particulate matter) and were much higher per seawater volume (27.2 μg m−3 for netplankton, 1.2 for particulate matter). Netplankton contamination is comparable in the Antarctic (0.35 μg g−1 dw) and the North Sea (0.70) since zooplankton feeding on phytoplankton has similar levels of contamination in both ecosystems. Lindane, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, DDE and DDT were observed in various samples at trace levels. The high DDE/DDT ratio reflects the more recent origin of Antarctic organochlorines.

scholarly journals Comparative account of allelopathic potential of essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. and its major component cis-β-Ocimene

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Komal Arora* ◽  
Daizy Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Plant Laboratory ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Tagetes Minuta

The study aims to explore the chemical composition of volatile essential oil of Tagetes minuta and comparison of its allelopathic potential with cis-β-ocimene, a major component of oil. T. minuta L. is an exotic aromatic plant found growing in northern plains and western Himalayas in India. The water distilled essential oil from aerial parts of T. minuta (at flowering stage) was analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis revealed 27 compounds representing 95.73% of the oil. cis-b-Ocimene (44.56%), dihydrotagetone (28.52%), limonene (3.99%) and tagetone (7.42%) were its major compounds. A comparison of allelopathic effect of cis-b-ocimene was made with T. minuta oil using Cassia occidentalis L., a common wasteland weed, as test plant.  Laboratory study included growth studies in the form of germination, seedling length and dry weight of test plant under both treatments i.e. T. minuta oil and cis-b-ocimene. The inhibitory effect of ocimene was more significant as compared to oil. However, highest concentration (20µg/cc) of both treatments was found to be inhibitory with respect to all parameters. 

scholarly journals STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITIONS OF SAGE (SALVIA NEMOROSA L.) COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH WEST OF IRAN AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 934-947
Author(s):  
Elham GHAFIYEHSANJ ◽  
Kamaladdin DILMAGHANI ◽  
Nader CHAPARZADEH ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Primary Habitat

Salvia nemorosa L. or wood sage is a rich source of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites. Considering the importance of this medicinal plant and phytochemical diversity among its populations for local consumption and breeding porpuses this study was performed to determine and compare essential oil (EO) compositions of sage plants collected from four regions in the northwest of Iran including Ahar, Zonouz, Urmia, and Ardabil at two growth stages (vegetative and flowering) to finally demonstrate the effects of growth and location on EO features. The results showed the EO content of flowers in the studied regions were the highest in comparison with vegetative and flowering stages leaves. The percentage and the number of volatile compositions in the OE of flowers were those that presented the highest quantity. In Zonouz, 87.13% and 12 compositions while in Aahar, 80.20%, and 19 compositions. The lowest percentage and the number of volatile compositions in the OE of the flowers were seen in Urmia, 78.56%, and 13 compositions, while in Ardabil, these numbers were 68.61% and 10 compositions, respectively. Caryophyllene oxide had the highest content in all essential oils extracted, being the highest in the flowering stage leaves of the regions of Zonouz, Ardabil, and Urmia, respectively. In Ahar, unlike other areas, the most significant percentage of this compound was in the leaves of the vegetative stage. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes increased in the EO content of the flowers of the Urmia (46.31%), Ardabil (45.60%) and Zonouz (42.59%) regions. In contrast to other areas, for the Ahar region, the highest amount (36.18%) of oxygenated sesquiterpenes was observed in the EO of the leaves of the flowering stage. It can be concluded that different plant growth stages, plant harvest time, environmental conditions, primary habitat, and differences in climatic conditions can contribute to the concentration, type, and percentage of volatile compounds in the salvia EO.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of Thyme (Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (Celak.) Ronniger) Wild Growing in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Erman Duman ◽  
Mehmet Musa Özcan ◽  
Zrira Saadiab ◽  
Mustafa Mete Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The chemical composition of essential oil, which is isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Thymus zygioides growing wild in Turkey, have been determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield on a dry weight basis of aerial parts from T. zygioides was 0.45%. A total of twenty two constituents were identified by GC-MS analyses, the main components representing 92.3% the oil was identified as limonene (24.11%), cis-linalool oxide (22.91%), eucalyptol (8.65%). 3-octonol (7.04%), nerol (4.47%) geranyl acetate (3.19%), carvacrol (2.74%), linalyl propanoate (2.95%) and sabinene (2.23%). The essential oil of T. zygioides was characterized by its high content of limonene (24.11%).

scholarly journals Comparative Preservative Potential of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum from Bambili of the North West and Mbonge of the South West Regions of Cameroon on Scomber scombrus

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Ngwasiri Pride Ndasi ◽  
Tsi Celestine Angu ◽  
Wilson Agwanande Ambindei ◽  
Nantia Akono Edouard ◽  
Diane Youmbi Yimta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West

Essential oils serve as a natural alternative to chemical or synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants to fight against food borne pathogens or spoilage organisms, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and extending the shelf life of fish and other seafood. This study examines the antibacterial properties of essential oils from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. from two localities of the North West and South West of Cameroon on some pathogenic spoilage gram negative and positive bacteria isolated from mackerel, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant effectiveness on the fish quality during preservation for one month at -18oC. The plant materials were harvested from Bambili, the North West Region of Cameroon and from Mbonge, the South West Region of Cameroon and the essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aereus were isolated from mackerel by culture techniques and their susceptibility to the essential oils determined by well diffusion method. Psychrophilic bacteria and Enterobacteraceae counts were used to evaluate the microbiological quality of the fish during storage. Total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays were used as indices to assess the biochemical quality of the fish during storage. Antibacterial susceptibility test showed that essential oils of O. gratissimum from the North West and South West Regions were active on all the tested microorganisms with different degree.The inhibitory diameters for essential oil from the South West Region were 28.0 mm, 27.2 mm and 26.0 mm while that for essential oil from the Bambili were 24.1 mm, 20.4mm and 21.9 mm for Staphylococcus aereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi respectively. At the end of storage periods, the values of Psychrotrophs plate counts, total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances for fish samples treated with essential oil from the Mbonge were 2.71log10cfu/g, 12.88 mgN/100g and 0.88 mgMDA/Kg, while that treated with North West essential oil were 3.00 log10cfu/g, 16.24 mgN/100g and 1.26 mgMDA/Kg respectively. From the obtained results, essential oil of O. gratissimum from the Mbonge was the most effective in preserving Atlantic mackerel.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil From the Aerial Parts ofArtemisia Herba

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nezhadali ◽  
M. Akbarpour ◽  
B. Zarrabi Shirvan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry

The aerial parts of the plant artemisia herba were collected in the May 2007 from Babaaman (North Khorassan Province of Iran). The plant was isolated by hydro distillation. A total of 61 constituents, representing more than 98% of the oil were identified by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main compounds, were alpha-pinene (3.28%), champhene (4.8%), sabinen (5.18%), beta-myrcene (3.04), cis,beta-terpineol (11.31%), camphor (6.11%), 8-hydroxylinalool (2.64%), L-4-terpineol ( 2.5%), alpha- therpineol (2.33%), myrtenol (3.27%), bornyl acetate (6.2%), alpha-terpinol acetate (3.06%), germacrene (2.06%), davanone (8.49%), trans-farnesol (4.27%), cis-fernesol (2.07%) and 1,3,dicyclopentyl cyclopentane (2.29%). This herbal medicine traditionally uses as anti-infectious, anti-bacterial, emmenagogue, parasiticide, digestive and stomachic and gastric tonic in Iran.

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