Cartilha para enfrentamento do COVID-19 em comunidades quilombolas: relato de experiência

O estudo objetivou relatar a experiência de elaboração de uma cartilha educativa sobre o enfrentamento ao Covid-19 para Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombos (CRQ). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo metodológico, realizado em maio de 2020, a partir das etapas: 1) aprofundamento teórico sobre o COVID-19; 2) estruturação do roteiro; e 3) elaboração do layout por um designer gráfico. A cartilha desenvolvida de forma interativa, oferece informações para prevenção da disseminação do coronavírus junto às comunidades quilombolas, por meio da técnica de lavagem das mãos e do uso correto da máscara facial. Aborda ainda, algumas técnicas de relaxamento, alongamento e automassagem no controle do estresse e da ansiedade no período de isolamento social. Essa tecnologia educativa constituiu uma estratégia valiosa no enfrentamento da pandemia pelo COVID-19, com orientações e informações capazes de auxiliar na prevenção e no controle emocional, respeitando-se o contexto sociocultural do povo quilombola.Descritores: Grupo com Ancestrais do Continente Africano, Tecnologia Educacional, Educação em Saúde, Infecções por Coronavírus. COVID-19 facing letter in quilombola communities: experience reportAbstract: This study aimed to report the experience of developing an interactive facing letter about the confrontation of COVID-19 for remaining Quilombola Communities (CRQ).This is a qualitative study of methodological approach, carried out in May 2020, based on the following steps: 1) theoretical deepening on COVID-19; 2) structuring the script; and 3) layout elaboration by a graphic designer. The booklet interactively developed provides information to prevent the spread of coronavirus in quilombola communities, through the hand-washing technique and the correct use of the face mask. It also addresses some relaxation, stretching, and self-massage techniques for controlling stress and anxiety during the period of social isolation. This educational technology constituted a valuable strategy for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, with useful guidelines and information to assist in the prevention and emotional control, respecting the socio-cultural context of the quilombola people.Descriptors: African Continental Ancestry Group, Educational Technology, Health Education, Coronavirus Infections. Carta frente al COVID-19 en comunidades quilomball: informe de experienciaResumen: El estudio objetivó relatar la experiencia de desarrollo de cartilla sobre cómo enfrentar a la COVID-19 para Comunidades Restantes de Quilombos (RCQ). Metodología: estudio cualitativo, del tipo metodológico, realizado en mayo de 2020, en las fases: 1) profundización teórica sobre COVID-19; 2) estructuración de la cartilla; y 3) elaboración del diseño por diseñador gráfico. Resultados: cartilla desarrollada de manera interactiva, con información para prevenir la propagación del coronavirus a las comunidades quilombolas, a través de la técnica de lavado de manos y el uso correcto de la máscara facial. También aborda algunas técnicas de relajación, estiramiento y automasaje para controlar el estrés y la ansiedad durante el aislamiento social. Consideraciones finales: esta tecnología educativa constituyó estrategia valiosa para hacer frente a la pandemia de COVID-19, con orientaciones e informaciones capaces de ayudar en la prevención y control emocional, respetando el contexto sociocultural de la población quilombola.Descriptores: Grupo de Ascendencia Continental Africana, Tecnología Educacional, Educación en Salud, Infecciones por Coronavirus.

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Cartilha para enfrentamento do COVID-19 em comunidades quilombolas: relato de experiência

Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem ◽

10.24276/rrecien2020.10.31.174-182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (31) ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Eliane Santos Cavalcante ◽

Iago Matheus Bezerra Pedrosa ◽

Lannuzya Veríssimo e Oliveira ◽

João Mário Pessoa Júnior ◽

Viviane Peixoto dos Santos Pennafort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Technology ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Face Mask ◽

Emotional Control ◽

Ancestry Group ◽

Graphic Designer ◽

African Continental Ancestry Group ◽

The Face ◽

Tecnología Educativa

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Educational technology for patient with chronic renal disease: integrative review / Tecnologia educativa para paciente com doença renal crônica: revisão integrativa / Tecnología educativa voltada al paciente con enfermedad renal crónica: revisión integradora

Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI ◽

10.26694/2238-7234.7272-78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Cristiano Batista Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Educational Technology ◽

Renal Insufficiency ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Chronic Renal Disease ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Tecnología Educativa

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre tecnologias educativas voltadas à promoção da saúde do paciente com doença renal crônica. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura; utilizou-se a questão norteadora: Quais as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica sobre tecnologias educativas voltadas à promoção da saúde do paciente com doença renal crônica?; não houve imposição de limite de tempo, e utilizou-se as bases de dados SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS e CINAHL, com cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: renal insufficiency, educational technology, health promotion. Resultados: incluíram-se seis estudos nesta revisão e elencou-se quatro categorias sobre as tecnologias educativas: software para computador ou dispositivo móvel, material impresso, programa educacional via telefone e website. Conclusão: diferentes tecnologias educativas construídas evidenciam a preocupação dos profissionais da saúde em promover a longitudinalidade do cuidado e integralidade da saúde aos indivíduos com doença renal crônica, como também lhes instiga a tornarem-se protagonistas no cuidado da sua saúde.Descritores: Insuficiência Renal Crônica. Tecnologia Educacional. Promoção da Saúde.

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Afro-Communitarianism and the Role of Traditional African Healers in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Public Health Ethics ◽

10.1093/phe/phab006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luís Cordeiro-Rodrigues ◽

Thaddeus Metz

Keyword(s):

Cultural Capital ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Local Communities ◽

Special Role ◽

Ethical Perspective ◽

The Face

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, and in Africa, given the lack of resources, they are likely to be even more acute. The usefulness of Traditional African Healers in helping to mitigate the effects of pandemic has been neglected. We argue from an ethical perspective that these healers can and should have an important role in informing and guiding local communities in Africa on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Particularly, we argue not only that much of the philosophy underlying Traditional African Medicine is adequate and compatible with preventive measures for COVID-19, but also that Traditional African Healers have some unique cultural capital for influencing and enforcing such preventive measures. The paper therefore suggests that not only given the cultural context of Africa where Traditional African Healers have a special role, but also because of the normative strength of the Afro-communitarian philosophy that informs it, there are good ethical reasons to endorse policies that involve Traditional Healers in the fight against COVID-19. We also maintain that concerns about Traditional African Healers objectionably violating patient confidentiality or being paternalistic are much weaker in the face of COVID-19.

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Behavioral brittleness: the case for strategic behavioral public policy

Behavioural Public Policy ◽

10.1017/bpp.2021.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Ruth Schmidt ◽

Katelyn Stenger

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Contextual Cues ◽

Short Term ◽

Strategic Approach ◽

The Face ◽

The Creation ◽

Impact Problem

Abstract Despite widespread recognition that behavioral public policy (BPP) needs to move beyond nudging if the field is to achieve more significant impact, problem-solving approaches remain optimized to achieve tactical success and are evaluated by short-term metrics with the assumption of stable systems. As a result, current methodologies may contribute to the development of solutions that appear well formed but become ‘brittle’ in the face of more complex contexts if they fail to consider important contextual cues, broader system forces, and emergent conditions, which can take three distinct forms: contextual, systemic, and anticipatory brittleness. The Covid-19 pandemic and vaccination rollout present an opportunity to identify and correct interventional brittleness with a new methodological approach – strategic BPP (SBPP) – that can inform the creation of more resilient solutions by embracing more diverse forms of evidence and applied foresight, designing interventions within ecosystems, and iteratively developing solutions. To advance the case for adopting a SBPP and ‘roughly right’ modes of inquiry, we use the Covid-19 vaccination rollout to define a new methodological roadmap, while also acknowledging that taking a more strategic approach may challenge current BPP norms.

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Examining the interplay between face mask usage, asymptomatic transmission, and social distancing on the spread of COVID-19

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94960-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Catching ◽

Sara Capponi ◽

Ming Te Yeh ◽

Simone Bianco ◽

Raul Andino

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Real Life ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Face Mask ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Viral Spread ◽

The Face ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals ◽

High Virus

AbstractCOVID-19’s high virus transmission rates have caused a pandemic that is exacerbated by the high rates of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. These factors suggest that face masks and social distance could be paramount in containing the pandemic. We examined the efficacy of each measure and the combination of both measures using an agent-based model within a closed space that approximated real-life interactions. By explicitly considering different fractions of asymptomatic individuals, as well as a realistic hypothesis of face masks protection during inhaling and exhaling, our simulations demonstrate that a synergistic use of face masks and social distancing is the most effective intervention to curb the infection spread. To control the pandemic, our models suggest that high adherence to social distance is necessary to curb the spread of the disease, and that wearing face masks provides optimal protection even if only a small portion of the population comply with social distance. Finally, the face mask effectiveness in curbing the viral spread is not reduced if a large fraction of population is asymptomatic. Our findings have important implications for policies that dictate the reopening of social gatherings.

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Effects of Face Mask Use on Objective and Subjective Measures of Thermoregulation During Exercise in the Heat

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/19417381211028212 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812110282

Author(s):

Ayami Yoshihara ◽

Erin E. Dierickx ◽

Gabrielle J. Brewer ◽

Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽

Rebecca L. Stearns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Intensity ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Face Mask ◽

Whole Body ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Physically Active ◽

Time Points ◽

The Face ◽

And Control ◽

Moderate Exercise Intensity

Background: While increased face mask use has helped reduce COVID-19 transmission, there have been concerns about its influence on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, but consistent, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Hypothesis: No physiological differences would exist during low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat between trials with and without face masks, but perceptual sensations could vary. Study Design: Crossover study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Twelve physically active participants (8 male, 4 female; age = 24 ± 3 years) completed 4 face mask trials and 1 control trial (no mask) in the heat (32.3°C ± 0.04°C; 54.4% ± 0.7% relative humidity [RH]). The protocol was 60 minutes of walking and jogging between 35% and 60% of relative VO2max. Rectal temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), temperature and humidity inside and outside of the face mask (Tmicro_in, Tmicro_out, RHmicro_in, RHmicro_out) and perceptual variables (rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, thirst sensation, fatigue level, and overall breathing discomfort) were monitored throughout all trials. Results: Mean Trec and HR increased at 30- and 60-minute time points compared with 0-minute time points, but no difference existed between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05). Mean Tmicro_in, RHmicro_in, and humidity difference inside and outside of the face mask (ΔRHmicro) were significantly different between face mask trials ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in perceptual variables between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05), except overall breathing discomfort ( P < 0.01). Higher RHmicro_in, RPE, and thermal sensation significantly predicted higher overall breathing discomfort ( r2 = 0.418; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Face mask use during 60 minutes of low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat did not significantly affect Trec or HR. Although face mask use may affect overall breathing discomfort due to the changes in the face mask microenvironment, face mask use itself did not cause an increase in whole body thermal stress. Clinical Relevance: Face mask use is feasible and safe during exercise in the heat, at low-to-moderate exercise intensities, for physically active, healthy individuals.

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Effect of Mouth Mask and Face Shield on Speech Spectrum in Slovak Language

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4829

Author(s):

Vojtech Chmelík ◽

Daniel Urbán ◽

Lukáš Zelem ◽

Monika Rychtáriková

Keyword(s):

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Face Mask ◽

Suprasternal Notch ◽

Lombard Effect ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Female Speech ◽

The Face ◽

Frequency Components ◽

Acoustic Filtering ◽

Filtering Effect

In this paper, with the aim of assessing the deterioration of speech intelligibility caused by a speaker wearing a mask, different face masks (surgical masks, FFP2 mask, homemade textile-based protection and two kinds of plastic shields) are compared in terms of their acoustic filtering effect, measured by placing the mask on an artificial head/mouth simulator. For investigating the additional effects on the speaker’s vocal output, speech was also recorded while people were reading a text when wearing a mask, and without a mask. In order to discriminate between effects of acoustic filtering by the mask and mask-induced effects of vocal output changes, the latter was monitored by measuring vibrations at the suprasternal notch, using an attached accelerometer. It was found that when wearing a mask, people tend to slightly increase their voice level, while when wearing plastic face shield, they reduce their vocal power. Unlike the Lombard effect, no significant change was found in the spectral content. All face mask and face shields attenuate frequencies above 1–2 kHz. In addition, plastic shields also increase frequency components to around 800 Hz, due to resonances occurring between the face and the shield. Finally, special attention was given to the Slavic languages, in particular Slovak, which contain a large variety of sibilants. Male and female speech, as well as texts with and without sibilants, was compared.

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Antibacterial and In Vivo Studies of a Green, One-Pot Preparation of Copper/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Coated Bandages

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11070462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 462

Author(s):

Archana R. Deokar ◽

Ilana Perelshtein ◽

Melissa Saibene ◽

Nina Perkas ◽

Paride Mantecca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Face Mask ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

One Pot ◽

The Face ◽

Bulk Scale ◽

Particle Size And Shape

Simultaneous water and ethanol-based synthesis and coating of copper and zinc oxide (CuO/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on bandages was carried out by ultrasound irradiation. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the effects of the solvent on the particle size and shape of metal oxide NPs. An antibacterial activity study of metal-oxide-coated bandages was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). CuO NP-coated bandages made from both water and ethanol demonstrated complete killing of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria within 30 min., whereas ZnO NP-coated bandages demonstrated five-log reductions in viability for both kinds of bacteria after 60 min of interaction. Further, the antibacterial mechanism of CuO/ZnO NP-coated bandages is proposed here based on electron spin resonance studies. Nanotoxicology investigations were conducted via in vivo examinations of the effect of the metal-oxide bandages on frog embryos (teratogenesis assay—Xenopus). The results show that water-based coatings resulted in lesser impacts on embryo development than the ethanol-based ones. These bandages should therefore be considered safer than the ethanol-based ones. The comparison between the toxicity of the metal oxide NPs prepared in water and ethanol is of great importance, because water will replace ethanol for bulk scale synthesis of metal oxide NPs in commercial companies to avoid further ignition problems. The novelty and importance of this manuscript is avoiding the ethanol in the typical water:ethanol mixture as the solvent for the preparation of metal oxide NPs. Ethanol is ignitable, and commercial companies are trying the evade its use. This is especially important these days, as the face mask produced by sonochemistry (SONOMASK) is being sold all over the world by SONOVIA, and it is coated with ZnO.

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IoT and Deep Learning Based Approach for Rapid Screening and Face Mask Detection for Infection Spread Control of COVID-19

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3495

Author(s):

Shabir Hussain ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Muhammad Ayoub ◽

Akmal Khan ◽

Rukhshanda Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Low Cost ◽

Face Mask ◽

World Health ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening System ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

The Face ◽

Health Organization ◽

Vaccine Distribution

The spread of COVID-19 has been taken on pandemic magnitudes and has already spread over 200 countries in a few months. In this time of emergency of COVID-19, especially when there is still a need to follow the precautions and developed vaccines are not available to all the developing countries in the first phase of vaccine distribution, the virus is spreading rapidly through direct and indirect contacts. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides the standard recommendations on preventing the spread of COVID-19 and the importance of face masks for protection from the virus. The excessive use of manual disinfection systems has also become a source of infection. That is why this research aims to design and develop a low-cost, rapid, scalable, and effective virus spread control and screening system to minimize the chances and risk of spread of COVID-19. We proposed an IoT-based Smart Screening and Disinfection Walkthrough Gate (SSDWG) for all public places entrance. The SSDWG is designed to do rapid screening, including temperature measuring using a contact-free sensor and storing the record of the suspected individual for further control and monitoring. Our proposed IoT-based screening system also implemented real-time deep learning models for face mask detection and classification. This module classified individuals who wear the face mask properly, improperly, and without a face mask using VGG-16, MobileNetV2, Inception v3, ResNet-50, and CNN using a transfer learning approach. We achieved the highest accuracy of 99.81% while using VGG-16 and the second highest accuracy of 99.6% using MobileNetV2 in the mask detection and classification module. We also implemented classification to classify the types of face masks worn by the individuals, either N-95 or surgical masks. We also compared the results of our proposed system with state-of-the-art methods, and we highly suggested that our system could be used to prevent the spread of local transmission and reduce the chances of human carriers of COVID-19.

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Facial Recognition System for People with and without Face Mask in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6900

Author(s):

Jonathan S. Talahua ◽

Jorge Buele ◽

P. Calvopiña ◽

José Varela-Aldás

Keyword(s):

Facial Recognition ◽

Face Mask ◽

Recognition System ◽

Classification Model ◽

World Health ◽

The Face ◽

Recognition Systems ◽

Facial Recognition System ◽

Health Organization ◽

Face Detector

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the use of a face mask as a mandatory biosafety measure. This has caused problems in current facial recognition systems, motivating the development of this research. This manuscript describes the development of a system for recognizing people, even when they are using a face mask, from photographs. A classification model based on the MobileNetV2 architecture and the OpenCv’s face detector is used. Thus, using these stages, it can be identified where the face is and it can be determined whether or not it is wearing a face mask. The FaceNet model is used as a feature extractor and a feedforward multilayer perceptron to perform facial recognition. For training the facial recognition models, a set of observations made up of 13,359 images is generated; 52.9% images with a face mask and 47.1% images without a face mask. The experimental results show that there is an accuracy of 99.65% in determining whether a person is wearing a mask or not. An accuracy of 99.52% is achieved in the facial recognition of 10 people with masks, while for facial recognition without masks, an accuracy of 99.96% is obtained.

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