scholarly journals Environmental factors influencing Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis Infection in Mwea, Kirinyaga County Kenya: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Judy Mwai ◽  
Jarim Oduor Omogi ◽  
Mohamed H. Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

Background: Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Kenya. Environmental factors are critical in creating a medium for growth and spread of schistosomiasis vectors. The study investigated the environmental factors influencing prevention and control of schistosomiasis infection in Mwea West Sub County, Kirinyaga County-Kenya. Methods: A multi stage sampling was used to identify four hundred and sixty-five (465) household. Analytical descriptive cross-sectional design that utilised quantitative data collection method was used. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and analysed using Chi square tests or Fisher’s exact tests where applicable. Results: Study results indicated a significant association p<.001 between household level of education, members being affected by floods during the rainy season and schistosomiasis infection. The result further indicates level of significance (p<0.047) in the association between sources of water in a household and schistosomiasis infection. No level of significance was posted between having a temporary water body in the area p (=.072) and schistosomiasis infection. In addition, there was no significant association between proximity to the nearest water source, p=.074 and proximity to the nearest health facility p=0.356 with schistosomiasis infection. Conclusions: The study recommends carefully designing safe water sources in order to match the goal of effectively controlling and reversing the trends of schistosomiasis infections. The community should be made aware of the risk factors of schistosomiasis including water utilised in the household’s alongside raising health seeking behaviours for diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis as a way of reducing the spread of infection.

Taking action on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Bhutan by strengthening gross national happiness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Gyambo Sithey ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Jayendra Sharma ◽  
Karma Lhazin ◽  
Mu Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gross National Happiness ◽  
National Happiness ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problem in Bhutan, accounting for 68% of total deaths. The growing epidemic of NCDs threatens the achievement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). NCDs are the results of complex interaction of social and economic risk factors and change in diet and lifestyle. Effective action to prevent and control these diseases requires a whole-of-government approach.In this paper we review new evidence to support political priority for NCDs in Bhutan. One third of the Bhutanese are overweight (33%) and hypertensive (35.7), and 6.4% are diabetic. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is also very high. We also present the analysis of strategic policy opportunities for health sector to integrate the ‘Multisectoral national action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2015-2020’ into policies across all relevant sectors. Our analysis has identified three specific opportunities for the health sector to engage strategically to strengthen action on NCDs and GNH, concurrently: 1) raising priority actions on NCDs within the existing GNH multisectoral committee, to achieve both health and happiness objectives; 2) identifying shared agenda between NCDs and GNH to achieve both health and happiness objectives; and 3) identifying shared GNH determinants between NCDs and GNH to enhance action on NCDs. Addressing NCDs aligns with the optimization of Gross National Happiness. It is imperative that the Government of Bhutan recognize that action on NCDs is an integral element for achieving GNH.

scholarly journals Prevalence and temporal trend (2005–2015) of anaemia among children in Northeast Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Coeli da Silva Vieira ◽  
Aline Roberta Silva do Livramento ◽  
Monique Suiane Cavalcante Calheiros ◽  
Carla Mariana Xavier Ferreira ◽  
Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moderate Magnitude

AbstractObjectiveAnaemia is the main nutritional deficiency in Brazil, and a prevention and control programme (National Program for Iron Supplementation) has been developed since 2005. Studies on the temporal evolution of anaemia prevalence contribute to assessment of the effectiveness of the actions undertaken. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and temporal trend of anaemia in children.DesignStudy based on two cross-sectional household surveys carried out in 2005 and 2015. Anaemia was defined as Hb<11 g/dl (HemoCue®). Trend analysis was performed using the prevalence ratio (PR), calculated by Poisson regression with a robust adjustment of the variance. Differences were significant when P<0·05 in both crude analyses and those adjusted for possible confounding factors (e.g. socio-economic, demographic and health variables).SettingAlagoas, Brazil.SubjectsIn total, 666 and 782 children in the first and second Alagoas State Health and Nutrition Survey, respectively (probabilistic samples).ResultsIn 2005 and 2015, anaemia prevalence was 45·1 and 27·4 %, respectively (−39·1 %; PR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·70). In both surveys, children aged ≤24 months were more affected (P<0·01) than those aged >24 months (67·2 v. 40·7 %; 27·0 v. 19·3 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anaemia reduced significantly in the evaluated period. Thus, it may no longer be a severe public health problem but can instead be considered a problem of moderate magnitude. It remains, however, above the level considered acceptable according to WHO criteria. These results justify the implementation of prevention and control actions.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue fever in 2011–2016 in Bang Phae district, Ratchaburi province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009513
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kyungah Lim ◽  
Pornthep Chanthavanich ◽  
Kriengsak Limkittikul ◽  
Jung-Seok Lee ◽  
Chukiat Sirivichayakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Febrile Episodes ◽  
And Control

Background Dengue is a major public health problem in Thailand, but data are often focused on certain dengue-endemic areas. Methods: To better understand dengue epidemiology and clinical characteristics in Thailand, a fever surveillance study was conducted among patients aged 1–55 years, who presented with non-localized febrile illness at Bang Phae Community Hospital in Ratchaburi province, Thailand from October 2011 to September 2016. Results Among 951 febrile episodes, 130 were dengue-confirmed. Individuals aged 10–14 years were mostly affected, followed by those 15–19 years-of-age, with about 15% of dengue-confirmed cases from adults 25 years and older. There were annual peaks of dengue occurrence between June-November. Most prevalent serotype in circulation was DENV-2 in 2012, DENV-3 in 2014, and DENV-4 & -3 in 2015. Among dengue cases, 65% were accurately detected using the dengue NS1 RDT. Detection rate was similar between secondary and primary dengue cases where 66% of secondary vs. 60% of primary dengue cases had positive results on the NS1 RDT. Among dengue cases, 66% were clinically diagnosed with suspected dengue or DHF, prior to lab confirmation. Dengue was positively associated with rash, headache, hematemesis and alterations to consciousness, when compared to non-dengue. Dengue patients were 10.6 times more likely to be hospitalized, compared to non-dengue cases. Among dengue cases, 95 were secondary and 35 were primary infections. There were 8 suspected DHF cases and all were identified to be secondary dengue. Secondary dengue cases were 3.5 times more likely to be hospitalized compared to primary dengue cases. Although the majority of our dengue-positive patients were secondary dengue cases, with few patients showing manifestations of DHF, our dengue cases were mostly mild disease. Even among children < 10 years-of-age, 61% had secondary infection and the rate of secondary infection increased with age. Conclusion While the majority of dengue-confirmed cases were children, almost three-quarters of dengue-confirmed cases in this study were secondary dengue. Our study results consistent with previous data from the country confirm the hyperendemic transmission of DENV in Thailand, even in the non-epidemic years. With various interventions becoming available for dengue prevention and control, including dengue vaccines, decision-making on future implementation strategies should be based on such burden of disease data.

scholarly journals Six Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence in Bati District, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chala Daba ◽  
Edosa Kebede ◽  
Amanuel Atamo ◽  
Semere Reda
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Ethiopia is planned to minimize forty percent of malaria incidence at the end of 2020 by applying different prevention and control method. There is limited information about trend of malaria in the study area. Therefore, this study was designed to address this gap. Methods: Institutional based retrospective study was conducted from to determine a six-year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in the Bati district. All malaria cases were carefully reviewed by trained laboratory technologists from the laboratory record books of Bati hospital and health center. The data was entered in to excel 2013 and descriptive statistics were used to determine frequencies and percentages of malaria cases, trends of malaria transmission in terms of years and seasonal distribution. Result: A total of 84,269 and 22,185 malaria suspected patients were requested for blood films and Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) respectively. Of this, 12,032 (11.3%) malaria cases were microscopically confirmed. Plasmodium falciparum were the most dominant parasite detected, which accounted for 57.6 %. The highest peak of malaria cases was reported during the summer season. The majority of the cases (57.2%) were reported among the >15 years age groupConclusion: Malaria is still a major public health problem in the study area. In order to decrease the number of malaria cases further, government, all healthcare workers, and community should strengthen and scale up malaria prevention and control strategies in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Singh ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Gyan Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications.Objectives. (1) To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and (2) to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects.Methods and Materials. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi. A modified WHO STEPS interview schedule on 640 study subjects aged 25–64 years was used.Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9% (male: 40.9%, female: 26.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 124.25 ± 15.05 mmHg and 83.45 ± 9.49 mmHg, respectively. Higher odds of being hypertensive were found in male subjects, eldest age group, married subjects, subjects of upper socioeconomic status, illiterate subjects, and retired subjects. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were also associated with hypertension. Out of the total hypertensive 211 subjects, only 81 (38.4%) were aware about their hypertension status; out of those, 57 (70.4%) were seeking treatment and 20 (35.08%) had their blood pressure adequately controlled.Conclusion. Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive and half of the study subjects were prehypertensive in this area. The awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure were also very low.

scholarly journals Factors influencing addiction in female population of an urban slum area

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Ashwini Baburao Sapkal ◽  
Swati Rajesh Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean

Background: The use of certain licit substances like alcohol, tobacco and illicit substances like cocaine, amphetamine, cannabis, etc is termed as substance abuse. Globally, the most prevalent form of tobacco use in women is cigarette smoking. But, in low- and middle-income countries use of smokeless forms is quite common. Aim of the study was to study the factors influencing drug and tobacco addiction in the female population of an urban slum area.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study conducted on 577 female participants in urban slums of a metropolitan city. A pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 22.0 (IBM). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for associations were used.Results: The mean age of participants was 44.84±14.99 years and the mean age of onset of addiction was 21.51±6.47 years. Around 70.7% of women were tobacco chewers, 9.4% were smoking bidis and 15.8%were addicted to alcohol. Addiction is the subject of conflict in families of 70(12.1%) women. A most common source of information about the harmful effects of addiction was television and tobacco packets. Almost all women i.e. 555(96.2%) knew that oral cancer was a harmful effect of addiction. Willingness to quit an addiction was seen in 45.8%of women.Conclusions: Addiction in females is a major public health problem which is compounded by their lack of knowledge.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Booklet Dan Wondershare Video Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Jumantik-PSN Dan Angka Bebas Jentik Pada SMP Negeri Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Natalansyah Natalansyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Video Group ◽  
And Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a contagious disease and is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Palangkaraya City's DBD IR for three years has continued to increase and become 68% and CFR 2% in 2018, this is due to the community's participation in PSN activities that have not been carried out optimally. One of the strategies to optimize community participation in the prevention and control of Dengue Fever is the empowerment of students with video media and booklets in improving the behavior of Jumantik-PSN school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the use of the WonderShare video media with booklets in increasing the behavior of jumantik-PSN school children and larva free rates in SMP Negeri 9 and 16 in the area of Kayon Puskesmas, Jekan Raya District, Palangka Raya City. This study used an experimental design. Two groups of pre and posttest designs. Samples were 50 students in grade 7 & 8, each of 25 groups of video media and booklets, instruments used were WonderShare videos, booklets, questionnaires, checklist sheets. The results showed that the independent t-test - there was a difference in the increase in mean scores, Knowledge between the video group and the booklet: P = 0.041 (P <0.5)Conclusion: Video media is effective in increasing Jumantik-PSN knowledge of school children and reducing larva free rates. Suggestion: to schools and Puskesmas to innovate counseling media with WonderShare video (video via WhatsApp) in increasing Jumantik-PSN's knowledge about the prevention and prevention of DHF so as to reduce larva free rates and cases.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Tuberculosis among Diabetic Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Md Delwar Hossain ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Jamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Kamrul Amin ◽  
Sharif Mohammad Ruhul Quddus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of the knowledge, attitude, and health-seeking practice regarding TB amongst diabetic patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Pulmonology OPD of Department of Internal Medicine, BIRDEM, 750 bedded Specialized Diabetic Tertiary Care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2015.Results: Out of 420 subjects (mean ±SD, age 51±12 years), 51% were male. Regarding educational status, 42% had primary and 34% had secondary education, while 12% graduated and 12% never attended school. More than half of the subjects belonged to the lower-middle income group. The proportion of poor, average and good score for knowledge were 19%, 66% and 15%, attitude 6%, 42% and 52% and for practice 11%, 82% and 7% respectively.Conclusion: Co-ordinated educational campaign with prioritized focus for poorer and less educated people needs to be considered for reducing tuberculosis transmission and better outcome with special attention to diabetic population.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(2): 127-131

scholarly journals Assessment of Depression in Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Baroiu ◽  
Elena Dumea ◽  
Florentina Năstase ◽  
Elena Niculeț ◽  
Silvia Fotea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

The COVID-19 pandemic is probably the greatest natural disaster of our generation and the 21st century with a great impact on mental health. The present study aims to quantify, with the help of the Beck questionnaire, the degree of depression in a group of 109 patients with moderate forms of COVID-19, hospitalized in the Second Clinic of the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases St. Cuv. Parascheva Galati during the period: 1.01-30.03.2021. Of these, 35 patients (32.11%) had varying degrees of depression, and had an age and body mass index statistically significantly higher than those without depression. These patients also had statistically significantly higher Charlson scores of cumulative comorbidities and required longer hospitalization than patients without depression. The severity of COVID-19 and the percentage of favorable prognosis did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Our study reveals a lower incidence of depression among patients with COVID-19 compared to existing studies in the literature. This can be explained by the fact that our study is conducted at the end of the first year of the pandemic when antiviral therapy schemes stabilized and population vaccination began. The high genetic variability of the virus, which can determine at any time the appearance of new strains with greater aggression, contagion or with mutations on the spike protein, maintains the need to keep non-specific preventive measures and the mental tension related to this pathology. Thus, intrapandemic psychiatric disorders remain a major public health problem and require strong government prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence and awareness of osteopenia in perimenopausal women in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Ajay Dodeja ◽  
Anushka Makhija ◽  
Ashita Rane ◽  
Meeta Dodeja
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Osteopenia is considered as precursor of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden worldwide. Osteopenia occurs more frequently in most menopausal women. Early detection of the same can be beneficial to control prevalence of osteoporosis and also to reduce the fracture rates.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) was conducted on 80 women. A self-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of awareness among the study subjects. The data was analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-Square test for association. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results: The prevalence of osteopenia in the studied population was 63.75%. The mean age was recorded to be 40.35 years. The mean age of women with menopause in this study is 50.62 years. Out of the 51(63.75%) women diagnosed with osteopenia, 5.9% were underweight, 33.3% were normal and 49% were obese. Of the diseased, 37.3% experienced adequate amount sunlight exposure required while 62.7% did not. Out of the 80 women interviewed 43.75% were aware about osteopenia, its causes and complications; which 56.25% were unaware about the same.Conclusions: Women were screened for osteopenia with the help of DEXA scan according to the (World Health Organization) WHO, T-Score criteria-which may go undiagnosed otherwise and may experience the risk and complications of osteoporosis.

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