Brain Response Correlates of Repressiveness

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Shevrin ◽  
Dean E. Fritzler
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Adolescent Twins ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Group

Averaged evoked responses (AER) to tactile stimulation were compared for two groups of same-sex adolescent twins. An experimental group consisted of 5 pairs of twins who differed in repressiveness ratings based on the Rorschach; a control group consisted of 5 pairs of twins who were identical in repressiveness ratings. Significant amplitude differences ( p < .01) were found for three components of the AER for the twins who differed in repressiveness while comparable differences were not found for the control group. Sensitivity to the ideational effects of a subliminal visual stimulus was found to be associated with low repressiveness ( p < .05). These findings support the hypothesis that repressiveness is reflected in an intensification of attention directed to neutral external stimuli as demonstrated by an increase in amplitude of AER components previously found to be associated with attentional processes and a decrease in attention to internal, ideational processes as reflected in low sensitivity to subliminal inputs.

The Effects of Daycare Intervention in the Preschool Years on the Narrative Skills of Poverty Children in Kindergarten

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne V. Feagans ◽  
Dale C. Farran
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

The following study examined narrative skills in 89 poverty children, half of whom had received an infant daycare intervention (experimental) and half whom had not (control). At school entry these groups were split again with half of each group receiving school-age intervention. For each child in the sample, a child of the same sex in their classroom was chosen to form a local population sample (LPS). Children were read stories of varying thematic cohesiveness and asked both to comprehend and paraphrase the narratives in the fall and spring of the kindergarten year. The results indicated that the preschool experimental group performed better than the preschool control group on the comprehension and paraphrase of the stories in the fall but not in the spring. The LPS group was especially better able to paraphrase stories in comparison to the poverty groups. Discussion is centred on reasons for the convergence of the two poverty groups over kindergarten and the possible cultural differences that led to their poorer performance with respect to the LPS group.

scholarly journals PSIII-23 Effect of feed antioxidants on behavior and stress resistance of fattening pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
Roman V Nekrasov ◽  
Magomed G Chabaev ◽  
Elena Y Tsis ◽  
Nadezhda V Bogolyubova ◽  
Alexey V Mishurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Lysis Rate ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Antioxidants application (selenium, vitamin E and flavonoids) in pig diets provides solving the problem of oxidative stress effects. The research aims to study the efficiency of supplement Taxifolin feeding to reduce the stress effects. Experiments were performed using crossbred [(BWxL)xD] pigs (BW1=34.5–34.9 kg, N=36, n = 9) during the fattening period. Animals were allocated to 4 groups: 1 – control (standard forage – SF, without stress – STR-), 2 – control (SF, STR+), 3 – experimental (SF+0.2 mg kg Se, STR+), 4 – experimental group (SF+32 mg kg TAX, STR+). The animals were kept for 3 heads in a stall and to simulate technological stress, they were rotated within the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups every 14 days. The incidence of animal anxiety was directly dependent on the recorded acts of aggression (17%; 29%; 29%; 25% & 8%; 27%; 35%; 30% of the total incidence, according to the experimental groups). In general, for the whole fattening period, the average daily gain increase by 1,6% was recorded in the fourth experimental group compared to the first control group (1012.1±43.5 vs. 996.4±32.8 g, P &gt; 0.5). The Taxifolin effect was manifested as an “adaptive factor” to external stimuli under simulated stress, and contributed to a decrease in cortisol level in the animals’ blood at the end of the experiment (215±53 vs. 309±107, 294±111, 305±61 nmol/l, P &gt; 0.5). At the end of the experiment pigs fed with Taxifolin had the higher lysis rate by 19.2% (42.0±4.8 vs. 22.8±2.5, P &lt; 0.5), the lysozyme content in the blood serum – by 0.35 µg/ml (0.79±0.10 vs. 0.44±0.04 µg/ml, P &lt; 0,5) compared to the control. Consequently, stressors prevention by using natural antioxidants (bioflavonoids) is justified. The work was supported by the grant No. 19-16-00068 of the Russian Science Foundation and GZ АААА-А18-118021590136-7.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary supplements on the growth, development and prevention of diseases of hypotrophic piglets

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Polozuk ◽  
Margarita Vasilyevna Zabelina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Young Growth ◽  
Bacillus Strains

It was established that the use of a probiotic based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus of the B. subtillus and B. amyloliquefaciens bacillus strains in hypotrophic piglets in the early postnatal period of development made it possible to take top dressing earlier than the peers of the control group, to actively respond to external stimuli, and the mother’s call during feeding. At the end of the experiment, the safety of hypotrophic piglets in the experimental group was 8.2% higher than that of the control analogues. The difference in body weight gain between physiologically developed young growth and hypotrophic piglets in the control and experimental groups was maintained throughout the experiment, at the end of the experiment it was higher by 12.7 and 11.1%, respectively.    

scholarly journals Multimodal MRI Assessment of Thalamic Structural Changes in Earthquake Survivors

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Federico Bruno ◽  
Alessandra Splendiani ◽  
Emanuele Tommasino ◽  
Massimiliano Conson ◽  
Mario Quarantelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Echoplanar Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Group

Moving from the central role of the thalamus in the integration of inner and external stimuli and in the implementation of a stress-related response, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of any MRI structural and volumetric changes of the thalamic structures in earthquake witnesses. Forty-one subjects were included, namely 18 university students belonging to the experimental earthquake-exposed group (8 males and 10 females, mean age 24.5 ± 1.8 years) and a control group of 23 students not living in any earthquake-affected areas at the time of the earthquake (14 males and 9 females, mean age 23.7 ± 2.0 years). Instrumental MRI evaluation was performed using a 3-Tesla scanner, by acquiring a three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (FSPGR) sequence for volumetric analysis and an EPI (echoplanar imaging) sequence to extract fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. As compared to the control one, the experimental group showed significantly lower gray matter volume in the mediodorsal nucleus of the left thalamus (p < 0.001). The dominant hemisphere thalamus in the experimental group showed higher mean ADC values and lower mean FA values as compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Spatial tuning of electrophysiological responses to multisensory stimuli reveals a primitive coding of the body boundaries in newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2024548118
Author(s):  
Irene Ronga ◽  
Mattia Galigani ◽  
Valentina Bruno ◽  
Jean-Paul Noel ◽  
Andrea Gazzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Electrophysiological Mechanism

The ability to identify our own body and its boundaries is crucial for survival. Ideally, the sooner we learn to discriminate external stimuli occurring close to our body from those occurring far from it, the better (and safer) we may interact with the sensory environment. However, when this mechanism emerges within ontogeny is unknown. Is it something acquired throughout infancy, or is it already present soon after birth? The presence of a spatial modulation of multisensory integration (MSI) is considered a hallmark of a functioning representation of the body position in space. Here, we investigated whether MSI is present and spatially organized in 18- to 92-h-old newborns. We compared electrophysiological responses to tactile stimulation when concurrent auditory events were delivered close to, as opposed to far from, the body in healthy newborns and in a control group of adult participants. In accordance with previous studies, adult controls showed a clear spatial modulation of MSI, with greater superadditive responses for multisensory stimuli close to the body. In newborns, we demonstrated the presence of a genuine electrophysiological pattern of MSI, with older newborns showing a larger MSI effect. Importantly, as for adults, multisensory superadditive responses were modulated by the proximity to the body. This finding may represent the electrophysiological mechanism responsible for a primitive coding of bodily self boundaries, thus suggesting that even just a few hours after birth, human newborns identify their own body as a distinct entity from the environment.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PEMIJATAN PADA BAYI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN BAYI USIA 3- 5 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAPIAN DOLOK KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Parmiana Bangun ◽  
Renny Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Normally Distributed

Development of a person is at the age of 0-12 months. It is said to be the golden age because infancy is very short and cannot be repeated. One form of stimulation that has been carried out by the community is baby massage. Baby massage is a tactile stimulation that canstimulate muscles, bones and organ systems to function optimally. Methods This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design approach. The pretest was conducted in the intervention group and the control group regarding the baby's weight gain before massage. Posttest will be conducted in both groups after the intervention is given. Results: The results of the normality test of the data with the Shapiro-Wilk test in the experimental group from each measurement and the increase showed that they were not normally distributed (p<0.05); while the control group whose data were normally distributed were on the 2nd Week, 3rd Week, and 4th Week measurements, while the others were not normally distributed. For comparison of the baby's weight from each measurement because the treatment group was not normally distributed, the statistical test used was a non-parametric test with the Mann-Whitney test. Conclusions The weight gain of infants aged 3 to 5 months in the intervention group who received massage was greater than in the control group who did not receive massage.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

In a Working Mood?

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Reinecke ◽  
Sabine Trepte
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Personal Media ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Subsequent Task

Abstract. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of exposure to a computer game on arousal and subsequent task performance. After inducing a state of low arousal, participants were assigned to experimental or control conditions via self-selection. Members of the experimental group played a computer game for five minutes; subjects in the control group spent the same amount of time awaiting further instructions. Participants who were exposed to the computer game showed significantly higher levels of arousal and performed significantly better on a subsequent cognitive task. The pattern of results was not influenced by the participants' prior experience with the game. The findings indicate that mood-management processes associated with personal media use at the workplace go beyond the alteration of arousal and affect subsequent cognitive performance.

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