scholarly journals Rinnenkarren systems and the development of their main channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Veress ◽  
Zoltán Mitre
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Total Length ◽  
System A ◽  
Average Shape ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Depth Water

In this study, the development of rinnenkarren systems is analyzed. During the field studies, 36 rinnenkarren systems were investigated. The width and depth were measured at every 10 cm on the main channels and then shape was calculated to these places (the quotient of channel width and depth). Water flow was performed on artificial rinnenkarren system. A relation was looked for between the density of tributary channels and the average shape of the main channel, between the distance of tributary channels from each other and the shape of a given place of the main channel. The density and total length of the tributary channels on the lower and upper sections of the main channels being narrow at their lower end (11 pieces) and being wide at their lower end (10 pieces) of the rinnenkarren systems were calculated as well as their average proportional distance from the lower end of the main channel. The number of channel hollows was determined on the lower and upper sections of these main channels. It can be stated that the average shape of the main channel calculated to its total length depends on the density of the tributary channels and on the distance of tributary channels from each other. The main channel shape is smaller if less water flows on the floor for a long time because of the small density of the tributary channels and the great distance between the tributary channels. In this case, the channel deepens, but it does not widen. The width of the main channel depends on the number and location of the rivulets developing on channel-free relief. The main channel becomes narrow towards its lower end if the tributary rivulets are denser and longer on the upper part of the main rivulet developing on the channel-free, plain terrain and their distance is larger compared to the lower end. The channel hollows develop mainly at those places where the later developing tributary channels are hanging above the floor of the main channel. Thus, the former ones are younger than the latter ones. It can be stated that the morphology of the main channels (shape, channel hollows, and width changes of the main channel) is determined by the tributary channels (their number, location and age).

scholarly journals Rinnenkarren systems and the development of their main channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Veress ◽  
Zoltán Mitre
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Total Length ◽  
System A ◽  
Average Shape ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Depth Water

In this study, the development of rinnenkarren systems is analyzed. During the field studies, 36 rinnenkarren systems were investigated. The width and depth were measured at every 10 cm on the main channels and then shape was calculated to these places (the quotient of channel width and depth). Water flow was performed on artificial rinnenkarren system. A relation was looked for between the density of tributary channels and the average shape of the main channel, between the distance of tributary channels from each other and the shape of a given place of the main channel. The density and total length of the tributary channels on the lower and upper sections of the main channels being narrow at their lower end (11 pieces) and being wide at their lower end (10 pieces) of the rinnenkarren systems were calculated as well as their average proportional distance from the lower end of the main channel. The number of channel hollows was determined on the lower and upper sections of these main channels. It can be stated that the average shape of the main channel calculated to its total length depends on the density of the tributary channels and on the distance of tributary channels from each other. The main channel shape is smaller if less water flows on the floor for a long time because of the small density of the tributary channels and the great distance between the tributary channels. In this case, the channel deepens, but it does not widen. The width of the main channel depends on the number and location of the rivulets developing on channel-free relief. The main channel becomes narrow towards its lower end if the tributary rivulets are denser and longer on the upper part of the main rivulet developing on the channel-free, plain terrain and their distance is larger compared to the lower end. The channel hollows develop mainly at those places where the later developing tributary channels are hanging above the floor of the main channel. Thus, the former ones are younger than the latter ones. It can be stated that the morphology of the main channels (shape, channel hollows, and width changes of the main channel) is determined by the tributary channels (their number, location and age).

scholarly journals Perancangan Desain User Interface Aplikasi KABITA Untuk Menginformasikan Kuliner Street Food Kota BandungTION TO INFORM INFORMATION STREET FOOD CULINARY BANDUNG CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Diwan Setiawan ◽  
Sri Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Street Food ◽  
City Street ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Media ◽  
The City

Bandung is a city that has a variety of culinary, it makes this city as a culinary tourism destination that highly demanded by both domestic and foreign tourists. Based on data from the Department of Culture and Tourism of Bandung, Bandung has a legendary street food culinary that is highly favored by culinary enthusiasts who visit this city. Street food culinary is snacks that have been around for a long time with authentic flavors and stories behind, some of popular street food culinary are bandros, combro, colenak, ketan bakar, cireng ​​and others. The rapid development of culinary potential in this city has caused many new street foods that enriches culinary diversity in Bandung so that culinary enthusiasts need an information media contains of information about culinary in this city, especially authentic street food culinary which is starting to be hard to find. Through qualitative methods and data collection techniques by means of field studies such as observation, interviews and questionnaires, it is necessary to design an application-based information media. The final results of this research is user interface design for the media that informs Bandung street food culinary. Inspired by the word kabita which comes from Sundanese means tempted to taste food, was chosen as the name of the application that informs culinary street food in the city of Bandung that aims to facilitate culinary enthusiasts to get that information

Effect of soil moisture and fertilizer application on clonal growth and reproduction in a tristylous weed, Lythrum salicaria

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun K. Mal ◽  
Jon Lovett-Doust ◽  
Lesley Lovett-Doust
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Clonal growth and reproduction in tristylous Lythrum salicaria L. were examined experimentally, using cloned genotypes of each of the three flower morphs, in field studies involving four moisture and three nutrient treatments. Clonal growth was measured in terms of diameter of clones, number of ramets per clone, and total length of ramets, and an index of reproduction was recorded as the total length of infructescence per clone. Neither clonal growth nor reproduction differed significantly among flower morphs, but both differed significantly as a consequence of both moisture and nutrient treatments. The pattern of seasonal growth indicates that ramet production was restricted mainly to the beginning of the season following vigorous vegetative growth. Although flowering began in June, it was restricted to plants in drier treatments in the water-gradient experiment. Characters intrinsic to tristyly (such as lengths of styles and stamens, and allocation of biomass to stamens and pistil) differed significantly among morphs. Soil moisture levels but not fertilizer treatments significantly affected the size of floral structures and biomass. Although absolute levels of biomass allocation to whole flowers and to attractive structures did not differ significantly among morphs, relative allocation to stamens increased progressively from long morph to mid-morph to short morph, with a corresponding decrease in relative mass of pistil. Although proportional allocation differed significantly among morphs, it was unaffected by moisture treatment, suggesting tight genetic control of herkogamy (spatial separation between anther and stigma). This should maintain the floral polymorphism in different ecological conditions. Key words: Lythrum salicaria, nutrient and water gradients, heterostyly, floral morphometry, floral allocation, clonal growth, sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals From Hardware to Operating System: A Static Measurement Method of Android System Based on TrustZone

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinhong Hei ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Yichuan Wang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Wenjiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Trusted Computing ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Static Measurement ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
System A ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Android System ◽  
Long Time

Android system has been one of the main targets of hacker attacks for a long time. At present, it is faced with security risks such as privilege escalation attacks, image tampering, and malicious programs. In view of the above risks, the current detection of the application layer can no longer guarantee the security of the Android system. The security of mobile terminals needs to be fully protected from the bottom to the top, and the consistency test of the hardware system is realized from the hardware layer of the terminal. However, there is not a complete set of security measures to ensure the reliability and integrity of the Android system at present. Therefore, from the perspective of trusted computing, this paper proposes and implements a trusted static measurement method of the Android system based on TrustZone to protect the integrity of the system layer and provide a trusted underlying environment for the detection of the Android application layer. This paper analyzes from two aspects of security and efficiency. The experimental results show that this method can detect the Android system layer privilege escalation attack and discover the rootkit that breaks the integrity of the Android kernel in time during the startup process, and the performance loss of this method is within the acceptable range.

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Rubus sect. Corylifolii (Rosaceae) in Central Europe

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 388 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERGELY KIRÁLY
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Locus Classicus

During recent herbarium and field studies three names of Rubus sect. Corylifolii ser. Subcanescentes were re-assessed. Rubus macrostemonides was typified with a neotype specimen from Salzburg (Austria), and its identity with R. baruthicus was shown (the previous name has the priority). Its presence at the Austrian locus classicus was confirmed also recently, this locality represents the easternmost occurrence of the species. The name R. holosericeus was (mis)applied for a long time for a widespread taxon occurring southeast of the Alps that is not at all present in the original material. This name was lectotypified with a specimen from Styria (Austria) here as a hitherto overlooked regional species recently recorded in Austria, Hungary and Slovenia. The taxon that was formerly (mis)identified as R. holosericeus has proven to be identical to R. semitomentosus, which is lectotypified here with a specimen from Hungary. For both taxa clarified here is, beside a circumstantial assessment of the type material, an improved morphological characterization and circumscription of distribution and habitats presented.

Review Essay – The Criminal Judge as Modern Inquisitor

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274-1276
Author(s):  
Michael Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
German Empire ◽  
System A ◽  
German States ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Inquisitorial System

The term “inquisition” has had bad press for a long time. Comparably bad is the reputation of the inquisitorial system, a judicial model that dominated German criminal law enforcement until the beginning of the 19th century. A distinctive feature of inquisitorial proceedings is the eminently strong position of the inquisitor who unifies the functions of an investigator, a prosecutor, and a judge in one and the same person. Although the codes of criminal procedure in the German states – which in 1871 formed the Kaiserreich (German Empire of 1871-1918)– included detailed rules of evidence to prevent arbitrary investigations, at the beginning of the 19th century it was a common opinion that these control mechanisms were practically insufficient and that the inquisitorial system ought to be replaced by a judicial model, which would guarantee more effective protection of the defendant against unjustified conviction.

Techniques Used by Elite Women Gymnasts Performing the Handspring Vault at the 1987 Pan American Games

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Takei
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Short Time

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the mechanical factors associated with successful performance of women’s handspring vault and (b) to contrast the findings to those of men to gain insight for improvement of performance. The subjects were 24 female gymnasts in the 1987 Pan American Games. Significant correlations indicated that the following were important determinants for successful results: (a) large horizontal velocity (VH) and distance of hurdle; (b) large vertical velocity (Vv) at touchdown (TD) on board, a large change of Vv on board, and a short time of board contact; (c) large VH and Vv at takeoff (TO) from board; (d) short time of horse contact; (e) large VH and Vv at TO from horse; (f) high body CG at TO from horse; and (g) great distance and height and a long time of postflight. Comparisons revealed that women had significantly smaller VH and Vv at TD on horse and departed from it with significantly smaller VH and Vv than men. This resulted in significantly less height and distance as well as a shorter time of postflight for women even after adjusting for horse height and subject physique.

Pingo collapse and paleoclimatic reconstruction

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Time Required

Long-term field studies of contemporary pingo growth, collapse, and rampart formation along the western Arctic coast of Canada provide criteria that may be helpful in the identification of pingo ramparts in nonpermafrost environments. Such criteria include the volume of the ramparts, which should approximate that of the enclosed depressions from which the rampart materials were derived; peripheral deposits associated with mass wasting, streamflow, and debris flow; casts of dilation crack ice trending across the ramparts; and high-angle peripheral normal faults. The conventional method of correlating the present mean annual air temperature with the present pingo distribution to establish warm-side limiting temperatures for paleoclimatic reconstruction is unsound, because most pingos in North America and the Soviet Union commenced growth hundreds to thousands of years ago under mean annual air temperatures that may have differed greatly from those of the present. Some other factors to be considered in paleoclimatic reconstruction are the thermal offset; site availability; the differing requirements for the growth of large pingos as compared with small pingos; and the long time required for pingos to grow to full size.

Consideration of online rainfall measurement and nowcasting for RTC of the combined sewage system

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rouault ◽  
K. Schroeder ◽  
E. Pawlowsky-Reusing ◽  
E. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Global Control ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Operational Constraints

In Berlin, Germany, the demand for enhanced protection of the environment and the growing economic pressure have led to an increased application of control concepts within the sewage system. A global control strategy to regulate the pumpage of the combined sewage system to the treatment plant was developed and evaluated in a theoretical study. The objective was to reduce CSO. In this paper an extension of the existing control algorithm by information from online rainfall measurement and radar nowcasting is described. The rainfall information is taken into account by two additive terms describing the predicted volume from rainfall runoff. On the basis of numerical simulation the potential of these two complementary forecast terms in the global control algorithm to further reduce CSO is evaluated. The investigations are based on long-time simulations that are conducted with the dynamic flow routing model InfoWorks for three subcatchments of the Berlin drainage system. The results show that at the current Berlin system a CSO reduction of only 0.8% is possible. The effect of the forecast terms is limited by operational constraints. Limits are set to both, the delivery from each individual pump station and the total pumpage to the treatment plant.

scholarly journals Orientation cues and mechanisms used during avian navigation: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-640
Author(s):  
Tushar Tyagi ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Sun Compass ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Celestial Rotation ◽  
Compass Mechanisms ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Navigational Systems

The navigational systems of different animal species are by a wide margin less notable as compared to birds. Humans have been interested in how migratory birds discover their way more than thousands of miles for quite a long time. This review summarizes the cues and compass mechanisms applied in orientation and navigation by non-migrants, diurnal and nocturnal migrants. The magnetic compass, landmarks, olfactory, and memory of spatial cues en route were utilized in homing and migration. The equivalent is valid for the sun compass despite the fact that its job during migration might be undeniably less significant than commonly presumed. Stellar compass and celestial rotation, as a result of their nighttime accessibility, appear to influence the direction of nighttime migrants during the course of migration. The celestial cues go through notable changes because of the latitude shift during bird migration. Sunset cues alter their location with seasons and latitudes. The recognizable stars lose height and lastly vanish underneath the horizon, whereas new stars show up. These new ones must be calibrated. As celestial rotation not imparting a reference, it is not unexpected that the magnetic compass turns into the main cue that controls the directional importance of stars and sunset cues. Field studies have revealed that, in certain species, a considerable extent of individuals get back to similar breeding, overwintering, and stopover areas in progressive years. This review proposes that migratory birds have advanced uncommon cognitive capacities that empower them to achieve these accomplishments.      

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