Solar Autopilot Drone

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Shukla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Engine System

Advances in technology have made the drone an affordable tool for various purposes. This article focuses on gaining knowledge of drone at a working and conceptual level. Firstly, there is a detailed explanation of the construction of the drone. Some of the most essential elements of a drone include frame, propellers, engine, system of power the electronic control and communication system. Whether you fly your drone for commercial or recreational purposes, staying in the air as long as possible is the goal. But of course, the battery life of the drone can put a damper on how much you can accomplish while you’re flying.Batteries serve as a major drawback because they get exhausted after 15 minutes of flight and thereby landing the drone on ground. The batteries used for powering the drones are lithium-polymer batteries.This project aims to provide an ingenious solution to this hurdle by introducing the current popular photovoltaic system into the UAV power system design.Solar drones use solar cells powered directly from the sun and solve major issues related to conventional drones such as increasing the flight time and risk of the drone losing connectivity with its controller. The design is to be modular for easy module upgrade and replacement. Using photovoltaic system minimizes the environmental impact, an issue that can be controversial for large projects built for utilities because they tend to spread across hundreds of acres of land in remote regions.

scholarly journals photonic cloning of seas and oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Adi Al A’assam ◽  
M.W. Ahamd
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Rivers And Lakes

Abstract When studying the water reality and calculating the increase in the quantities of water per year, we find that there is another way to increase the percentage of water, and that is through optical reproduction. For a detailed explanation of the location of water on Earth, see the map and the data table shown below. Note that the world’s add up to water supply is almost 1.387 million cubic kilometers (332.6 cubic miles) of wate, of which more than 96% is salt water. As for fresh water, more than 96% are trapped by rivers and glaciers, and 30% are on the ground. As for the freshwater resources represented in rivers and lakes, they constitute about 93,100 cubic kilometers (22,300 cubic miles), which is about 1/150 of 1% of the total water. Rivers and lakes still make up most of the water sources that people use daily. The amount of water stored in the oceans for long periods is much more than that which moves through the water cycle. The total water supply worldwide is 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (321,000,000 cubic miles), of which 1,338,0, 000 cubic kilometers (332,500,000 cubic miles) are stored in the oceans at a rate of 95%, as the oceans give almost 90% of the water. Dissipated that goes to the water cycle. The photonic cloning resulting by the sun contributes to the consistency of water level. Indeed, the consistency of ocean water depends not only on the natural cycle of evaporation process of those waters to return to the oceans again, but also on the photonic cloning resulting by the sun, as experiment has vividly shown.

A Minimally Invasive Management Approach to Tetracycline Staining of Adult Dentition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Pallavi Tewari ◽  
Vineeta Nikhil ◽  
Isha Sajjanhar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Invasive Management

Tetracyclines were introduced as broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of various infections, both in children and adults. One of the major drawback with tetracycline is its incorporation into the tooth that are calcifying leading to discoloration which ranges from yellow grey to brownish black as they have the ability to chelate calcium. There is a possibility that this discoloration may not be limited to developing tooth but may also affect adult dentition after eruption. When given over long periods of time in adults, the tetracycline molecule is incorporated into the continuously forming secondary dentin. It is possible that continuous exposure of the incorporated tetracycline to the sun might lead to the formation of oxidation product and lead to discoloration. This case report suggests minimally invasive strategies to manage tetracycline staining in adult dentition. Keywords: Tetracycline stains, Adult dentition, Bleaching, Microabrasion, Direct Veneers.

Chasing Martians

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
David A. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
River Valleys

This chapter reviews the question of whether life could exist on Mars today as certain conditions must hold true in order for chemically based life to develop and take root. It points out that Mars has ancient, dried-up river valleys, deltas, and lake-like formations, and the Sun shines brightly on Mars. It also describes Mars' abundant supply of atmosphere and soil that supply a handful of bio-essential elements: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The chapter looks at evidence that was summarized in 2016 by Ray Arvidson and James S. McDonnell, which reveals multiple time periods when Mars was warm enough and wet enough for long enough to support life. It mentions the Opportunity rover that explored the ancient wide Endeavor Crater and found that the crater generated a hydrothermal system that would have produced a relatively habitable subsurface environment.

Determination of Mars Solar-Belt by Modeling of Solar Radiation Using Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Khatib ◽  
Irjuwan Abunajeeb ◽  
Zainab Heneni
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Feed Forward Back Propagation ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Artificial Neural

Missions to Mars need a power source, while, one of the most compatible sources for such a purpose is the photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic systems generate power based on the available energy from the Sun, and thus, solar radiation intensity at Mars should be known for design purposes. In this research, the feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network is developed to predict solar radiation in terms of longitude, latitude, time of the day, temperature, altitude, pressure, amount of dust, and volume mixing ratio of water ice clouds. Data which are used to develop this model are obtained from the Mars Climate Database. The results of the developed method are accurate as compared with other methods whereas the correlation (R2) coefficient for the developed model is 0.97. The developed model then is used to predict mean solar radiation and mean temperature for every location on Mars and then the data are presented on Mars maps in order to determine the best location for harvesting energy from the Sun by photovoltaic systems. According to results, the solar radiation-temperature belt on Mars is found to be between latitudes 20 deg south and 15 deg north.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM BY INCORPORATING TRACKING SYSTEM AND MPPT: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S Udhayakumar ◽  
R A Sindhu ◽  
R Srivasthan ◽  
Y Yogaraj
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

The harvesting of solar energy is gaining increasing attention as it is pollution free and is available in abundance. Various researches and experiments are being carried out to improve the efficiency of power conversion by altering the material of the photovoltaic panels, by incorporating tracking systems and by making use of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The conventional rigidly fixed solar panels limit their area of exposure to the sun during the entire day. The use of tracker increases the area of panel exposed to direct beam of the sun, thus increasing the power generated. MPPT algorithm tracks the maximum power point attained at all loads and extracts the power from the panel at that voltage. Despite the variations in the external environment, the power obtained from the panel is always maximum. This paper reviews various tracking methods and MPPT techniques to increase the energy harvesting capacity of the panel and in turn improve its efficiency.

scholarly journals The Sun, Energetic option for Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luis Delgado-Ponce ◽  
Oscar Joel Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Johnny López-Flores ◽  
Teresa Geraldine Cárdenas-Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Selection Of

For the Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca it has been necessary and very important its building become sustainable, therefore, the sun is an energy option to achieve it, this study shows the use of clean energy to produce electrical energy, the objective is to use the photovoltaic effect using technology and regional suppliers, so that when it is a sunny day, electricity is generated and when this resource is not available, the service of the electricity company, CFE in Mexico provides it. It begins by locating within the globe the point where the SFVI (interconnected photovoltaic system) will be installed, in this case latitude 20.577136 and longitude -101.232293, there are two requirements prior to meeting, which has to do with the selection of the location, the first It refers to technical aspects, such as solar resources, type of terrain and the shadows that could be generated in the place, according to the fulfillment of legal requirements and necessary permits for the selected place. The criteria used in the Interconnected photovoltaic system are shown, to achieve sustainability for Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca.

AN EVALUATION APPROACH FOR ELIMINATING THE FAILURE EFFECT IN GAS TURBINE USING FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Balin ◽  
H Demirel ◽  
F Alarçin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Pneumatic Equipment

This paper demonstrated the fuzzy AHP combined with fuzzy VIKOR technique integrated with essentials of weight in order to overcome the risk evaluation process of the uncertainty in subjective perception and experience of human. Gas turbine has considerably expanded its role in several areas subsequent to the improvement in high efficiency and clean energy such as aviation and marine propulsion systems, electric power stations, and natural gas and petroleum transportation. However, the cost of various industrial plants and their relevant maintenance appear to be extremely expensive to be operated by these gas turbines. This paper aimed to cope with the essential elements of gas turbine including hydraulic-pneumatic equipment, electronic control equipment, and bearing equipment. The results have proved the bearing equipment to have been the most effected alternative, as being ensued by hydraulic-pneumatic equipment and electronic control equipment.

Simulation Research of Engine’s Electronic Control System Based on Modular Modeling Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 1078 ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Jian Min Sun ◽  
Ling Hua Gao ◽  
Yun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
System Model ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Modular Modeling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Electronic Control System ◽  
Engine System

Abstract. Modular modeling method was adopted to build model for the engine’s electronic control system , including the engine system model, sensor model, controller model and actuator models. For the engine system, the modeling approach of the average value was used to establish an air supply system model, the fuel supply system model and the engine power take-off model. By the method of mathematical fit, a mathematical model of electronic control engine’s sensors was established. Based on Mat-lab/Simulink, it designed simulation system and proceeded simulation tests for each model of engine control system, then the results show that the model is correct, and it can manifest the changes of relevant parameters during the actual operational process of the engine.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Methodology to Evaluate Parasitic Energy Consumption for Different Types of Dual-Axis Sun Tracking Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Tan ◽  
Tze-Koon Wang ◽  
Chee-Woon Wong ◽  
Kok-Keong Chong ◽  
Boon-Han Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Consumptions

A dual-axis sun tracking system is an essential strategy to maximize the optical efficiency of harnessing solar energy. However, there is no significant study yet to optimize the net performance of the photovoltaic (PV) or concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system equipped with a dual-axis sun tracking system. Parasitic energy loss associated with the power consumption of the sun tracking system is one of the major concerns for the solar industrial players. To address this issue, a comprehensive methodology has been developed to evaluate the yearly cumulative range of motion for dual-axis sun tracking systems in the cases of with and without fixed parking positions across the latitudes ranging from 45°N to 45°S. The parasitic energy consumptions have been investigated for three selected types of dual-axis sun tracking systems, i.e., the azimuth-elevation sun tracking system (AE-STS), polar dual-axis sun tracking system (PD-STS), and horizontal dual-axis sun tracking system (HD-STS). The simulated results indicate that the dual-axis sun tracking system with the nonfixed parking (or stow) position has lower yearly cumulative parasitic energy consumption with respect to the sun tracking system with a fixed parking position. Lastly, our simulation result has shown that the parasitic energy consumption of the sun tracking is relatively smaller to that of the electrical energy generated by the concentrator photovoltaic system with the ratio between 0.15% and 0.29% for AE-STS, between 0.15% and 0.30% for PD-STS, and between 0.17% and 0.35% for HD-STS.

scholarly journals Air Terminal Design using Photovoltaic Panels with Energy Conservation Optimization Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Bayat ◽  
Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar ◽  
Seyed Bagher Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Today, excessive consumption of fossil fuels in architecture, especially air terminals and with the increase in the number of terminals along with population growth, the energy shortage crisis in the not-so-distant future in this high-use structure predicted. Therefore, the present study aims was designing an air terminal using photovoltaic panels with an energy efficiency optimization approach. The most important energy efficiency of the sun is its direct conversion to electricity. One of the systems for direct conversion of energy from radiation to electrical energy is the photovoltaic system. Advantages of using photovoltaic panels have led to the growing use of these plates at various scales. In addition, the use of photovoltaic panels as structural elements in architecture has created innovations in the building industry and has given a new meaning to the architecture. The use of photovoltaics in terminals is a smart method to bring contemporary architecture to a new concept in green architecture. Finally, we can say that photovoltaic module has a double function in the terminal; that is, photovoltaic module also replaces conventional building materials and they produce electricity. By replacing photovoltaics, cost of materials is deducted from the total cost of the building and the cost of the photovoltaic acquisition is partially offset. Such as the integration of photovoltaics with the roof which is the best way to get the maximum efficiency of the system in which the sun is perpendicular to it.

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