scholarly journals Antimicrobial Screening of Euphorbia hirta L. and Pedalium murex L. - A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
DR. Jenifer Solomon Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
The Family ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value.Herbal medicine is still mainstay of about 75-80 % of the whole population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatiability with the human body and fewer side effects.Euphorbia hirta (amman pacharisi) is a small perennial herb which belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae and it is used to treat bronchitic asthma, ameoboidal dysentry and laryngeal spasm.Pedalium murex (yanai nerunjil) is a much-branched annual herb. This belongs to the family of Pedaliaceae and is used to treat gonohorrea, urinary track infections and spermatohorrea.The present study is to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and organic solvent leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta and Pedalium murexThe antimicrobial assay is done by disc diffusion method []against bacterial species (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas liquefaciens and lcaligenes spp.) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus erythrocephalus and Fusarium spp.).

scholarly journals Evaluation and phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Ficus dalhousiae Miq

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Shaik Baba Fakruddin ◽  
B. Mohammed Rizwan ◽  
K. Diwakar ◽  
B. Syed salman ◽  
B. Anil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The aim of the present study was to isolate the Extract from the leaves of Ficus dalhousiae Miq and subse-quently evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The crude various extracts of the plant n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Methanol extract was obtained by using continuous soxhlation tech-nique using soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial activity of plant extract were carried using cup plate method against three bacterial species Staphylococcus aures, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method. those are compared with standard reference drug Ciprofloxacin. This study confirmed that bark extracts have more active constituents compare to leaf extracts. by pharmacological evaluation of Ficus dalhousea Miq. Various extracts, most of them are capable of showing moderate antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts from Spinacia oleraceae L. (Amaranthaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Firza Shafique ◽  
Uzma Naureen ◽  
Annam Zikrea ◽  
Sohail Akhter ◽  
Tanzila Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. SO) leaves represent an important dietary source, have high nutritional value and antimicrobial properties. Spinach leaves have been used in the treatment of human diseases since ancient times. Here, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of ethanolic extract of Spinach oleracea leaves by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using well diffusion method against bacterial        species Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebseilla pneumonia and fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger,        Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum. We evaluated from present data that ethanolic extract of root showed zone of inhibition ranges from 6 mm to 21 mm, ethanolic extract of stem showed zone of inhibition ranges from 8 mm to 21 mm and ethanolic extract of leaf showed zone of inhibition ranges from 9 mm to 22 mm from concentration 25 mg/ml to 100mg/ml. Leaf extract has high antibacterial and antifungal activity against bacterial and fungal species while root extract has low antibacterial and antifungal activity against bacterial and fungal species. Activity of plant extract was increased by the increasing concentration of extracts. Very low zone of inhibition was found at concentration 25 mg/1 ml DMSO which ranges from 6 mm to 14 mm while very high zone of inhibition was found at concentration 100 mg/ml which ranges from 6 mm to 22 mm. So, ethanolic extracts of Spinach oleraceae has good efficiency against bacterial and fungal species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effects of Verbascum thapsus L. leaf extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125
Author(s):  
Wajid Khan ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Zainul Wahab ◽  
Muhammad Nazir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bacillus Atrophaeus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Antimicrobial activity of leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. using different extractions solvents was evaluated. Extracts were prepared and tested against different bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus atrophaeus, Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii and fungal species (Alternaria solani, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus). Disc and well diffusion assays were used for screening antibacterial and antifungal potential of extracts. The ethyl acetate extract produced the maximum zone of inhibition (70% ZI) against K. pneumoniae at 3000 μg/disc. Methanol extracts formed 68% ZI against S. typhi, 54% ZI against A. tumefacian and 50% ZI against C. freundii, respectively at 3000 μg/disc respectively. Against the fungal species, the methanol extract was effective and formed maximum zone of inhibition (50% ZI) against A. solani at 3000 μg/well. Hexane extract was moderately active against bacterial species but inactive against tested fungal species. T. rubrum was resistant and none of the tested extracts affected its growth.

Substituted 6,7-dimethoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,9b-tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole- 3-1,1-dioxide Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Assisted Prediction of the Mechanism of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 2681-2691
Author(s):  
Athina Geronikaki ◽  
Victor Kartsev ◽  
Phaedra Eleftheriou ◽  
Anthi Petrou ◽  
Jasmina Glamočlija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Although a great number of the targets of antimicrobial therapy have been achieved, it remains among the first fields of pharmaceutical research, mainly because of the development of resistant strains. Docking analysis may be an important tool in the research for the development of more effective agents against specific drug targets or multi-target agents 1-3. Methods: In the present study, based on docking analysis, ten tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole derivatives were chosen for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity. Results: All compounds showed antibacterial activity against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species being, in some cases, more potent than ampicillin and streptomycin against all species. The most sensitive bacteria appeared to be S. aureus and En. Cloacae, while M. flavus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the most resistant ones. The compounds were also tested for their antifungal activity against eight fungal species. All compounds exhibited good antifungal activity better than reference drugs bifonazole (1.4 – 41 folds) and ketoconazole (1.1 – 406 folds) against all fungal species. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action, docking studies on different antimicrobial targets were performed. Conclusion: According to docking analysis, the antifungal activity can be explained by the inhibition of the CYP51 enzyme for most compounds with a better correlation of the results obtained for the P.v.c. strain (linear regression between estimated binding Energy and log(1/MIC) with R 2 =0.867 and p=0.000091 or R 2 = 0.924, p= 0.000036, when compound 3 is excluded.

scholarly journals Control of Clinical Pathogens by the Haemolymph of Paratelphusa hydrodromous, a Freshwater Crab

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arul Prakash ◽  
S. Balasubramanian ◽  
G. Gunasekaran ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
P. Senthil Raja
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Clinical Pathogens ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

In the present study, effort has been made to find the antimicrobial activity of haemolymph collected from freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous. The haemolymph collected was tested for antimicrobial assay by disc diffusion method against clinical pathogens. Five bacterial species, namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and five fungal strains, namely and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp., were selected for the study. The result shows a strong response of haemolymph against the clinical pathogens which confirms the immune mechanism of the freshwater crab.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
S. Mabel Parimala ◽  
A. Antilin Salomi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

People use plants to treat infections, and this has led to search of antimicrobials from medicinal plants. In this work, we evaluated the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini seeds for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Extraction was performed by maceration method using ethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of the extract was assessed by agar well diffusion method against ten bacterial species, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, and five fungal species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Mucor sp. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract were determined by resazurin microtiter plate assay.  Phytochemicals in the extract was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) information.  In agar well diffusion method, Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens, Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis and E. faecalis and fungi A. fumigatus were more susceptible showing larger zones of inhibition.  In resazurin method, low MICs were recorded for bacteria, B. cereus (<7.8 µg) and P. aeruginosa (15.6 µg) and fungi, A. fumigatus (31.2 µg).  Fifteen compounds were identified by GC-MS profiling of the extract.  The antimicrobial activity of the extract can be rightly related to the secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini seeds.

scholarly journals LC-ESI/MS and GC-MS Methanol Extract Analysis, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Centella asiatica

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Ondeko ◽  
Bernard F. Juma ◽  
Lilechi D. Baraza ◽  
Peter K. Nyongesa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Aims: To determine chemical constituents of the Leaf extracts of Centella asiatica using the LC-MS and GC-MS and their antimicrobial activities. Study Design: Structural determination of compounds from the leaf extracts was done using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were done using disc diffusion method. Place and Duration of Study:  Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya: Between 2016-2019. Methodology: Plant materials of C. asiatica were sequentially extracted separately based on the polarity viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Determination of chemical constituents was done using LC-MS and GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening. The extracts were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Standard antimicrobials viz. ampicillin and Nystatin were used as the control. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results: Phytochemical screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed that terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and proteins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates were present. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of the methanolic extracts identified 22 and 33 compounds, respectively, by use of the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) library. The extracts showed appreciable activity against common microbes tested. Conclusion: This study forms the basis for the biological characterization and significance of the compounds identified in the leaf and stem extracts of C. asiatica. These compounds are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities that could be established as potential candidates for future drug development. However, these extracts, need to be subjected to further chromatographic procedures to isolate the identified compounds and their bioactivities determined.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias L. and Melilotus sulcatus Desf. against some pathogenic microorganisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Miloud M. Miloud ◽  
Najma A. Senussi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The present study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias and Melilotus sulcatus against four bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. and two fungal species Asperigillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The effect of these extracts was most effective against the bacterial species compared to the fungal species at a used concentration (100 mg/ml). Methanolic extracts of selected plants displayed good antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms species, while, no activity for aqueous extracts against tested fungal species. Methanolic extracts were the most effective plant extracts against all tested bacterial species, with MIC and MBC reached 6.2 and 12.5 mg/ml, except Klebsiella sp. which was less sensitive to M. sulcatus methanolic extract and its MIC and MBC reached 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. These plant extracts which proved to be potentially effective can be used as bioactive agents to control microorganisms caused for diseases and they can be used naturally in the human and veterinary healthcare systems.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ECOTYPES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. AND OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Eleena Panda ◽  
Chinmay Pradhan ◽  
Anath Bandhu Das
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims at the comparative analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of four ecotypes of Odisha, India, each of <em>Oxalis corniculata </em>L. (OC-Eco-1, OC-Eco-2, OC-Eco-3, OC-Eco-4) and <em>Oxalis debilis</em> Kunth. (OD-Eco-1, OD-Eco-2, OD-Eco-3, OD-Eco-4) of the family Oxalidaceae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ecotypes were collected from four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Khurda) of Odisha, India. The qualitative phytochemical screening was done to test glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Further analysis of phytochemicals was also screened through TLC and HPTLC. Antimicrobial potentiality of leaf extract of various ecotypes was studied against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Streptococcus epidermis</em> by disc diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tannin and terpenoids estimation revealed that significantly high amount of phytoconstituents were present in OD-Eco-3 of <em>O. debilis</em>. The methanolic leaf extracts of each ecotype were screened for qualitative analysis of phytochemical through TLC and HPTLC that showed maximum 16 compounds in <em>O. debilis </em>(OD-Eco-3)<em> </em>a new report, as compared to <em>O. corniculata. </em>All the four ecotypes of <em>O. debilis</em><em> </em>showed some new HPTLC bands (Rf 0.96, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81) as compared to <em>O. corniculata </em>that occupied 7.70%, 22.38%, 23.79% and 34.42% of peak area respectively. Cluster analysis on the basis of HPTLC banding pattern showed a close affinity among ecotypes of each species. Crude extracts showed antibacterial activity against <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. epidermis</em>. Leaf extracts of ecotypes of <em>O. corniculata</em> showed zones of inhibition and MIC better than that of <em>O. debilis </em>against <em>S. epidermis</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings significantly reported some new compounds for the first time in <em>O. debilis. </em>The study also indicated a promising potential of antimicrobial activity of <em>O. debilis</em> which was the first report.</p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Phoebe lanceolata and Stephania glabra; Preliminary Screening Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Semwal ◽  
U. Rawat ◽  
A. Bamola ◽  
R. Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Ethanolic extracts of Phoebe lanceolata stem bark and Stephania glabra tubers were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against five bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus (along with ten hospital strains), Staphylococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and six fungal species Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum citranum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, obtained from different culture media. The plants/parts extracts were found active against most of the tested microorganism with MIC range of 50-100µg/ml. The MIC was taken at the lower concentration where inhibition ceased. Novobiocin (15 µg/ml) and erythromycin (15 µg/ml) were used as positive controls for bacterial and fungus species respectively.  Keywords:Antimicrobial activity; Streptococcus mutans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microsporum gypseum; Nutrient and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2423               J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 662-666 (2009) 

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