Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory with a Homeless Sample

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Frohlich ◽  
Louise Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Zero Correlation ◽  
First Time

This paper examined the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory with a sample of homeless men who were first-time shelter users. The measure, based on social exchange theory and equity theory, has two subscales, one for support and the other for conflict. As yet, few measurements have been developed to assess conflict from within social networks. As part of a larger longitudinal study a sample of 166 first-time shelter users was administered the inventory. A student sample also filled out the inventory for comparison purposes. Internal consistency for both subscales was good, .90 for Support and .83 for Conflict. Weak interitem correlations were prevalent among many items in the Conflict subscale. A nearly zero correlation was found between scores on the Support and Conflict subscales, suggesting independence. An exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation confirmed a dual factor structure. Analyses of variance and Scheffé contrast tests detected no statistically significant differences between age groups on either the Support or the Conflict subscales. A multiple regression analysis indicated that, when controlling for age, scores on the Support scale discriminated the homeless and student samples, while scores on the Conflict subscale do not. The Support subscale indicates excellent psychometric qualities, while the Conflict subscale should be refined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale in a Student Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aivars Kaupuzs ◽  
Zermena Vazne ◽  
Svetlana Usca
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Problems with anxiety are one of the most common presenting problems for university students that affect the mental health. A sample of students (total n=318) were administered Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Scale. The demographics of the participants included 38.4% (n = 122) males and 61.6 % (n =196) females, participants ranged in ages from 18 to 25 years old. The average age of respondents was 20.92 (SD =2.07). This study was conducted to evaluate of psychometric properties of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form in a student sample. The internal consistency for the STAI was calculated by Cronbach alpha coefficient (α = 0,809). Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was performed to assess the factor structure for the total sample that yielded four factors. Descriptive statistics were also calculated for the sample. They were found to be moderately trait anxious (M = 38.89, SD = 8.92) with lower state anxiety (M = 35.79, SD = 9.80). The findings of this study suggest that the scale was shown to be reliable and may be valid for measuring anxiety in a student sample.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals Leader Machiavellianism and follower silence

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-342
Author(s):  
Hakan Erkutlu ◽  
Jamel Chafra
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Identification ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Drawing on the social exchange theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and employee’s quiescent silence. Specifically, the authors take a relational approach by introducing employee’s relational identification as the mediator. The moderating role of psychological distance in the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and quiescent silence is also considered. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from nine universities in Turkey. The sample included 793 randomly chosen faculty members along with their department chairs. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed model. Findings The results of this study supported the positive effect of leader Machiavellianism on employee’s quiescent silence as well as the mediating effect of employee’s relational identification. Moreover, when the level of psychological distance is low, the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and quiescent silence is strong, whereas the effect is weak when the level of psychological distance is high. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest that educational administrators in the higher education should be sensitive in treating their subordinates, as it will lead to positive interpersonal relationship, which, in turn, will reduce workplace silence. Moreover, they should pay more attention to the buffering role of psychological distance for those subordinates with high distrust and showing silence. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on organizational silence by revealing the relational mechanism between leader Machiavellianism and employee quiescent silence. The paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the higher education and their leaders interested in building trust, increasing leader–employee relationship and reducing workplace silence.

How does an enterprise system implementation change interpersonal relationships in organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillol Bala ◽  
Viswanath Venkatesh ◽  
Daniel C. Ganster ◽  
Arun Rai
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Enterprise System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Coworker Exchange ◽  
Process Complexity

PurposeAlthough research has suggested that enterprise system (ES) implementations have major impacts on employee job characteristics and outcomes, there has been limited research that has examined the impacts of ES implementations on interpersonal relationships over time. Building on and extending recent studies that have examined changes in employee job characteristics and outcomes during an ES implementation, this research examined the nature, extent, determinants and outcomes of changes in an important interpersonal relationship construct—coworker exchange (CWX)—following an ES implementation. CWX is considered a critical aspect of employees' job and an important determinant of their success in the workplace. Drawing on social exchange theory (SET), the authors theorize that employees will perceive a change in CWX following an ES implementation.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal field study over a period of 6 months among 249 employees was conducted. Latent growth modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe authors found that employees' work process characteristics, namely perceived process complexity, perceived process rigidity and perceived process radicalness, significantly explained change, i.e. decline in our case, in CWX during the shakedown phase of an ES implementation. The decreasing trajectory of change in CWX led to declining job performance and job satisfaction.Originality/valueThe role of CWX and its importance in the context of ES implementations is a key novel element of this work.

scholarly journals Influence of Age group on Job Satisfaction in Academia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Milan Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose - Job Satisfaction (JS) has seen an upsurge concern in the arena of school management and it is highly associated with the age groups of school teachers. Thus, this study focused to ascertain the level of JS and examine it via age groups of school teachers.  Design - The scholar applied a cross-sectional survey design in post-positivist paradigm. The data were amassed from 345 school teachers of a cluster via self-administer questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANOVA test.  In the meantime, social exchange theory was employed to scrutinize the results.  Findings - This study found that the school teachers expressed moderate satisfaction in the job.  Likewise, the age groups significantly influence the JS among school teachers.  More specifically, the senior age group teachers expressed more satisfaction in the job than other groups of the teacher.  Subsequently, these job satisfied teachers contribute to more job commitment, effectiveness and work performances in the school. Furthermore, JS facilitates school to achieve elevated academic success.  Implications - The study endows with the concrete approach for other forthcoming scholar to explore the contribution of age groups on JS among academia.  

scholarly journals Returning the Favor? Feeling Obliged and Reported Participation in Discretionary Safety Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Laurent ◽  
Nik Chmiel ◽  
Isabelle Hansez
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research has shown that the reported participation of employees in voluntary safety activities is related to the prevention of accidents and injuries. Encouraging such participation, then, is beneficial to organizations. A key question, therefore, is why employees should choose to report that they engage in such activities: what is their motivation given such activities are not compulsory? We used social exchange theory (SET) and organizational support theory (OST) to develop a model linking perceived organizational support to reports of safety participation. SET postulates that the benefits given (by an organization) are reciprocated with potential benefits to the giver as a result. OST emphasizes that feeling obliged is a key part of why people reciprocate the perceived support they get from their organization. Voluntary safety activities have the potential to benefit an organization, so for the first time, we test whether there is a link between perceived organizational support and the reported participation of employees in such activities, and whether the relationship is mediated by felt obligation. We also test whether another key SET motivation to reciprocate, the anticipated reward, is involved in mediating the relationship. A structural equation model with a sample of 536 workers from a Belgian public company, involved in the production and distribution of safe drinking water and in waste water treatment, supported the hypotheses of the authors. The model showed that felt obligation mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and safety participation reports, and that the anticipatory reward, in the form of perceptions that management was committed to safety, also mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and safety participation reports. These processes were shown to be separable from employee job engagement and employee perspectives on whether or not voluntary safety activities were part of their job. The findings add to the understanding of why employees choose reported participation in voluntary safety behaviors and also, add to the literature on OST by demonstrating for the first time the involvement of felt obligation and perceived management commitment to safety as mediators between outcomes and perceived organizational support.

Initial psychometric properties of the Spiritual Bypass Scale in an Indian college student sample.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Jesse Fox ◽  
Shanmukh Kamble ◽  
Everett L. Worthington ◽  
Craig S. Cashwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
College Student Sample ◽  
Spiritual Bypass

Effects of supervisor's developmental feedback on employee loyalty: A moderated mediation model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yun Guo ◽  
Guobao Xiong ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Jianrong Tao ◽  
Chuanjun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Employee Loyalty ◽  
Employee Trust ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Developmental Feedback ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Supervisor Trust

We utilized social exchange theory to examine the effects that supervisor developmental feedback has on employee loyalty toward the supervisor. The 337 participants for our study were recruited from a large manufacturing enterprise in Hunan, China. Using hierarchical linear regression analysis, we found that supervisor developmental feedback was positively related to both trust in, and employee loyalty toward, the supervisor. Trust was not only positively associated with employee loyalty toward the supervisor but also partially mediated the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee loyalty toward the supervisor. Further, interactional justice moderated the positive relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee trust of the supervisor, such that the strength of this relationship was enhanced as interactional justice increased. Managerial implications and directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Validation of a French Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire: Relationships With Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110099
Author(s):  
Jérôme Rossier ◽  
Shékina Rochat ◽  
Laurent Sovet ◽  
Jean-Luc Bernaud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
French Version ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to validate the French version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) and to assess its measurement invariance across gender, age groups, countries, and student versus career counseling samples. We also examined the sensitivity of this instrument to discriminate a career counseling population from a general student sample. Third, we studied the relationship between career decision-making difficulties, career decision-making self-efficacy, and self-esteem in a sample of 1,748 French and French-speaking Swiss participants. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the overall hierarchical structure of the CDDQ. Multigroup analysis indicated that the level of invariance across groups almost always reached configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Differences between countries were very small, whereas differences between the general population and career counseling subsamples were much larger. Both self-esteem and self-efficacy significantly predicted career decision-making difficulties. Moreover, as expected, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and career decision-making difficulties.

scholarly journals Brazilian Portuguese version of the Amsterdam infant stool scale: a valid and reliable scale for evaluation of stool from children up to 120 days old

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cantisano de Deus Silva ◽  
Priscila Monaro Bianchini ◽  
Erika Veruska Paiva Ortolan ◽  
Juliana Fattori Hamamoto ◽  
Rosemary Fermiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Examiner Agreement

Abstract Background For newborns and infants wearing diapers the difficulties in characterizing the appearance of the stool are significant, since the changes in consistency, quantity, and color of the stool are higher than in other age groups. The Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS) was created and validated in 2009, providing a specific tool for the evaluation of the stool of children up to 120 days old. However, to be used in clinical practice and scientific investigations in Brazil, it is mandatory to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process for Brazilian Portuguese language. Thus, we aim to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of AISS into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated version. Methods The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally accepted methodology, including: translation, summary of translations, backtranslation, preparation of the pre-final version, application of the pre-test and determination of the final version. The evaluation of the psychometric properties was performed through the application of Brazilian Portuguese AISS, by five examiners (including child health field specialists and a literate adult lay on the subject), analyzing 238 stool photographs of children under 120 days old. The intra and inter-examiner agreement values were determined using kappa statistic. The validity of the criterion was investigated through correlation analysis (Kendall’s coefficient) between the classifications determined by the non-specialist examiner and the expert examiners. Results In all 30 tests performed between different examiners, there was an agreement considered as at least moderate (kappa values above 0.40). The intra-examiner reliability was considered as substantial (kappa> 0.6). There was a statistically significant correlation (p <  0.05) between the classifications determined by the examiners considered as specialists and the examiner considered as non-specialist. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese AISS version proved to be valid and reliable to be used by healthcare professionals and the general public in the evaluation of stool from children up to 120 days old.

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