Influence of Interpersonal Relationships on Helping Norms among Japanese University Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ibusuki ◽  
T. Naito
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Moral Orientation ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Strong Relation

The present research assessed the effect of interpersonal relationships on two aspects of Japanese university students' moral judgment, manner of application and contents of helping norms. In Study 1, 68 university students (34 men, 34 women) answered questionnaires which requested evaluation of behaviors in helping situations with variable behaviors by agents and different interpersonal relations between agent and victim and between subject and agent. Subjects were asked to evaluate each case on two scales, moral evaluation and expectation. Female Japanese students showed strong relation-based morality on these two dimensions. In Study 2, 30 female students were interviewed using questions from the questionnaire given in Study 1 and others about the moral reasoning behind their relation-based judgments. Their answers showed that the female Japanese university students tended to make judgments without reference to the principle of universality or justice even when they knew the principle. The result suggests a relation-based moral orientation rather than a justice orientation.

Important Subjective Life Experiences and Sense of Authenticity: Retrospective Survey among Japanese University Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Ito ◽  
Masahiro Kodama
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Japanese University

This study investigated the relation of important subjective life experiences with sense of authenticity for 238 Japanese university students who responded to the Sense of Authenticity Scale and provided free descriptions regarding their important life experiences. Analyses suggested a group with high scores on the Sense of Authenticity Scale tended to cite extracurricular activities as important life experiences, while those with low scores tended to cite cramming for examinations. Results were discussed in terms of interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Reading Strategies on EFL/ESL Reading Comprehension

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Mihara
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
University Students ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Reading Strategy ◽  
Comprehension Question ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Esl Reading

This study focuses on two pre-reading strategies: vocabulary pre-teaching and comprehension question presentation. Researchers have claimed that a vocabulary strategy is less effective than any other pre-reading strategy. This study investigates whether their claim is true of Japanese university students. The purpose of the study is twofold. The first goal is to examine the effects of the two pre-reading strategies; the second is to discuss the relationships between students’ English proficiency and their reading comprehension. The participants in the present study were asked to perform a pre-reading strategy, read a passage, and then answer comprehension questions. They read four passages altogether. Three weeks after they read the fourth passage, they were asked to answer a questionnaire. This study indicates that vocabulary pre-teaching is less effective for Japanese students, although students with higher English proficiency outperformed lowerlevel students regardless of which pre-reading strategy they used.

Discourse (Re)-framing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unknown / not yet matched
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Working Adult

Abstract Focusing on the move from gakusei ‘student’ to shakaijin ‘working adult, lit. fully socialized adult’ during a period of continuing economic stagnation and social dislocation, the current study analyzes contemporary Japanese university students’ alignments with respect to ideologies surrounding adulthood including entering the job market and marriage. Data includes naturally occurring conversations with male and female students at a mid-high ranked city university on the outskirts of Yokohama as well as media materials associated with job-hunting practices. Analyzing individuals’ discursive (re)-framing of economic practice, this study demonstrates how individuals convey complex alignments towards future economic and social practices and their attendant ideologies. These complex alignments are analyzed as instances of ‘making do’ (de Certeau, 1984). Attending to subtle shifts in discursive (re)-framing, this paper demonstrates how micropolitical alignments are enacted in language at the level of everyday, ordinary practice.

Job Hunting Experiences of Bicultural Students in Japan

2014 ◽  
pp. 122-146
Author(s):  
Brigitte Pickl-Kolaczia
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
University Students ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Job Application ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this chapter is the Japanese job application process from the perspective of half-Japanese university students. The chapter first introduces the reader to the Japanese labor market and the topic of biculturals in general and hafu (half-Japanese) in Japan in particular. The main part of the chapter is an empiric study consisting of interviews with five half-Japanese students in various stages of the process of finding a job after graduation. In addition to possessing multiple language skills, biculturals benefit from a broader cultural perspective, which might be assumed to be an advantage when seeking a job. However, hafu are often viewed as outsiders wherever they go due to their being different. This chapter aims to show the difficulties hafu encounter as well as the benefits from which they profit.

Examining relations between shame and personality among university students in the United States and Japan: A developmental perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Crystal ◽  
W. Gerrod Parrott ◽  
Yukiko Okazaki ◽  
Hirozumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Public ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
American Students

American and Japanese university students’ shame (haji)-related reactions across a number of diverse situations, and the personality correlates of these reactions, were studied. With age, shame ratings decreased significantly in situations describing defects in the “private selffiamong American students, and haji ratings decreased significantly in situations in which the “public selffiwas ridiculed or discomforted among Japanese students. Also with age, individual differences in personality, particularly internal self-introspection, played an increasingly important role in predicting shame reactions among American students, whereas among Japanese students, individual personality differences became increasingly unimportant in determining haji-related phenomena. Finally, American students showed an increasing, and Japanese students a decreasing, integration of internal- and external-oriented elements of personality with development. Results are discussed in terms of theories of emotional development and cultural differences in self-concept.

scholarly journals Differential Social Experiences of International Students in a Residential Hall in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-71
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hasegawa ◽  
Chiharu Shima
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Different Levels

The present study examined differential social experiences of international students living in a residential hall called ‘Nihongo House’ (Japanese language house) at a Japanese university. By conducting social network analysis (SNA), as well as making use of ethnographic data collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, we explain how constellations of interpersonal relations at the house transformed over the course of one semester and what factors were responsible for those changes. Additionally, we present three focal cases of international students. These students—with different motivational orientations, personal dispositions and abilities, and social standing—went through diverse social processes, which led to different levels of success in respective accounts. Based on the analysis, we discuss how social experiences of these students in this particular setting can be understood in relation to their language use and potential development and how this type of residential hall can effectively nurture interpersonal relationships. Abstract in Japanese 本研究では、日本の大学における外国人留学生と日本人学生の人間関係構築プロセスを記述し、言語使用・習得への示唆を考察する。特に、寮という制度的に区切られた空間に着目し、寮の中で、1) どのように人間関係が構築され、コミュニティが形成されたのか、2) どのような要因が人間関係構築やコミュニティ形成に影響を与えたかを明らかにすることを目的とする。対象は日本国内のある大学に近年設置されたテーマ別寮の一つである「日本語ハウス」に住む留学生と日本人14名である。データとして、学期開始前と終了後に行った社会ネットワーク調査、半構造化面接、参与観察、寮に関する文書等を一学期間収集した。これらのデータを言語社会化の観点から分析した結果、メンバーによる活動の企画や参加を通したコミュニティ形成の過程が観察された。一方で、個人による参加のプロセスの違いや、コミュニティ全体としての関係、細分化された個人間での関係といった多層性を持った複雑な人間関係の存在が明らかとなった。また、異なる参加のパターンを見せた３名の留学生のケースを紹介し、彼らの参加プロセスに与えた影響について、言語能力（日本語や英語）、各学生の所属する複数のコミュニティ（サークルや授業等）における日本語ハウスコミュニティの位置づけ、ハウス内外の環境という観点から例証し、生活・学びの環境づくりについて考察する。

scholarly journals Negotiating morality and ethics: the post-Millennial perspective on TikTok

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Scalvini
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Moral Orientation ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>This study focuses on the contradiction between the alleged inclusivity and diversity that TikTok promotes and its apparent indifference for ethical standards. Specifically, the goal is to explore how post-Millennials (those born after 2000) perceive TikTok and how they adopt moral rationalizations to reconcile ethical and moral conflicts. Relatively little research has focused on young people’s moral reasoning in social media and no study to date has provided the opportunity to voice a user’s own experience with moral issues as they perceive them through their use of TikTok. A thematic analysis of 47 in-depth interviews is applied to explore how young users define the ‘good’ and what significance they attribute to moral principles. Two dimensions of moral reasoning are identified: one that should lead to a more group-oriented mindset, which should, in turn, lead to empathy, whereas the other dimension focuses on moral orientation from a narcissistic perspective.</p>

scholarly journals The Usage of 'Otsukare' among Japanese Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Lea Santiar ◽  
Jascha Dewangga
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Native Japanese Speakers ◽  
Teaching Abroad ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
The Relationship

Greetings are one of the keys to strike a conversation. The relationship between the speakers could be measured through the greetings used. Therefore understanding greeting usage is necessary for maintaining an interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, there seems to be a difference between greetings thought within Japanese textbooks and greetings in daily usage. Thus, this study will discuss the usage of ‘otsukare’ in Japan, especially amongst Japanese university students. The textbook "Minna no Nihongo" will be used to comprehend how aisatsu is taught to Japanese language learners. In this research, Japanese university students will answer a questioner regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’.  A questionnaire was designed based on sociolinguistics concepts to discover how Japanese university students use ‘otsukare’, such as when to whom, and in what manner. 40 university students of native Japanese participated and as the result, four points were discovered regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’ First, ‘otsukare’ is used to greet seniors, juniors, and friends. Second, native Japanese speakers prefer to use ‘otsukare’ on departing. Third, nevertheless, some people also use ‘otsukare’ to greet people as an opening greeting. Native Japanese speakers consider the usage of ‘otsukare’ in the morning as opening greetings is not against the rule of greetings. Finally, the gap between Japanese teaching abroad is that ‘otsukare’ is not proper to be used as an opening greeting.

Pragmatic functions of I think in computer-mediated, cross-cultural communication between Taiwanese and Japanese undergraduate students

Pragmatics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-531
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Diaz ◽  
Ken Lau ◽  
Chia-Yen Lin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Abstract This study explores the functions of I think in synchronous, computer-mediated cross-cultural communication of Japanese and Taiwanese university students. The data used in this study were collected from the Cross-Cultural Distance Learning corpus, which contains transcriptions of recorded synchronous spoken and written interactions between Taiwanese and Japanese university students. To examine the functions of I think, occurrences of the phrase were screened, analyzed, and categorized based on collocation pattern, discourse context, and sequentiality. The Taiwanese students showed a greater tendency to use the various functions of I think in discourse than the Japanese students, who rarely used its functions in their online cross-cultural communication. The results suggest that their respective perceived conversation strategies may be a significant cause of variation in the frequency of use of I think functions.

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