scholarly journals Numerical Assessment of a Sustainable Blast Protection Wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Ali Ghalib ◽  
Assal Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Blast Protection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blast Response ◽  
Plane Displacement

Terrorist attacks have increased in the past few years in different countries. Explosions are problem that has significant impact on human life, as well as the social and economic situations. Engineers have designed targeted structures to mitigate blast effects. However, design blast-resistant systems is pricey and not suitable choice in most cases. Therefore, install blast barriers to protect occupants and instructed can reduce casualties and losses. Most current studies have investigated the performance of multi-layer composite blast barriers composed of advanced materials, which is not only costly, but require skilled labour to construct. The present study conducts numerical analysis of eco-friendly composite blast protection wall to mitigate blast. The wall structure consists of two face-sheet of adobe brick and core layer of crushed recycled aggregate. The analysis framework includes three different blast wall models using ABAQUS®. The explosive charge of 1-kilogram TNT is placed at different standoff distances from 0.25 to 4.0 meter in front of the wall. The authors conclude sustainable materials to design blast barriers could be effective in reducing the intensity of explosions in certain blast scenarios. The thickness of the core layer and standoff distance have the main contribution to identify the blast response of the blast wall. For instance, the calculated out-of-plane displacement results showed when 1- kg TNT place at 0.5-m from the wall, and thickness of the core increases from 30-cm to 60-cm, the displacement decreases by 38.74%. While the acceleration decreases by 75% for the same range of increase of thickness of the core layer. The present study calls researchers to investigate the performance of low-cost, and environment-friendly materials to attenuate abnormal loads wether are man-made or natural hazards.

Coreless Substrate Design, Assembly and Reliability for High Speed Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001486-001513
Author(s):  
Jon Aday ◽  
Nozad Karim ◽  
Mike Devita ◽  
Steven Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Reliability Data ◽  
The Core

There are 2 primary drivers for advanced substrate technologies to support the next generation of products. One driver is silicon designs which are shifting to 20–40 GBit applications. The band width of these products are requiring advanced materials, and designs which use much thinner cores making routing and manufacturing of these packages easier. The second driver is the move more advanced silicon nodes which also drives the importance for much better power delivery. Coreless substrates enable both of these applications by eliminating the core layer which enables much finner via pitchs to route signals and power/gnd planes. The thinness also reduces the bandwidth used up by the substrate which also enables better electrical performance. This paper will focus on the electrical drivers including simulation to support the structure, flip chip assembly of the package as well as the reliability data associated with the assembly.

Graphene ink for 3D extrusion micro printing of chemo-resistive sensing devices for volatile organic compound detection

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5356-5368
Author(s):  
Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Tran Thanh Tung ◽  
Nathan Stanley ◽  
Pei Lay Yap ◽  
Farzaneh Farivar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Electronic Sensors

Printed electronic sensors offer a breakthrough in the availability of low-cost devices for improving the quality of human life. Conductive ink is the core of printing technology and is one of the fastest growing ink industries.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Recycled Aggregate by Microbial-Induced Mineralization and Deposition of Calcium Carbonate—Influencing Factors, Mechanism and Effect of Reinforcement

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Chunhua Feng ◽  
Buwen Cui ◽  
Haidong Ge ◽  
Yihong Huang ◽  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Recycled aggregate is aggregate prepared from construction waste. With the development of a global economy and people’s attention to sustainable development, recycled aggregate has shown advantages in replacing natural aggregate in the production of concrete due to its environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and low cost. Recycled aggregate exhibits high water absorption and a multi-interface transition zone, which limits its application scope. Researchers have used various methods to improve the properties of recycled aggregate, such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology. In this paper, the results of recent studies on the reinforcement of recycled aggregate by MICP technology are synthesized, and the factors affecting the strengthening effect of recycled aggregate are reviewed. Moreover, the strengthening mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of MICP technology are summarized. After the modified treatment, the aggregate performance is significantly improved. Regardless of whether the aggregate was used in mortar or concrete, the mechanical properties of the specimens were clearly improved. However, there are some issues regarding the application of MICP technology, such as the use of an expensive culture medium, a long modification cycle, and untargeted mineralization deposition. These difficulties need to be overcome in the future for the industrialization of regenerated aggregate materials via MICP technology.

scholarly journals Methods of Respiratory Virus Detection: Advances towards Point-of-Care for Early Intervention

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Siming Lu ◽  
Sha Lin ◽  
Hongrui Zhang ◽  
Liguo Liang ◽  
Shien Shen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
New Strategies

Respiratory viral infections threaten human life and inflict an enormous healthcare burden worldwide. Frequent monitoring of viral antibodies and viral load can effectively help to control the spread of the virus and make timely interventions. However, current methods for detecting viral load require dedicated personnel and are time-consuming. Additionally, COVID-19 detection is generally relied on an automated PCR analyzer, which is highly instrument-dependent and expensive. As such, emerging technologies in the development of respiratory viral load assays for point-of-care (POC) testing are urgently needed for viral screening. Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), biosensors, nanotechnology-based paper strips and microfluidics offer new strategies to develop a rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly respiratory viral monitoring platform. In this review, we summarized the traditional methods in respiratory virus detection and present the state-of-art technologies in the monitoring of respiratory virus at POC.

scholarly journals Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Machine ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Breaking Effect ◽  
Planar Chirality ◽  
Conical Shape ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Molecular Rings

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host–guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water. Consequently, CD-based host–guest complexes are often employed as templates for the synthesis of mechanically bonded molecules (mechanomolecules) such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and polyrotaxanes in particular. The conical shape and cyclodirectionality of the CD “bead” gives rise to a symmetry-breaking effect when it is threaded onto a molecular “string”; even symmetrical guests are rendered asymmetric by the presence of an encircling CD host. This review focuses on the stereochemical implications of this symmetry-breaking effect in mechanomolecules, including orientational isomerism, mechanically planar chirality, and topological chirality, as well as how they support applications in regioselective and stereoselective chemical synthesis, the design of molecular machine prototypes, and the development of advanced materials.

2. Speaking of God in the Post-Human Era: An Examination of Radical Life Extension in Relation to Key Theological Concepts and Narratives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Barton
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Function ◽  
Radical Life Extension ◽  
The Way ◽  
Changing World

Rapid advancements in radical life extension technologies contribute to humanity’s ever-changing world. The normalization of radical life extension technologies would signify that the present era in which biology and evolution act as dictators of human life and health would come to an end, thereby ushering in the age of the post-human. The purpose of this paper is to engage in a theological analysis of how and to what degree the ways in which humanity speaks about God could be changed or influenced if radical life extension becomes normative within society. . It is likely that this powerful technology would have a significant impact on many facets of culture, including the way in which humanity engages with religion, in particular Christianity. To accomplish this, the technology that could potentially support radical life extension, namely nanotechnology and cybernetic immortality, will be explained in terms of their relevance and function. Subsequently, the affects of radical life extension for human life will be addressed. Specifically, the implications of the partial or full eradication of human biological and psychological suffering and death through the use of cybernetic immortality and nanotechnology and will be considered. From there, the core theological concepts and narratives will be analyzed in the context of the potential actualization of radical life extension technology. A focus will be placed on the ethic of loving thy neighbour, Christ’s suffering on the cross, the hope of salvation and the Christian hope of entrance into heaven after death. 

scholarly journals Quantifying Soil Compaction in Persimmon Orchards Using ISUM (Improved Stock Unearthing Method) and Core Sampling Methods

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Moradi ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Enric Terol ◽  
Gaspar Mora-Navarro ◽  
Alexandre Marco da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Sampling ◽  
Core Method

Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.

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