scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Risk Factors Assessment in Cattle Herds in Jigawa State

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk U. Mohammed ◽  
Salisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ikwe Ajogi ◽  
Bale J. O. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Cattle Herds

A serological survey of Brucella antibodies was carried out in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease and risk factors among some pastoralist cattle herds. A total of 570 cattle of different ages and sexes selected from 20 herds across the four agroecological zones in the state were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme immunoassay. From the results 23 cattle (4.04%) were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test while 22(3.86%) were positive with competitive enzyme immunoassay. The infection rate was higher in females than males. Cattle older than 3 years had a higher prevalence rate compared to age groups 2-3 years, 1-2 years, and less than 1 year. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle densely populated locations. Infection rate differs between herds with larger herds presenting high prevalence due to poor sanitary practice. It is hereby recommended that public enlightenment on adequate control and preventive measures using proper sanitary practice and calf hood vaccination are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Relation to Age in the Urban Population from Chandigarh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Manjula Mehta ◽  
Sonia Bhonchal Bhardwaj ◽  
Jyoti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population

Background: Intestinal parasitic infection is a global health problem particularly in the developing countries with different prevalence rates in different regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in different age groups in the urban population of Chandigarh, India. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included stool samples 504 in number from human subjects from Chandigarh. Unstained wet saline mount preparations of stool sample were done to detect eggs or larvae and iodine wet mount to detect ova/ cysts of tapeworm, Enterobius, Ascaris, Giardia, Trichuris and Hookworm. Results: A high prevalence rate of intestinal parasitosis (73%) was seen. The age group distribution shows a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the young population (age group 21-30 years and 31-40 years). Ascariasis was the most common parasitic infection observed. Conclusion: The present study reveals a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the study population and calls for long term control measures to improve their sanitary and living conditions.

scholarly journals Seasonality, parity rates and transmission indices of Mansonella ozzardi (Manson) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) by Cerqueirellum argentiscutum (Shelley & Luna Dias) (Diptera: Simulidae) in a lower Solimões River community, Amazonas, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Solimões River

Mansonella ozzardi is transmitted by two dipterian families, Ceratopogonidae (midges) and Simuliidae (black flies). In Brazil, black flies are vectors for this filariasis until now. In this paper, we determined the seasonality, parity capacity and parasitic infection rate of Cerqueirellum argentiscutum. The work was carried out in the Porto Japão community, Lower Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil. Results show that the black flies were more abundant during the rainy season (from December to May). The number of parous flies was higher in every sampling during the course of year. Monthly Biting Rate (MBR1 123742.00, MBR2 86701.50) was high, although Parasitic Infection Rate (PIR1 0.06, PIR2 0.08) and Annual Transmission Potential (ATP 7.25) were low in numbers.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy in Native and Nonnative Canadians

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Ross ◽  
Anne McKenna ◽  
Sheila Mozejko ◽  
Gordon H. Fick
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Native Canadian ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

High prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes are being observed in native Canadian communities. It is believed that native populations have a higher prevalence rate of vascular complications than nonnatives. The Southern Alberta Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) examined the prevalence and incidence of DR and associated metabolic abnormalities in native and nonnative subjects. Prevalence rates of DR in type 2 diabetic native and nonnative subjects were identical, with a prevalence rate of 40%. Native subjects with retinopathy, however, tended to have more advanced changes of retinopathy compared to the nonnative subjects. Key factors such as A1c, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, and lipid values were not significantly different between the two cohorts. These data indicate that ethnicity does play a role in the development and severity of DR but potential risk factors that may affect the development of retinopathy are not significantly different between native and nonnative groups.

The general population prevalence of non-organic psychiatric disorders in subjects aged 85 years and over

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea J. Heeren ◽  
Albert M. Van Hemert ◽  
Anne M. Lagaay ◽  
Harry G. M. Rooymans
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Phases

SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders was investigated in all inhabitants over 85 years of age (N = 1259), residing in Leiden, The Netherlands. The study design consisted of two phases. In the first phase the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to screen for potential cases; in the second phase all potential cases and a sample of the non-cases were interviewed with the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). DSM-III diagnoses were made based on the GMS and on information obtained from caregivers. There was a high prevalence of organic disorders of 31% (95% CI: 27–35%). The estimated overall prevalence rate for functional disorders was 8% (95% CI: 4–12%). This is an underestimate because organic and functional disorders are mutually exclusive in DSM-III. The prevalence rate estimated for the population at risk for functional disorders (i.e. the total population minus the organic cases) was 12% (95% CI: 6–18%). This is very similar to prevalence rates for functional disorders found in population based surveys in younger age groups. Therefore, in contrast with the dementias, there appears to be no increase with age for the functional disorders.

scholarly journals High-resolution age-specific mapping of the two-week illness prevalence rate based on the National Health Services Survey and geostatistical analysis: a case study in Guangdong province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchun Wen ◽  
Xiaoliang Huang ◽  
Lifen Feng ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Health Resource Allocation ◽  
Age Structured

Abstract Background The two-week illness prevalence rate is an important and comparable indicator of health service needs. High-spatial-resolution, age-specific risk mapping of this indicator can provide valuable information for health resource allocation. The age-prevalence relationships may be different among areas of the study region, but previous geostatistical models usually ignored the spatial-age interaction. Methods We took Guangdong province, the province with the largest population and economy in China, as a study case. We collected two-week illness data and other potential influencing predictors from the fifth National Health Services Survey in 2013 and other open-access databases. Bayesian geostatistical binary regression models were developed with spatial-age structured random effect, based on which, high-resolution, age-specific two-week illness prevalence rates, as well as number of people reporting two-week illness, were estimated. The equality of health resource distribution was further evaluated based on the two-week illness mapping results and the health supply data. Results The map across all age groups revealed that the highest risk was concentrated in the central (i.e., Pearl River Delta) and northern regions of the province. These areas had a two-week illness prevalence > 25.0%, compared with 10.0–20.0% in other areas. Age-specific maps revealed significant differences in prevalence between age groups, and the age-prevalence relationships also differed across locations. In most areas, the prevalence rates decrease from age 0 to age 20, and then increase gradually. Overall, the estimated age- and population-adjusted prevalence was 16.5% [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 14.5–18.6%], and the estimated total number of people reporting illness within the two-week period was 17.5 million (95% BCI: 15.5–19.8 million) in Guangdong Province. The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient (resulted in 0.3526) showed a moderate level of inequality in health resource distribution. Conclusions We developed a Bayesian geostatistical modeling framework with spatial-age structured effect to produce age-specific, high-resolution maps of the two-week illness prevalence rate and the numbers of people reporting two-week illness in Guangdong province. The methodology developed in this study can be generalized to other global regions with available relevant survey data. The mapping results will support plans for health resource allocation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among People Aged 18 Years and Over between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Deyue Gao ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Peishan Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Urban Males

Background: Recent overweight and obesity prevalence data are lacking for China. Methods: Data were from provincially representative surveys conducted in 2013 and 2018 in Hunan Province, China. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the Chinese standard. Complex sampling weights were considered in statistical analyses. 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of rate was calculated. Results: The overall prevalence rate between 2013 and 2018 significantly increased from 20.81% (95% CI: 17.68–23.95) to 26.97% (95% CI: 23.48–30.45) for overweight and from 4.09% (95% CI: 3.21–4.96) to 7.13% (95% CI: 5.10–9.15) for obesity in Hunan Province of China, respectively. Urban residents and males had higher crude prevalence rates of overweight and obesity than rural residents and females in 2013 and in 2018. Notably, the peak age groups of overweight and obesity both became younger between 2013 and 2018. After controlling for Engel coefficient, level of education and frequency of physical exercise per week, the overweight prevalence significantly increased in urban males aged 65+ (adjusted OR: 1.52) and rural males aged 45–54 years (adjusted OR: 1.52) and 65+ (adjusted OR: 1.88) and the obesity prevalence rate rose significantly in many groups (urban males: 18–24 years, 25–34 years, 35–44 years and 55–64 years; urban females: 25–34 years, 35–44 years, 45–54 years; rural males: 18–24 years, 25–34 years; rural females: 35–44 years, 55–64 years), with adjusted OR varying from 1.56 to 5.52. Conclusion: The adult prevalence rates of overweight and obesity significantly increased between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan Province, China. The increasing prevalence rates and varying prevalence changes across groups warrantee further research and policy interventions.

scholarly journals Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Infection in Children of Barbhanjyang VDC, Tanahun District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Tara Dahal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Cellophane Tape ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Percent Female

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children of Barbhanjyang Village Development Committee, Tanahun, District, Nepal. A total of 110 Scotch tape (Cellophane tape) samples of children aged between 1-12 years were collected and microscopically examined. Altogether 14(12.72%) enterobias prevalence cases were reported in children including sixteen percent male and nine percent female cases. High prevalence of pinworm infection was the age group of 5-8 years (5.45%). The infection rate was significantly associated with ethnic groups (?2 =11.824, df=2, P=0.003) since the prevalence rate was highest in Dalit children (64.28%) compared to others. Itching behaviour of children around the perianal regions was directly associated with the prevalence rate of the pinworm (P=0.0325). Nail biting habit of children was also found to be statistically significant (P=0.024).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 18-21

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Patients Visiting Nepal Police Hospital in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Rajbhandari ◽  
Sundar Prasad Hyoju ◽  
Lisasha Poudel ◽  
Anurag Adhikari ◽  
Badri Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: The growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical threat for global health,including in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu District, where diabetic patients are increasing in hospitals catastrophically. This study tends to assess the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes among admitted patients visiting a hospital in Kathmandu. Methods: An electronic chart review was done to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in NepalPolice hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health ResearchCouncil. Considering eligibility criteria, 8631 cases from 4 May 2018 to 31 August 2020 wereobserved. The calculated sample size was 500. However, all diabetic cases, i.e., 576, were processedand analyzed using Python and later visualized using MS Excel. Results: The overall prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 6.67%. The prevalence rate was seen higher among males (7.5%). Similarly, a high prevalence rate was seen among 64-73 years, i.e., 15.10%. Conclusions: The findings showed a high prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. Older age groups are athigh risk. Urgent public health interventions including lifestyle modification measures are requiredto reduce the extra burden of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Seroprevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Oman

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
M.A. Idris ◽  
S.S. Al-Jaedy ◽  
S.H.S. Al-Dhahry
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference

The prevalence of Toxoplasma 1gG antibodies was studied in three age groups (children. blood donors and pregnant women) in Oman. The highest prevalence rate was shown by pregnant women (39.5%). followed by children (2l%) and lastly by blood donors ( I0. 5%). Prevalence rates were analyzed by age groups and showed no significant difference. Furthermore. a comparative sensitivity analysis between the three tests, ELISA 1gG. DA and MEIA Toxo 1gG was performed. There was no significant difference between them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document