scholarly journals Concept of British Commonwealth in Activities of Round Table Group at Beginning of ХХ Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 449-462
Author(s):  
A. V. Sagimbaev
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Governing System ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
British Commonwealth

Some aspects of the complex intellectual discussion that accompanied the transformation of the British colonial system at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Based on the analysis of published works, a generalized description of the conceptual views of the members of the “Round Table” group regarding the formation of the political and legal foundations of the British Commonwealth, as well as the development of close cooperation between Great Britain and self-governing dominions is given. At the same time, special attention is paid to the study of the practical significance of the ideas of A. Milner, L. Curtis and other intellectuals who were part of the group of intellectuals for transforming the forms and methods of managing the vast domains of the British crown. This transformation was due to a complex of factors of a socio-economic, political, moral and psychological nature, which Great Britain was forced to face in the first decades of the 20th century. It is noted that the changes that took place in the governing system of the largest colonial empire in history, among other things, contributed to the subsequent formation of mechanisms of international influence, which at the beginning of the 21st century were called “soft power”. It is shown that, on the other hand, in their theoretical constructions A. Milner and his followers strove to preserve the continuity of the ideology of imperialism, which gained popularity in the British establishment in the late Victorian period. 

scholarly journals The Rethinking of Great Britain’s Role: From the World Empire to the Nation State

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
O. Zernetska
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Global State ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
British Commonwealth Of Nations ◽  
Different Parts

In the article, it is stated that Great Britain had been the biggest empire in the world in the course of many centuries. Due to synchronic and diachronic approaches it was detected time simultaneousness of the British Empire’s development in the different parts of the world. Different forms of its ruling (colonies, dominions, other territories under her auspice) manifested this phenomenon.The British Empire went through evolution from the First British Empire which was developed on the count mostly of the trade of slaves and slavery as a whole to the Second British Empire when itcolonized one of the biggest states of the world India and some other countries of the East; to the Third British Empire where it colonized countries practically on all the continents of the world. TheForth British Empire signifies the stage of its decomposition and almost total down fall in the second half of the 20th century. It is shown how the national liberation moments starting in India and endingin Africa undermined the British Empire’s power, which couldn’t control the territories, no more. The foundation of the independent nation state of Great Britain free of colonies did not lead to lossof the imperial spirit of its establishment, which is manifested in its practical deeds – Organization of the British Commonwealth of Nations, which later on was called the Commonwealth, Brexit and so on.The conclusions are drawn that Great Britain makes certain efforts to become a global state again.

Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Commonwealth

This chapter examines the history of Great Britain, the British Commonwealth, and the end of the British Empire in the twentieth century, suggesting that the twentieth century ended in Britain as it began, with the constitutional structure of the United Kingdom a contested and vital subject of public discourse. It concludes that the transitions that characterised the Empire-Commonwealth over the twentieth century were ultimately constrained within the due process of British constitutionalism.

scholarly journals Experiences with Railway Regulation in Great Britain and the Czech Republic – Round Table Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Chris Nash ◽  
Zdeněk Tomeš ◽  
Monika Jandová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Round Table ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Viable Solution

Abstract The aim of the Round Table was to compare British and Czech experiences with railway regulation and competition introduction and to determine which lessons can be learnt. Special attention was paid to the question of whether the very complex British reform can be an inspiration for further liberalisation of the railway sector in the Czech Republic or whether there are any reform mistakes that are best avoided. Based on two introductory presentations and subsequent plenary discussion, some consensus emerged. The participants agreed that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to railway regulation and that the introduction of competition should take into account the different circumstances of a particular country. Franchising in passenger operations in Britain successfully stimulated demand but also increased costs to the industry, so its implementation should be completed with care. It seems very unlikely that open-access competition would be a viable solution for the whole passenger rail market because it is limited to a few commercially attractive routes, and as Czech experience suggests, it creates many new problems. Finally, it was confirmed that a strong and dedicated regulator is needed in a newly liberalised environment in order to solve many emerging conflicts and disputes.

scholarly journals THE CELTIC REVIVAL IN GREAT BRITAIN (MID-XVIII - EARLY XX CENTURIES): IDENTITY AND MEMORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-592
Author(s):  
N.F. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Celtic Revival ◽  
British Commonwealth

The article is devoted to the Celtic revival, a movement related to the cultural development of the British Isles and the construction of their regional identities on the basis of the ancient past. The author carries out a comparative analysis of this process on the example of the inhabitants of Scotland, Ireland and Wales, revealing the features of their self-identification in the middle of the XVIII - early XX centuries. The article attempts to identify the reasons for the beginning of the Celtic revival and establish its exact chronological framework. The author comes to the conclusion that the residents of Scotland and Wales sought to become full-fledged members of the "British Commonwealth" and take a worthy place in it. The revival of images of the Celtic past in the memory of the peoples of these regions was focused on the preservation of identity, while in Ireland - on the struggle for independence, and in England - on the glorification and protection of imperialism.

scholarly journals The Genesis of Higher Education Internationalisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. А. Smaliakou
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. Nowadays, scientific and educational community underestimates the importance of fundamental research in the field of internationalisation of higher education. Meanwhile, the definition of the philosophical foundations of this phenomenon can shed light on the nature and rules of its development. In this regard, the research of such a fundamental problem as its genesis may affect further affords in the field of its justification, determination of ultimate goals and mechanisms of implementation, as well as interpretation of its ethical, political and spiritual aspects of international academic mobility.The aim of the research was to reveal the real reasons and conditions of internationalisation as a new level of higher education, public and supranational policy.Methodology and research methods. The present research is based on the methodological framework of critical analysis through the retrospective, reflexive, comparative types of analysis, the methods of synthesis, generalisation and systematisation of various scientific points of view.Results and scientific novelty. At present, the philosophical aspects of higher education internationalisation are developed by a small number of scientists, who view its genesis from the perspective of globalisation. Three options are identified: internationalisation as a part of globalisation; internationalisation as a response to the challenges of its development; internationalisation as a phenomenon, which precedes global transformations. In each of these approaches, internationalisation acts as a space of interaction of national actors opposing the unification processes. Meanwhile, the countries-leaders of internationalisation rather act themselves as unifiers, calling into question all theories of the background of the under-discussed phenomenon. The author takes into account the following premises: the destruction of world colonial system and the end of the Cold war, which have actualised the integration agenda in Europe at the end of the 20th century. New international agenda, based on neighborhood strategy and integration, has required not only the development of accustomed horizontal communication, but also the development of vertical communication. The request for time has led to the rise of higher education internationalisation, which replaced the idea of “soft power” and generated national interests, in particular, through channelling of excessive educational resources abroad. When state subjectivity gained the importance of basic value in Europe and in international communication in general, the process of internationalisation was required. Such process increased pan-European competitiveness by combining the efforts of different countries.Practical significance. A clearer understanding of the genesis and the nature of the internationalisation process of higher education will avoid the use of resources at the level of both specific institutions and national institutions and, more importantly, will help to overcome the obstacles to the development of educational systems.

scholarly journals Anti-Corruption Education of University Students: Forms and Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Armen K. Esayan ◽  
◽  
Yuriy V. Truntsevskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Research Analysis

Purpose. To justify the need to improve the forms of anti-corruption education and the differentiation of its content. Methodology: methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, deduction, induction) and empirical methods (observation, measurement) that provide knowledge of the subject of research. Conclusions. Regardless of the form in which anti-corruption education is conducted, it is necessary for students to understand the unacceptability of corruption in any of its manifestations and to increase the level of corruption awareness, ethical culture in society, and especially among young people. Anti-corruption training and moral education in a broader sense should start with the younger generation. As the future of society, a young generation that values a culture of integrity is fundamental to fighting corruption in the long term. The more they are determined to live by the principles of honesty, justice and openness, the more likely they are to resist corruption. Scientific and practical significance. The aim of the study is to develop theoretical and legal approaches to the assessment of anti-corruption education at various levels of its implementation. In the article, the authors touch upon the legal foundations of anticorruption education of students, reveal the features of the content of training courses on anti-corruption issues and morality, depending on the level of education.

The ‘South’ as a Moving Target: Europe’s Debt to the Former Colonies

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-185
Author(s):  
Peter Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Formal Concept ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
The Uk

Ireland is not normally conceived as being located south of the neighbouring Great Britain, nor of Europe, but this chapter suggests that it could be. Towards that end, the dispute over the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union is briefly discussed in light of the difficulties of separating political entities in our time of high global interconnectedness. Subsequently, the UK-EU dispute is compared to the separation of Algeria from France and the exit of South Africa from the British Commonwealth, opening the path towards pluralizing the notion of the “South”. Such pluralization allows the investigation of historically formed asymmetric relations between societies beyond the formal concept of colonialism. Against this background, the transformation of the relation between EU countries and their former colonies from the 1970s onwards is analyzed in terms of attempts to re-regulate the relation between Europe and its South after decolonization. These attempts aim at drawing clear lines of separation, but they keep failing because the South reveals itself as a moving target, impossible to confine to a restricted space. Thus, in conclusion, current Northward migration and climate change are discussed in terms of global social and ecological injustice the significance of which Europe cannot deny.

The Role of International Organizations in Restricting the Use of Humanitarian Intervention for Political Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Adel Hamzah OTHMAN
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Emergency Situations

Humanitarian intervention is often seen as a factor of increasing the level of political presence in one state by another due to its impact on socio-economic processes. Moreover, the presence of the state itself and its government or army is not required. International organizations are used in most cases. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that humanitarian intervention is now understood as an instrument of soft power, coupled with the use of the international community in the context of cross-cutting information. The novelty of the article is determined by the fact that humanitarian intervention is considered not only as an instrument of political influence, but also as a mechanism for participation in the economic environment of society. The paper shows that under the conditions of the distribution of crisis economic phenomena, humanitarian intervention can only aggravate the situation of the state. It was determined that the most effective tool to increase the political rating of other state is the recovery period after emergency situations. The authors show the mechanism for using the mandatory procedures for the restoration of the country using a political instrument from the most financially secure states. The practical significance of the paper is determined by the need to form a mechanism for differentiating the political impact in the process of restoring the state after an emergency.

scholarly journals GEORGE PADMORE AND THE SOVIET MODEL OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 531-559
Author(s):  
THEO WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
Soviet Model

This article argues for an appreciation of the permeability of the Western socialist and black radical traditions and a recognition of their codevelopment. This relationship is illustrated through an analysis of George Padmore's intellectual history, particularly focusing on How Russia Transformed Her Colonial Empire (1946), in which Padmore applied Marxist ideas to his project of colonial liberation. The book functions as Padmore's manifesto for the transformation of the British Empire into a socialist federation following the model of the Soviet Union. Through comparisons with the manifestos of British socialist F. A. Ridley and American pan-Africanist W. E. B. Du Bois, this article contextualizes this manifesto within a moment of postwar internationalist optimism. This approach also facilitates a discussion of the meaning of “pan-Africanism” to Padmore, concluding that pan-Africanism was, for him, a methodology through which colonial liberation, and eventually world socialism, could be achieved.

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