Effects of Time-Compression on Feature and Frequency Discrimination in Aged Listeners

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rastatter ◽  
Marie Watson ◽  
Dianna Strauss-Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Age Range

This study measured the ability of 16 aged listeners, normal for their age (age range, 63 to 84 yr.) to discriminate phonemic contrasts in sentential stimuli (Subtest 13 of the Carrow-Auditory Visual Abilities Test) presented at 50% time-compression rate. A series of linear regression analyses were performed in which each independent variable was regressed against the continuous variable of age. Over-all performance on the time-compressed task significantly decreased as a function of age. Also discrimination of place of articulation and mid- to high-frequency contrasts was significantly and negatively related to age In general, such findings suggest that the course of aging continuously imposes degrading effects on speech-processing that are related to discrimination of place feature contrasts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of working memory in relation to cochlear implant consonant speech discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai M. El Ghazaly ◽  
Mona I. Mourad ◽  
Nesrine H. Hamouda ◽  
Mohamed A. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Word List ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Speech And Language Development

Abstract Background Speech perception in cochlear implants (CI) is affected by frequency resolution, exposure time, and working memory. Frequency discrimination is especially difficult in CI. Working memory is important for speech and language development and is expected to contribute to the vast variability in CI speech reception and expression outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate CI patients’ consonants discrimination that varies in voicing, manner, and place of articulation imparting differences in pitch, time, and intensity, and also to evaluate working memory status and its possible effect on consonant discrimination. Results Fifty-five CI patients were included in this study. Their aided thresholds were less than 40 dBHL. Consonant speech discrimination was assessed using Arabic consonant discrimination words. Working memory was assessed using Test of Memory and Learning-2 (TOMAL-2). Subjects were divided according to the onset of hearing loss into prelingual children and postlingual adults and teenagers. Consonant classes studied were fricatives, stops, nasals, and laterals. Performance on the high frequency CVC words was 64.23% ± 17.41 for prelinguals and 61.70% ± 14.47 for postlinguals. These scores were significantly lower than scores on phonetically balanced word list (PBWL) of 79.94% ± 12.69 for prelinguals and 80.80% ± 11.36 for postlinguals. The lowest scores were for the fricatives. Working memory scores were strongly and positively correlated with speech discrimination scores. Conclusions Consonant discrimination using high frequency weighted words can provide a realistic tool for assessment of CI speech perception. Working memory skills showed a strong positive relationship with speech discrimination abilities in CI.

Sentence processing in language-impaired children under conditions of filtering and time compression

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Stark ◽  
James W. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
On Line ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Monitoring Performance

ABSTRACTNineteen language-impaired (LI) and 20 language-normal (LN) children participated in an on-line word-monitoring task. Words were presented in lists and in sentences readily comprehended by younger children. The sentences were unaltered, tow-pass filtered, and time- compressed. Both groups had shorter mean response times (MRTs), but lower accuracy, for words in sentences than words in lists. The LI children had significantly longer MRTs under sentence conditions and lower accuracy overall than the LN children. Filtering had an adverse effect upon accuracy and MRT for both subject groups. Time compression did not, suggesting that the reduction in high-frequency information and the rate of presentation exert different effects. Subject differences in attention, as well as in linguistic competence and motor control, may have influenced word-monitoring performance.

Patterns of Adaptation and Personality Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
Alberto Siracusano
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Negative Predictor ◽  
Aggressive Personality

Patterns of adaptation to conflict were explored with the Serial Color-Word Test, and personality disorders were assessed by means of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory in a group of 76 nonpsychotic women volunteers in the age range 18–50 yr. ( M = 29.1 yr., SD = 8.3), who attended a psychiatric outpatients unit. Forward multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether patterns of adaptation were associated with personality disorders. 10 out of 13 personality scales, as measured by the Coolidge Axis II Inventory, were significantly predicted by adaptive variables. Some predictors were positive and others were negative. The variable RAD was a negative predictor of avoidant and dependent personalities. And a positive predictor of Extraversion, Aggressive personality, and Antisocial personality; this finding suggests that RAD may represent the regulative counterpart of a continuum from passive Introversion to aggressive extraversion. The results encourage further research on non-trait laboratory correlates of personality disorders.

AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY PARAMETERS AND RUMEN LIQUID TURNOVER RATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSI EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Ration Composition

Data were accumulated from published sources and were combined in order to estimate the effects of level of feed intake, dietary energy concentration, energy intake level and dietary forage percentage on rumen liquid turnover rates in sheep and cattle. The effects of the dietary parameters on liquid turnover rates were estimated by regression analysis, where all possible combinations of independent variables were considered. It was found that rumen liquid turnover rates increased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased with both sheep (r = 0.610) and cattle (r = 0.715). From multiple regression analyses it was learned that the inclusion of independent variables that were related to the physical composition of the diet along with variables for intake improved the estimation of liquid turnover rates, although the independent variable related to ration composition differed between sheep and cattle. With data from sheep experiments, elevations in the digestible energy content of the diet depressed (P < 0.05) liquid turnover rate. Based upon data from cattle, decreases in the forage portion of the diet had a similar depressing (P < 0.05) effect.

scholarly journals Frequency of Patients Passing an Impacted Esophageal Meat Bolus by Conservative Method Alone

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
sarwat Hassan Syed ◽  
Mohammad Qamar Nasir ◽  
Damish Arsalan ◽  
Muhammad Awais Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Barium Swallow ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Food Bolus ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: To determine the frequency of patients passing the impacted esophageal meat bolus by conservative management Methods: After obtaining permission from ethical committee of Hospital,a total of 62 patients meeting the study criteria were recruited in the study which was conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryn-gology, Services Hospital, Lahore. Demographic information (name, age, gender, contact) was also obtained. Patients with clinical suspicion of impacted esophageal food bolus of age 20-50 years of either gender were included. Patients with known esophageal abnormalities like stricture, web or growth on either barium swallow or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, peptic ulcer and GERD were excluded. After taking informed written consent from each patient, single intravenous dose of buscopan 20mg was given to each patient. Each patient was followed by the researcher himself for 24 hours to assess the passage of food bolus. Results: 20-50 years was the age range in our study, with mean age being 34.10± .63 years. Majority of the patients 32 (51.61%) were between 20 to 35 years of age. Out of 62 subjects, 37 (59.68%) were male, 25 (40.32%) were females with male to female ratio 1.5:1. In our study, Frequency of patients passing the impacted esophageal meat bolus by conservative management was found in 51 (82.26%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a high frequency of patients passing the impacted esophageal meat bolus by conservative management. Keywords: Esophagus, foreign body, conservative management.

PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEMS WITH A LIMITING REACTANT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša A. Horvat ◽  
◽  
Dušica D. Rodić ◽  
Tamara N. Rončević ◽  
Snežana Babić-Kekez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Test Of Knowledge

Mathematical calculations are an important part of chemistry. Those problems are difficult for students, especially if the task is set with a limiting reactant. The aim of this study was development of a Procedure for evaluation of cognitive complexity of the Stoichiometric Tasks with a Limiting Reactant. The procedure created included an assessment of the difficulty of concepts and an assessment of their interactivity. As a research instrument for assessing performance, the test of knowledge was specifically constructed for this research. Each task in the test was followed by a seven-point Likert scale for the evaluation of the invested mental effort. The research included 58 upper-secondary students. The validity of the procedure was confirmed by a series of regression analyses where statistically significant correlation coefficients are obtained among the examined variables: students’ achievement and invested mental effort from cognitive complexity (independent variable). Keywords: chemistry education, stoichiometry, problem tasks, achievement, mental effort

Understanding Time-Compressed Speech: The Effects of Age and Native Language on the Perception of Audiotext and Menus

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny DeGroot ◽  
Eileen C. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nonnative English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Time compression increases the rate of speech without altering its pitch. The present study investigated time compression as a means of improving the efficiency of audiotext applications for a variety of user populations. Subjects from three age groups (20-30, 40-50, and 60-70 years old) and two native language groups (native and nonnative English speakers) interacted with a prototype of an Interactive Voice Response system. Four prototypes were constructed, each containing speech compressed at a different rate: 30%, 20%, 10%, and uncompressed. Each subject telephoned one of the prototypes to learn how to use Call Forwarding and to order another telephone service feature. Compression rate did not significantly interact with age or native language. Across compression rates, 60-year-olds spent significantly more time on the phone than did 20- and 40-year-olds. Moreover, 60-year-olds were significantly less successful at forwarding phone calls, and reported more difficulty and confusion, than other subjects. Nonnative English speakers spent significantly more time on the phone than did native English speakers. Despite this difference, nonnative speakers were just as successful at forwarding phone calls, and rated the system and the announcer just as favorably as did native speakers of English. There was no main effect of compression rate on call duration; faster speech did not result in significantly shorter phone calls.

Long-term remission durability and functional status of patients treated for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with the CHOP regimen.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J O Armitage ◽  
M A Fyfe ◽  
J Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chop Regimen ◽  
Histiocytic Lymphoma ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Diffuse Histiocytic Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Free

Thirty-eight (51%) of 75 patients treated with CHOP for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma achieved complete remission. Twenty-three of the complete responders are currently alive in complete remission 24-78 months (median, 38 months) after discontinuing therapy. Eleven patients died from recurrent lymphoma and four patients died in complete remission from other causes. Evaluation of the 23 patients alive in complete remission found them mostly well and without serious sequelae to therapy. Comparison with 20 patients who were in the same age range, were disease free after surgery, and had no other therapy for colon cancer revealed only an increased frequency of sexual dysfunction in the chemotherapy-treated lymphoma patients. Sixty-one percent of patients who achieved complete remission with the CHOP regimen are long-term disease-free survivors and are generally well except for an apparently high frequency of sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals Maternal anthropometry as a predictor of birth weight

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
C G N Mascie-Taylor ◽  
Housne Ara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Community Based ◽  
North West ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
Sequential Regression ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether maternal anthropometry predicted birth weight, and if so, to identify which cut-offs provided the best prediction of low birth weight (LBW) in a field situation.DesignCommunity-based longitudinal study.SettingA rural union of Bhaluka Upazila, Mymensingh, located 110 km north-west of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 1104 normotensive, non-smoking pregnant women who attended community nutrition centres were studied from first presentation at the centre until delivery of their child.ResultsMost of the pregnant mothers were between 20 and 34 years of age. Over one-third of the women were nulliparous, while 12.8% were multiparous (parity ≥ 4). Most (93%) mothers registered between the 3rd and 5th month of pregnancy. The frequency of LBW ( < 2500 g) was 17%. Polynomial regression analyses showed that the best predictors of birth weight (based on adjusted R2 values) were in general weight at registration and weight at month 9, with adjusted R2 ranging from 2.5% to nearly 20%. Sequential regression analyses with height and weight showed that there was a significant effect of height after removing the weight variables, and adjusted R2 increased in all analyses. Weight and height at registration month continued to be the best predictors of LBW. Sensitivity and specificity curves were drawn for each registration month, body mass index and different weight gain groups, and using different weight and height combinations. The results showed that, for registration month 3–5, a combination of weight ( ≤ 45 kg) and height ( ≤ 150 cm) gave the highest sensitivity, which was 50%. However, maternal weight ≤ 43 kg in pregnancy month 3–5 alone gave the highest sensitivity of 80%.ConclusionThe best predictor of birth weight as a continuous variable was maternal weight at registration, each 1 kg increase in weight at registration being associated with an increase in birth weight of about 260 g. Maternal weight ≤ 43 kg in pregnancy month 3–5 alone gave the highest sensitivity of 80%. A combination of initial weight and height of the mother was not as good a predictor of LBW as weight alone.

scholarly journals THE CHALLENGE OF AML IN OLDER PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K Burnett
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Independent Prognostic Significance

There has been a gradual improvement in the outcome for younger patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia over the last two decades, but unfortunately this same progress is not apparent in older patients. “Old” has come to mean rather arbitrarily, patients over 60 years. This age cut off has been perpetuated by clinical trials whose eligibility is frequently at this cut point. Age is a continuous variable right through all age groups with AML and has independent prognostic significance. Chemo-resistance of the disease itself is part of the explanation, with a high frequency of adverse biology occurring at older age(1,2). Patient characteristics which compromise the delivery of treatment of adequate intensity are the other important influence. Medical co-morbidities are more frequent, and when combined with what is sometimes referred to as limited haematopoietic reserve, undoubtedly make successful delivery of intensive therapy less likely. Since........

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