One Degree of Freedom in Basic

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Bertram R. Forer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Phi Coefficient

A 15-statement program in Basic for the IBM personal computer provides a template for calculating chi squared with one degree of freedom. By typing in the four obtained frequencies one immediately obtains the value of chi squared, the significance level, and the phi coefficient. With slight changes in wording it can be adapted to other computers and saved on a disk for reuse.

scholarly journals Perioperative Complications of Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Comparison Between 3 Procedures

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822199830
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kamal Mesregah ◽  
Blake Formanek ◽  
John C. Liu ◽  
Zorica Buser ◽  
Jeffrey C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study ◽  
Posterior Laminectomy ◽  
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
New Onset

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study. Objectives: To compare the perioperative complications of propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), who were treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior laminectomy with fusion, or laminoplasty. Methods: The Humana PearlDiver Patient Record Database was queried using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10) and the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Propensity score-matched analysis was done using multiple Chi-squared tests with Bonferroni correction of the significance level. Results: Cohorts of 11,790 patients who had ACDF, 2,257 patients who had posterior laminectomy with fusion, and 477 patients who had laminoplasty, were identified. After propensity score matching, all the 3 groups included 464 patients. The incidence of dysphagia increased significantly following ACDF compared to laminoplasty, P < 0.001, and in laminectomy with fusion compared to laminoplasty, P < 0.001. The incidence of new-onset cervicalgia was higher in ACDF compared to laminoplasty, P = 0.005, and in laminectomy with fusion compared to laminoplasty, P = 0.004. The incidence of limb paralysis increased significantly in laminectomy with fusion compared to ACDF, P = 0.002. The revision rate at 1 year increased significantly in laminectomy with fusion compared to laminoplasty, P < 0.001, and in ACDF compared to laminoplasty, P < 0.001. Conclusions: The incidence of dysphagia following laminectomy with fusion was not different compared to ACDF. Postoperative new-onset cervicalgia and revisions were least common in laminoplasty. The highest rate of postoperative limb paralysis was noticed in laminectomy with fusion.

scholarly journals Data mining untuk memprediksi prestasi siswa berdasarkan sosial ekonomi, motivasi, kedisiplinan dan prestasi masa lalu

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Susanto ◽  
Sudiyatno Sudiyatno
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Achievement Prediction ◽  
Interaction Detection ◽  
Chi Squared

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prediksi prestasi belajar siswa berdasarkan status sosial ekonomi orang tua, motivasi, kedisiplinan siswa dan prestasi masa lalu menggunakan metode data mining dengan algoritma J48. Sebagai perbandingan, data penelitian dianalisis juga dengan CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) dan regresi ganda. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa tingkat X SMK Negeri 4 Surakarta berjumlah 416 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis prediksi menggunakan decision tree algoritma J48 memiliki akurasi sebesar 95,7%, sedangkan analisis prediksi menggunakan CHAID memiliki tingat akurasi 82,1% dan analisis regresi ganda menghasilkan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 90,6%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa metode J48 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode CHAID dan regresi ganda. DATA MINING TO PREDICT STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC, MOTIVATION, DISCIPLINE AND ACHIEVEMENT OF THE PASTAbstractThis study aims to make student achievement prediction based on socio-economic status of parents, motivation, discipline students and past achievements using data mining methods with the J48 algorithm. For comparison, the data were analyzed also with CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) and multiple regression. The research approach is quantitative. The subjects of this study were student-first level at SMK Negeri 4 Surakarta totaled 416 students. Data collection techniques used are documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that the predictive analysis using J48 decision tree algorithm has an accuracy of 95.7%, while the predictive analysis using CHAID has the rank of an accuracy of 82.1% and a multiple regression analysis resulted in a significance level of 90.6%. Based on these results it can be concluded that the J48 method is better than the CHAID and multiple regression methods.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence between Saudis and Non-Saudis from 2013 to 2018 with a special concern about regions of the KSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Impact

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest Arab countries with a moderate annual problem of tuberculosis that is either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary. TB is still one of the most significant health troubles in the KSA, affecting different nationalities (Saudis, non-Saudis), ages, provinces, and genders. The control of TB still faces some challenges in different provinces of the KSA. Data were collected, arranged, analyzed and presented in tables and figures. In this retrospective study, we appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). Data were handled using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. Data were checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilk normality test at 0.05 levels to determine whether they are parametric or nonparametric. Chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate trends at a significance level of p< 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 23 for Mac OS. We appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). The data included the region of the country (province), age, sex, and nationality (Saudis, non-Saudis). The study evaluated the impact of TB on various nationalities (Saudis and non-Saudis), age groups (0-14, 15-34, 35-55, more than 55 years old), and genders (males and females). Non-Saudis had a higher incidence rate than Saudis in 2013-2018. The number of cases and incidence rates of TB recorded in males between 2013 to 2018 were about two to three times greater than estimates for females. The Makkah, Riyadh, and Jeddah regions attract enormous numbers of non-Saudi migrant workers, who account for ~60% of all TB cases in the KSA. Assessing the main TB risk factors contributing to high TB rates in non-Saudi workers is essential. Furthermore, periodical accurate studies, including evidence-based studies for optimum surveillance, avoidance, spread risk, inspection, control procedures and treatment of TB, should be conducted. These assessments would lead to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of KSA-NTP’s TB action plan.

scholarly journals Factors influencing incidents of complications while using nickel-titanium rotary instruments for root canal treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Madarati
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
General Dentists

Abstract Background To investigate the complications associated with the use of nickel titanium rotary instruments (NiTi-RIs) for root canal treatments (RCTs), in Saudi Arabia dental practice, and to explore the influencing factors. Methods After obtaining an ethical approval, two pilot studies were conducted to formulate the final questionnaire. The sample size was measured taking into consideration 60% expected response rates and confidence level of 99.9%. The questionnaire was emailed to 600 general dentists (GDs) randomly selected from the dental register and all of the endodontists (175). The email’s introduction clarified objectives of the study and guaranteed that all of the collected information would remain confidential. A reminder was sent after 10 weeks. The data were collected and analyzed using the chi-squared test at a 0.05 significance level. Results With a 51% overall response rate, 71.9% off the respondents used NiTi-RIs. The majority (83.1%) experienced complications while using NiTi-RIs; with the instruments’ fracture being significantly the most common complication (52.7%) (p < 0.001). The majority (87.7%) experienced NiTi-RIs’ fractureat least once; with more endodontists (94.3%) than GDs (83.3%) (p < 0.001). The greater the number of weekly performed RCTs and participants’ experiences, the more NiTi-RIs fractures and the greater the number of fracture incidents (p < 0.001). While 60% of those who performed 1–3 RCTs per week experienced NiTi-RIs fractures, 100% of those who performed more than 12 RCTs per week did so. The highest percentage of those who experienced more than 10 fractured NiTi-RIs (60%) was within the group who performed more than 12 RCTs per week. Although fracture incidents decreased with a smaller number of reuses, there was no significant correlation between the number of fractured instruments and NiTi-RIs discard strategy (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion Fracture incidence was the most common complication while using NiTi-RIs, regardless of the clinicians’ experiences and skills. While the single use may reduce NiTi-RIs fractures, to some extent, the greater number of RCTs performed per week was the most influential factor.

Comparison of Psychological Androgyny within a Sample of Female College Athletes Who Participate in Sports Traditionally Appropriate and Traditionally Inappropriate for Competition by Females

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
T Test ◽  
Psychological Androgyny ◽  
Female College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Phi Coefficient

Female participants in sports traditionally inappropriate (basketball and Softball) and traditionally appropriate (tennis and swimming) for competition by females were compared on the personality trait of psychological androgyny. 49 university female athletes were administered the Bern Sex-role Inventory anonymously. A chi-squared test and phi coefficient showed no significant difference between the categorized two sport groups on psychological androgyny. However, a t test between masculinity scores of athletes in the two sports groups showed a significant difference.

Human Modeling: Inverse Kinematics with Maximum Joint Availability

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 848-851
Author(s):  
Terrence J. Mayes ◽  
James C. Maida
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Human Modeling ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

This paper describes a hybrid technique for performing inverse kinematics (IK) on redundant articulations with very high degree of freedom. Components from several different IK approaches are combined with special attention given to performance. Simulation of the algorithm on a personal computer can be done at interactive rates. Modifications to the standard IK approach are discussed and compared against previous approaches.

scholarly journals The lateral batting backlift technique: is it a contributing factor to success for professional cricket players at the highest level?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Noorbhai ◽  
T Noakes
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Wagon Wheel ◽  
Chi Squared

   Background: This study aimed primarily to investigate the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) among semi-professional, professional and current international cricket players. A key question was to investigate whether this technique is a factor that contributes to success for cricket players at the highest levels of the game.  Methods: The participants in this study’s sample (n = 130) were South African semi-professional players (SP) (n = 69), professional players (PP) (n = 49) and South African international professional players (SAI) (n = 12). Biomechanical and video analyses were performed on all the participating groups. Classifiers were utilised to identify the batting backlift technique type (BBTT) employed by all batsmen. All statistics and wagon wheels (scoring areas of the batsmen on a cricket field) were sourced online. A Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Student T-test, one-way analysis of variance and T-test were performed in this study. All analyses were performed using R (R Core Team) at a significance level of α = 0.05.  Results: This study found that a LBBT is more common at the highest levels of batsmanship with batsmen at the various levels of cricket having percentages of the LBBT as follows: SP = 37%; PP = 38%; SAI = 75%; p = 0.001. There was also a noticeably higher difference in the highest scores and career averages between all groups of players, as well as batsmen who either use a straight batting backlift technique (SBBT) or a LBBT. This study also found that SAI batsmen who used the LBBT were more proficient at scoring runs in various areas around the cricket field (according to the wagon wheel analysis).  Conclusion: This study found that a LBBT is a contributing factor for success regarding players wanting to play cricket at the highest levels. Cricket coaches should also pay attention to the direction of the backlift with players, especially when correlating it to various scoring areas on the cricket field. Further in-depth research is required to fully investigate the change in batting backlift techniques among cricket players over a long-term period. 

scholarly journals KONSELING INDIVIDU DENGAN SIKAP KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE MOBILE LEGEND PADA SISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainal Mustamiin
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Game Addiction ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Questionnaire Method

 Abstrak: Masalah penelitian ini adalah sikap kecanduan game online yang tinggi, untuk mencegah dan mengurangi kecanduang game online mobile legend, maka siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 10 Mataram perlu diberikan arahan melalui konseling individu. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Apakah Ada Pengaruh Konseling Individu Terhadap Sikap Kecanduan Game Online Mobile Legend Di SMP Negeri 10 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019? Sedangkan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Konseling Individu Terhadap Kecanduan Game Online Mobile Legend Pada Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 10 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode angket sebagai metode pokok dan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara sebagai metode pelengkap. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 10 Mataram yang berjumlah 93 orang dengan sample berjumlah 7 siswa dari hasil angket yang telah disebarkan dan dihitung dari populasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh Chi Kuadrat sebesar 0,0165 dengan taraf signifikansi ɑ = 0,05 yaitu 5% pada df (7-1) x (2-1) = 6 sebesar 1,943. Ini artinya Chi Kuadrat lebih kecil dari t-tabel (0,0165>1,943). Yaitu Hipotesis Ho yang diuji diterima dan Hipotesis Ha ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Tidak  Ada Pengaruh  Konseling  Individu  Terhadap Sikap   Kecanduan   Game   Online  Pada  Siswa  Kelas  VIII  Di  SMP  Negeri 10  Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Artinya hasil penelitian ini “Tidak signifikan”. Kata Kunci : Konseling Individu, Kecanduan Game Online  Abstract: he problem is that this research is an attitude of high online game addiction, to prevent and reduce the disadventages of online mobile legend games, so grade VIII students at Mataram State Middle School  need to be given direction through individual counseling. The formulation of the problem in this study is: Is There and Effect of Individual Counseling on the Attitude of Addiction to Mobile Legend Online Game in Mataram State Middle School 10 2018/2019. Data collection techniques in this study used the questionnaire method as the main methods. The population in this people with a sample of 7 students from questionaires that had been distributed and calculated from the population. From the result of the study obtained Chi Squared of 0.0165 with a significance level of ɑ = 0.05 which is 5% in df (7-1) x (2-1) = 6 of 1.943.This means that Chi Square is Greater that t-table (0.0165> 1.943) Namely the hypothesis that was tested was accepted and the Hypothesis Ha was rejected. Thus it can be concluded that: There is no Effect of Individual Counseling on the Attitude of Online Game Addiction to Class VIII Students in Mataram State Junior High School 10 in Academic Year 2018/2019, Meaning that the results of this study are “Not Significant”. Keyswords: Individual Coundeling, Online Game Addiction   

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN PERFORMA 2 DEGREE OF FREEDOM UNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE (ROV

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rian Waldiansyah ◽  
Setya Permana Sutisna ◽  
Anton Royanto Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Arduino Uno

<pre><em>Remotely Operated Vehicle</em> (ROV) adalah robot yang dapat bergerak di pesawat yang dikendalikan oleh manusia dari jarak jauh, yang dibuat oleh manusia untuk memfasilitasi pekerjaan manusia untuk eksploitasi bawah air. Penelitian tentang ROV dimaksudkan untuk memungkinkan ROV bergerak sesuai dengan pesanan. Gerakan pada ROV termasuk bergerak maju, mundur, belok kanan dan belok kiri. Sistem kontrol ROV dimulai dengan membuat perintah pada PC (Personal Computer) yang akan memerintahkan dari PC yang akan diterima oleh Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno untuk diteruskan ke L293D Shield Motor dan Modul Bluetooth HC-05 untuk menggerakkan Motor DC pada ROV. Data yang dibuat pada PC dalam bentuk data serial akan dipanggil dan dibaca oleh <em>Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno</em> dan akan dilakukan dengan Bluetooth pada VT SmartPhone, ROV dapat dicocokkan dengan instruksi dari aplikasi pada smartphone dan untuk memasok daya Arduino menggunakan Power Bank. Dari hasil pengujian RPM didapat bahwa nilai rata-rata dari setiap pergerak ROV (maju, mundur, belok kanan dan kiri) tidak terlalu jauh berbeda. Nilai gerakan maju yaitu 4618 rpm, mundur yaitu 4929 rpm, kanan 6125 rpm, dan kiri 5142 rpm. Selain itu, perbandingan nilai energi kinetik dari setiap pergerakan ROV tidak jauh berbeda. Untuk gerakan maju memiliki energi kinetic 0,0087 <em>J</em> dan gerakan mundur yaitu 0,0041 <em>J</em>. </pre>

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