scholarly journals Solar-Driven Air-Conditioning Cycles: A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Abu-Zour ◽  
S. B. Riffat
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Ozone Depletion Potential

Most conventional cooling/refrigeration systems are driven by fossil fuel combustion, and therefore give rise to emission of environmentally damaging pollutants. In addition, many cooling systems employ refrigerants, which are also harmful to the environment in terms of their Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). Development of a passive or hybrid solar-driven air-conditioning system is therefore of interest as exploitation of such systems would reduce the demand for grid electricity particularly at times of peak load. This paper presents a review of various cooling cycles and summarises work carried out on solar-driven air-conditioning systems. 

The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mittal ◽  
KS Kasana ◽  
NS Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.

scholarly journals Energy-focused substantiation of the choice of an air conditioning system for an office and shopping building

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Frolova ◽  
◽  
Pavel I. Lukhmenev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Conventional Cooling

Introduction. The air conditioning system is the main consumer of electricity inside office and shopping buildings. The coo­ling needs arise inside such buildings all over the year due to high amounts of heat emitted by people and equipment (computers, office equipment, cash registers), solar radiation (the envelopes of the majority of these buildings have continuous glazed facades) and sources of artificial lighting. A conventional cooling system has a compressor and condensers. The most important step towards an optimized and low-energy cooling system is the abandonment of compressor and condensers; in addition, the cold extracted from the outdoor air, is used in the system. This cooling technique is called an atmospheric co­oling system. The climatic features of Russia allow for a large-scale application of the cooling technology that uses natural cold. However, for a start, a decision was made to focus on a central region of the Russian Federation, namely, Moscow, rather than any northern areas of the country. Materials and methods. The problem is solved by the calculation method applied to the case of a 35-storey office building in Moscow. Various outdoor temperature options were considered as the bases for a transition to an atmospheric cooling system. The co-authors also compare different installation options for dry coolers, which in turn affect the routing length of refrigeration circuits. The annual demand for cold is calculated for all analyzed options. Results. Some results are presented in the form of tables of annual energy consumption by different types of air cooling systems. Conclusions. The co-authors have found that the location of dry coolers strongly affects the power consumption by a co­oling system. Power consumption by cooling systems was analyzed, and it was found out that transition to machine refrigeration at the higher outdoor temperature of +8 °C is more efficient from the standpoint of energy efficiency than the same transition at +5 and 0 °C.

scholarly journals Performance assessment of alternate refrigerants for retrofitting R22 based air conditioning system

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Saeed ◽  
Shafiq Qureshi ◽  
Khurram Hashmi ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Syed Danish
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Expansion Valve ◽  
Exergy Performance ◽  
Lower Discharge ◽  
Ozone Depletion Potential

The performance of zero ozone depletion potential refrigerants is investigated when retrofitted in R22 based air conditioning system. The options evaluated are R407C, R417A, R422D, R427A, and R438A. In order to arrive at most suitable alternative(s) to R22, energy and exergy performance of candidate refrigerants is carried out and compared against that of R22. The COP and exergy efficiencies showed that none of selected refrigerant is as efficient as R22 however their values suggests that each may be considered as potential substitute for retrofitting. Having comparable COP to others but low cooling capacity of R417A makes it less attractive. With comparatively reduced COP, lowest exergy efficiency and highest mass-flow rate, makes R422D the least desirable option. The R407C, R427A, and R438A emerged as most attractive substitutes. The lower discharge temperatures of substitutes will enhance the compressor life. Further, for substitutes there may be a possible change out of expansion valve.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of desiccant dehumidification based thermoelectric air-conditioning system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Maheswari ◽  
◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Yogesh K. Prajapati ◽  
Niraj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Desiccant Wheel ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Te Modules

Vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) based conventional cooling systems run on the high amount of electricity and refrigerants responsible for greenhouse emissions. To save the environment and high-grade energy, traditional cooling systems should be replaced with some environment-friendly alternative. This paper proposed alternative eco-friendly air-conditioning systems based on an amalgam of two different technologies, i.e., desiccant dehumidification and thermoelectric (TE) cooling. The proposed air-conditioning system has the following subprocess: dehumidification of moist air by the solid desiccant wheel, cooling of processed air by TE modules, and regeneration of desiccant wheel by an electric heater and waste heat from TE modules. The air conditioning system has been experimentally studied for cooling performance, cooling effect, and energy input. The maximum coefficient of performance of 0.865 can be achieved with the proposed system, and it can be used for cooling effects up to 1442.24 W to maintain the human comfort condition in the chamber i.e. approximately 22 ℃ and RH 50% defined by ASHRAE.

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Studies on the Development of Desiccant Air-conditioning Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Hossein Fatahian ◽  
Hesamoddin Salarian ◽  
Esmaeel Fatahian
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
First Time

In the past decades, desiccant cooling systems have received much attention. These systems are considered as an alternative way to decrease energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in humid and hot locations. To address the importance of desiccant air-conditioning systems, the present research aims to provide an overview of recent studies on the development of desiccant air conditioning system. Another objective is to consider the numerical and theoretical analysis of desiccant systems. Moreover, for the first time, a summary of recent researches regarding the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique for numerical modeling of desiccant cooling systems has been especially reviewed in detail. Finally, in the present review, the principle of regeneration of liquid desiccant using solar energy have also been considered briefly.

ANALYSIS OF COMPETING VARIANTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS WITHOUT AIR EXTRACTION FROM ENGINES AT THE STAGE OF PASSENGER AIRCRAFT ONBOARD SYSTEMS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Denis Igorevich Smagin ◽  
Konstantin Igorevich Starostin ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Savelyev ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Satin ◽  
Anastasiya Romanovna Neveshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Research University ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

One of the ways to achieve safety and comfort is to improve on-board air conditioning systems.The use of air cooling machine determines the air pressure high level at the point of selection from the aircraft engine compressor. Because of the aircraft operation in different modes and especially in the modes of small gas engines, deliberately high stages of selection have to be used for ensuring proper operation of the refrigeration machine in the modes of the aircraft small gas engines. Into force of this, most modes of aircraft operation have to throttle the pressure of the selected stage of selection, which, together with the low efficiency of the air cycle cooling system, makes the currently used air conditioning systems energy inefficient.A key feature of the architecture without air extraction from the main engines compressors is the use of electric drive compressors as a source of compressed air.A comparative analysis of competing variants of on-board air conditioning system without air extraction from engines for longrange aircraft projects was performed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).The article deals with the main approaches to the decision-making process on the appearance of a promising aircraft on-board air conditioning system at the stage of its conceptual design and formulated the basic requirements for the structure of a complex criterion at different life cycle stages.The level of technical and technological risk, together with a larger installation weight, will require significant costs for development, testing, debugging and subsequent implementation, but at the same time on-board air conditioning system scheme without air extraction from the engines will achieve a significant increase in fuel efficiency at the level of the entire aircraft.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadas Narayanan ◽  
Edward Halawa ◽  
Sanjeev Jain
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Cooling Systems

Air conditioning accounts for up to 50% of energy use in buildings. Increased air-conditioning-system installations not only increase total energy consumption but also raise peak load demand. Desiccant evaporative cooling systems use low-grade thermal energy, such as solar energy and waste heat, instead of electricity to provide thermal comfort. This system can potentially lead to significant energy saving, reduction in carbon emissions, and it has a low dew-point operation and large capacity range. Their light weight, simplicity of design, and close-to-atmospheric operation make them easy to maintain. This paper evaluates the applicability of this technology to the climatic conditions of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specifically for the residential sector. Given the subtropical climate of Brisbane, where humidity levels are not excessively high during cooling periods, the numerical study shows that such a system can be a potential alternative to conventional compression-based air-conditioning systems. Nevertheless, the installation of such a system in Brisbane’s climate zone requires careful design, proper selection of components, and a cheap heat source for regeneration. The paper also discusses the economy-cycle options for this system in such a climate and compares its effectiveness to natural ventilation.

Effect of Air Conditioning Position on Thermal Comfort in the Floor Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Y.A. Sabtalistia ◽  
S.N.N. Ekasiwi ◽  
B. Iskandriawan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Diffusion

Energy consumption for air conditioning systems (air conditioning system) increased along with the increasing need for fresh air and comfortable in the room especially apartments. FAC system (Floor Air Conditioning) is growing because it is more energy efficient than CAC (Ceiling Air Conditioning) system. However, the position of the AC supply is on the lower level at the FAC system causes draft discomfort becomes greater as air supply closer to the occupants so that thermal comfort can be reduced. Heat mixture of windows, exterior walls, kitchen, and occupants in the studio apartment affect thermal comfort in the room too.This study aims to determine the position of the AC supply which has the best thermal comfort of FAC system in the studio apartment. It can be done by analyzing ADPI (Air Diffusion Performance Index), the distribution of air temperature, wind speed, RH (Relative Humidity), and DR (Draft Risk) to change the position of the AC supply supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.This result prove that AC position 2 (on wall near the kitchen) is more comfortable than AC position 1 (on the bathroom wall) because AC position 2 away from occupied areas, thereby reducing the occurrence of draught discomfort.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort control via air conditioning system using fuzzy neural network feedback controller

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Somaye A. Mohamadi ◽  
Abdulraheem J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

<span>Despite their complexity and uncertainty, air conditioning systems should provide the optimal thermal conditions in a building. These controller systems should be adaptable to changes in environmental parameters. In most air conditioning systems, today, there are On/Off controllers or PID in more advanced types, which, due to different environmental conditions, are not optimal and cannot provide the optimal environmental conditions. Controlling thermal comfort of an air conditioning system requires estimation of thermal comfort index. In this study, fuzzy controller was used to provide thermal comfort in an air conditioning system, and neural network was used to estimate thermal comfort in the feedback path of the controller. Fuzzy controller has a good response given the non-linear features of air conditioning systems. In addition, the neural network makes it possible to use thermal comfort feedback in a real-time control.</span>

scholarly journals Choice of sanitary-indicative microorganisms for the assessment of the safety of split-systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
U. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
S. E. Shibanov ◽  
Sergey V. Kozulya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Split Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose of work is a compilation of data about the microflora which colonizes a split-system, with the aim of selection of sanitary-indicative microorganisms, whose presence in the sample would indicate to the need for cleaning and disinfection of split-systems. Materials and methods. In the article there were used data of five years author’s scientific inquiry, related to the prevention of respiratory diseases, associated with the usage of a local air conditioning systems. We also use the data from the literature. Results. For selection of “indicative” microorganisms, we proposed the usage of nine criteria, each of them have numeric value from 0 to 3 points (risk for health, prevalence rate of the disease, epidemiological link, speed of split system’s colonization, difficulty of cultivation, resistance in the environment, resistance to disinfectants, frequency of detection in home air conditioning systems, frequency of detection in air conditioning systems of public buildings). After the calculation Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus received maximal score (20 points). Therefore, these two types of bacteria are indicative microorganisms. The detection of these microorganisms in split systems will indicate to the contamination of air-conditioning system. This microflora also is a criterion of cleaning and disinfection quality - presence of these microorganisms in the samples after this process will mean that the processing of air conditioning systems was performed poorly. Conclusions. Split systems are very faster colonized by conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. To prevent the possible hazard for population’s health it is necessary to develop the normative base, according to which sanitary-and-hygienic control over the split-systems working must be carried out. Proposed criteria suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are indicative microorganisms, and it’s identification in the air-conditioning system would mean risk for health and necessity for cleaning and disinfection.

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