scholarly journals Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Caffeine Mutagenetic Treatment to Four Ornamental Silene Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Bruce L. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Leaf Variegation ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Silene Species ◽  
New Cultivars

Mutagenesis breeding for horticultural crops is valuable not only for creating new cultivars, but also expanding the genetic pool for hybridization. Four Silene species were subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and/or caffeine mutagenesis to obtain valuable ornamental traits and to test the effects of different mutagens and combinations. Species responded differently to the mutagens. Generally, caffeine plus EMS treatments had a greater effect on mutation rate than either treatment applied alone. Caffeine alone was found to enhance seed vigor of S. floscuculi. Caffeine as a plant mutagen should be further investigated to determine the most efficient concentration as well as effects on other plant species, as several desirable mutants were obtained with leaf variegation.

scholarly journals Developing Triploid Maples

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Contreras ◽  
Tyler C. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Shade Trees ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Ploidy Manipulation ◽  
New Cultivars

Maples are common street and shade trees throughout the temperate zone. They are widely used for their wide range of ornamental traits and adaptability, particularly to urban settings. Unfortunately, some species such as Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala (Amur maple) and A. platanoides (Norway maple) have escaped cultivation to become pests or in some cases threaten native flora. However, these species remain economically important and are still asked for by name. To ameliorate potential future ecological damage from additional escapes, we have been breeding for sterile forms using ploidy manipulation and backcrossing to develop triploids. We began with a series of experiments to develop tetraploids of Amur, Norway, and trident (A. buergerianum) maples. Treatment of seedlings at the cotyledon or first true leaf stage was successful in inducing tetraploids of each species. Mortality, cytochimeras, and tetraploids varied among species. After identifying tetraploids, they were field planted alongside diploid cultivars and seedlings, which served as pollinizers in open-pollination. Seedlings derived from open-pollinated tetraploids were generally found to be a high percentage triploids. Thus far, no Norway or trident maple triploids have flowered but after three years we observed five, 22, and 22 Amur maple triploids flowering over three respective years with no seedlings recovered to date. Further evaluation is required but our findings are encouraging that the triploids we have developed thus far will be sterile and provide new cultivars for nursery growers and land managers.

scholarly journals Goals and results in improvement of biological background of medicinal plant production

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
É. Németh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Legal Difficulties

The choice of varieties among medicinal plant species is relatively small, compared to other horticultural crops. In Hungary, only poppy (Papaver somniferum) and mustard (Sinapis alba) have several cultivars. Recognising the problem, in the recent years breeding activity has been intensified all over the world, in spite of financial, technical and legal difficulties. The article reports on the results of breeding at the Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Szent István University, 11 varieties of which has been officially registered till 2000. Main goals of genetic improvement are: increasing of the production capacity of utilised plant organs, enhancement of active material accumulation capacity, improvement of sensory quality and technological properties. The most often applied methods are selection, and recently, cross breeding, the results of which can be measured on new materials of caraway (Carum carvi), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), marjoram (Majorana hortensis), poppy (Papaver somniferum), etc. Efficacy of breeding work is established by additional, regular research on the genetics, physiology, floral and reproductive biology, chemosyndromes of medicinal plant species.  

scholarly journals Seasonal color matching method of ornamental plants in urban landscape construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-605
Author(s):  
Dayan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Landscape Unit ◽  
Color Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ornamental Traits

Abstract Traditional seasonal color matching methods of ornamental plants only study the color attributes of plants, but not through qualitative and quantitative research on seasonal color matching of plants, resulting in imperfect matching methods. Five landscape units were selected from five representative streets in Harbin, namely, Central Avenue, Gogoli, Zhongshan Road, Xinyang Road, and Huanghe Road. Seasonal periods of Harbin from 2014 to 2018 were defined using the difference in seasonal time division and duration characteristics by the method of climate temperature division, and the beginning time of each season in 2019 was deduced. Meanwhile, according to the NCS color value data of each species in different seasons and the length of each season, the seasonal color matching results of each landscape unit case were established. The results of seasonal color matching of each landscape unit case were evaluated by weighted method. The results showed that the richer the NCS color value of plant species ornamental traits in plant landscape, the more the color seasonal encounter of ornamental traits and the longer the duration, the better the matching results of plant seasonal color. Based on the research results, the NCS color value and its ornamental period of ornamental characters of plant species, the color matching scheme of landscape color, and the selection of plant species were proposed.

scholarly journals Glandular trichomes: new focus on horticultural crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxuan Feng ◽  
Ezra S. Bartholomew ◽  
Ziyu Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Cui ◽  
Yuming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

AbstractPlant glandular trichomes (GTs) are epidermal outgrowths with the capacity to biosynthesize and secrete specialized metabolites, that are of great scientific and practical significance. Our understanding of the developmental process of GTs is limited, and no single plant species serves as a unique model. Here, we review the genetic mechanisms of GT initiation and development and provide a summary of the biosynthetic pathways of GT-specialized metabolites in nonmodel plant species, especially horticultural crops. We discuss the morphology and classification of GT types. Moreover, we highlight technological advancements in methods employed for investigating GTs. Understanding the molecular basis of GT development and specialized metabolites not only offers useful avenues for research in plant breeding that will lead to the improved production of desirable metabolites, but also provides insights for plant epidermal development research.

scholarly journals Breeding vegetatively propagated horticultural crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
New Cultivars

Horticulture is an important part of agriculture with many important crops being vegetatively propagated. The objectives of this work were to discuss some of the most important characteristics of vegetatively propagated crops and the breeding strategies to develop and propagate new cultivars. Vegetative propagation enables to fix favorable combinations of important traits, very specific chemical compositions, superior genetic variance interactions and high levels of heterozygosity. Breeding new cultivars involve few possibilities of genetic recombination by sexual reproduction and many generations of selection and vegetative propagation. Marker assisted selection should be useful for genotyping and selecting complementary parents for crossing and for identifying superior genotypes at early stages of selection. The tissue culture technique enables to get disease free stock plants and to maximize its multiplication rate, having an important role in yield and quality of these crops.

scholarly journals Reducing White-tailed Deer Damage to Landscape Plants with Organic Products

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Christine Harris Coker ◽  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Lani Merritt ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
M. Keith Causey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Browsing Damage ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Organic Products

Abstract Chemical repellency is one of the most selective approaches to controlling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage to horticultural crops. This study evaluated the continuous efficacy of selected organic products containing garlic, fish oil, or putrescent egg solids against feeding damage caused by confined white-tailed deer to Hosta fortunei L. H. Bailey ‘Francee’, Gomphrena globosa L. ‘Rose’, and Catharanthus roseus L. ‘Pacifica Red’. There was a significant interaction between plant species × product (p < 0.02) when all 3 plant species were tested together. When products were tested separately on single plant species, differences (p ≤ 0.05) were detected among products. All products displayed some level of damage control by reducing browsing damage compared to the untreated control; yet for each species, 100% destruction occurred within 5 to 6 days. Overall product efficacy was determined by Overall Rank Sum Index. When product ranks were calculated for the 3 species, products containing putrescent egg solids appeared to be more effective than products containing garlic and/or fish oil.

scholarly journals COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF FLAVONOID PIGMENTS AND FLOWER COLOR IN PRUNUS MIRA AND HYBRID CULTIVARS OF ORNAMENTAL PEACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
L. D. Komar-Tyomnaya ◽  
G. P. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Prunus Mira Koehne ◽  
New Cultivars

Background. Ornamental peaches are flowering trees with petals ranging in color from white and pale pink to purplered. Because peach suffers from fungal infections, Prunus mira Koehne is often used in breeding programs as a donor of resistance. It also impacts on other traits, including flower color. The aim of this work was to study the composition of flavonoid pigments in the flowers of parent plants and new ornamental peach cultivars originated from P. mira.Objects and methods. Four new cultivars developed at the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their parental forms – P. mira and 4 cultivars with the P. persica morphotype – were included in the study. Pigments were extracted with acidified ethyl alcohol from fresh petals and identified by HPLC analysis.Results. Twelve glycosides of cyanidin and peonidin in different combinations and 8 glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin were found in the petal samples. Among colored plants, the highest amount of flavonols (114 mg g-1) and the lowest amount of anthocyanins (0.46 mg g-1) were found in P. mira petals. Anthocyanins predominate in cultivars with purple-red petals (16 mg g-1). Much more flavonols (55– 88 mg g-1) and little anthocyanins (1.2–3.4 mg g-1) were accumulated in the purple-pink flowers of hybrid cultivars. This trend persisted in the cultivars from crosses with a white-flowered parent. Conclusion. The ratio of anthocyanins and flavonols in the peach flowers depends on the plant species and determines the petals’ intermediate colors and half-tones. Using P. mira in breeding programs provides opportunities for the development of cultivars with new shades of flower color.

scholarly journals Analysis of Plant Species in Elementary School Textbooks in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-498
Author(s):  
Min Hyeong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
The Status ◽  
Microsoft Office

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods: The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results: A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion: As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students' preference for plants.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Fahrettin Goktepe ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
New Cultivars

The ornamental value of caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) depends to a large extent on its foliar characteristics. Efficient genetic improvement of caladium foliar characteristics requires a good understanding of the inheritance of these traits, including leaf shape, color, and spots. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of leaf spots in caladium and to understand their relationships with leaf shape and main vein color. Eighteen controlled crosses were made among eight commercial cultivars expressing red or no leaf spots, and progeny of these crosses were observed for segregation of leaf spots as well as leaf shape and vein color. A single locus with two alleles is shown to be responsible for the presence or absence of leaf spots in caladium, with the presence allele (S) dominant over the absence allele (s). The major spotted commercial cultivar Gingerland is heterozygous for this trait. Leaf spots are inherited independently from leaf shape, but they are closely linked with the color of the main leaf veins. The recombination frequencies between the leaf spot locus and the main vein color locus ranged from 0.0% to 8.9% with the crosses or the parental cultivars used, with an average of 4.4%. Leaf spots and vein colors represent the first linkage group of ornamental traits in caladium and possibly in other ornamental aroids. The knowledge gained in this study will be valuable when it comes to determine what crosses to make for development of new cultivars. It may be also useful to those interested in determining the inheritance of similar traits in other ornamental plants, including other ornamental aroids such as dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia Schott).

Cation-anion relationships in crop nutrition: III. Relationships between the ratios of sum of the cations: sum of the anions and nitrogen concentrations in several plant species

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
B Values ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
N Level ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The ratios of sum of the cations: sum of the anions (R) of sixty-two agricultural and horticultural crops and pasture herbs were measured or calculated and found to be negatively correlated with % N in the plants. This suggests that the proposal that Italian rye-grass has a mechanism regulating the proportion of cations to anions taken up may also apply to other plant species. Dicotyledons had greater B values than monocotyledons at the same N level, but this is probably not because their roots have greater cation exchange capacity.

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