Longitudinal Characteristics of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale

The internal structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale was examined within the context of a three-year longitudinal study of 80 low-income parents of young children. The baseline, first-year, and second-year follow-up home interviews included the scale. Principal components factor analyses with varimax rotation yielded six factors for the baseline data, and five factors for the follow-up data with different items loading on different factors each year suggesting some instability of the factors. Cronbach alpha estimates of the internal consistency of the original factors showed satisfactory values for Depressed Affect, Positive Affect, and possibly Somatic, but not for Interpersonal. However, alpha for the total score was very strong. Positive Affect and the total score also showed stability over the three administrations. These results question the use of the original factor scores for the CES–Depression as subscales but support the use of the total score as a measure of depression.

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Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10637-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerhard Müller ◽

Manuela Bombana ◽

Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrenner ◽

Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽

Martin Bohus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Linear Models ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Routine Data ◽

Medical Costs ◽

First Year ◽

Second Year ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Mental disorders are related to high individual suffering and significant socio-economic burdens. However, it remains unclear to what extent self-reported mental distress is related to individuals’ days of incapacity to work and their medical costs. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-reported mental distress for specific and non-specific days of incapacity to work and specific and non-specific medical costs over a two-year span. Method Within a longitudinal research design, 2287 study participants’ mental distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were included as predictors in generalized linear models with a Tweedie distribution with log link function to predict participants’ days of incapacity to work and medical costs retrieved from their health insurance routine data during the following two-year period. Results Current mental distress was found to be significantly related to the number of specific days absent from work and medical costs. Compared to participants classified as no cases by the HADS (2.6 days), severe case participants showed 27.3-times as many specific days of incapacity to work in the first year (72 days) and 10.3-times as many days in the second year (44 days), and resulted in 11.4-times more medical costs in the first year (2272 EUR) and 6.2-times more in the second year (1319 EUR). The relationship of mental distress to non-specific days of incapacity to work and non-specific medical costs was also significant, but mainly driven from specific absent days and specific medical costs. Our results also indicate that the prevalence of presenteeism is considerably high: 42% of individuals continued to go to work despite severe mental distress. Conclusions Our results show that self-reported mental distress, assessed by the HADS, is highly related to the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in the two-year period. Reducing mental distress by improving preventive structures for at-risk populations and increasing access to evidence-based treatments for individuals with mental disorders might, therefore, pay for itself and could help to reduce public costs.

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Parameters affecting postoperative success of surgery for stage 4A/4B ROP

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 1624-1632

Author(s):

Cemal Özsaygili ◽

Sengul Ozdek ◽

Mehmet Cuneyt Ozmen ◽

Hatice Tuba Atalay ◽

Duygu Yalinbas Yeter

Keyword(s):

Functional Results ◽

First Year ◽

Preoperative Treatment ◽

Posterior Hyaloid ◽

Retinal Tear ◽

Stage 4 ◽

The Mean ◽

Second Year ◽

Surgically Induced

PurposeTo describe the long-term anatomical and functional results of surgery for retinal detachment (RD) associated with stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and patient and surgery-related factors affecting postoperative success.DesignRetrospective case series at a single tertiary referral paediatric vitreoretinal practice.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-one eyes of 82 infants (40 female/42 male) who underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) or lensectomy with vitrectomy surgery for stage 4A and 4B ROP at Gazi University Department of Ophthalmology between 2011 and 2016 were enrolled in this study. Patient characteristics including gestational age, birth weight, gender, stage of ROP at presentation, preoperative treatment (laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or combined), anatomical and functional outcome and complications were recorded. The effect of birth weight, gestational age, presence of plus disease, preoperative treatment status, surgically induced posterior hyaloid detachment, postoperative vitreous haemorrhage and iatrogenic retinal tear formation on anatomical and functional results was evaluated.Results61.2% of the eyes were stage 4A and 38.8% were stage 4B ROP. The mean follow-up was 24.5 months. 18.2% of the eyes had no preoperative treatment. Anatomical success was 86.5% for stage 4A and 68.1% for stage 4B at the first year, 91.7% for stage 4A and 69.4% for stage 4B at the second year, and 95.8% for stage 4A and 57.9% for stage 4B at the third year. Functional success was 85.1% for stage 4A and 65.9% for stage 4B at the first year, 89.6% for stage 4A and 61.1% for stage 4B at the second year, and 87.5% for stage 4A and 57.8% for stage 4B at the third year. The mean visual acuity was 1.12±0.34 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for stage 4A and 1.34±0.32 logMAR at the 3-year follow-up duration (p>0.05). There was preoperative plus disease in 59.5% of the eyes. Subsequent retinal surgeries were required in 17.4% of the eyes. Presence of plus disease and absence of preoperative treatment, iatrogenic retinal tear formation and postoperative vitreous haemorrhage were found to have significant negative effects, while surgical induction of posterior hyaloid detachment and sparing the lens intraoperatively affected the anatomical and functional results positively.ConclusionsSurgery for stage 4 ROP-associated RD resulted in encouraging anatomical and functional outcomes and the results are even better in eyes with preoperative (laser/anti-VEGF) treatment, LSV and surgically induced posterior hyaloid detachment.

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The Longitudinal Impact of Excessive Daytime Somnolence on Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in a Southeast Asian Cohort

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/0891988719892326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 363-369

Author(s):

Lai Gwen Chan ◽

Kimberly Sim Soon Siang ◽

Ting Ting Yong ◽

Russell Chander ◽

Louis Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

First Year ◽

Longitudinal Impact ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Daytime Somnolence ◽

Nonmotor Symptoms ◽

Excessive Daytime Somnolence ◽

Asian Cohort

Objective: Sleep–wake disturbances, such as excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), are nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly affect the quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship between EDS and motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Methods: Eighty-two patients with idiopathic mild PD were followed up twice a year for 2 years and assessed on sleep, mood, anxiety, cognition, function, and disease severity. Data were analyzed retrospectively, comparing motor and nonmotor outcomes between those with EDS and those without. Results: At baseline, 27.9% had EDS and were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics to those without; 10% had persistent EDS during the first year of follow-up. Excessive daytime somnolence had a significant main effect on mood and anxiety as shown by consistently higher scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale ( P = .022) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale scores ( P = .011) throughout duration of follow-up. The group with persistent EDS showed greater rate of worsening Frontal Assessment Battery scores by the end of first-year follow-up ( P = .025) and greater rate of worsening Apathy Scale scores by the end of 2-year follow-up ( P = .002). No significant effects of EDS on motor symptoms and disease severity were found. Conclusions: In a Southeast Asian cohort of patients with PD, EDS had a negative longitudinal impact on mood, anxiety, apathy, and cognitive function but no impact on motor symptoms and disease severity. Excessive daytime somnolence is thus a potential therapeutic target to improve nonmotor outcomes.

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Postpartum depression screening: are we doing a competent job?

BMJ Open Quality ◽

10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. e000616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sathyanarayan Sudhanthar ◽

Zile-e-huma Sheikh ◽

Kripa Thakur

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Local Community ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

First Year ◽

Educational Strategies ◽

American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽

Pdsa Cycle

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common and severe postpartum morbidity, affecting 10%–20% of mothers within the first year of childbirth. The adverse effects of PPD, namely, prevention of mother-baby bonding and early cessation of breastfeeding, adversely affects infant growth and brain development. Studies have found that up to 50% of women with PPD go undiagnosed. Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations, only a small percentage of paediatricians are currently screening for PPD. This project aimed to improve PPD screening using a validated tool to 75% in a primary care inner-city clinic serving a predominantly underserved population as per AAP recommendations. Baseline data for 40 charts of 2-month-old and 4-month-old well-child visits showed no documentation of PPD screening. The screening tool used for this project was the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), which is a validated 10-item screening questionnaire for PPD. Three Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were implemented involving educational strategies, system-based practice improvement and stakeholder participation. Improvement seen after PDSA cycle 1 was minimal. At the end of cycle 2, 16/50 (33%) charts had documentation of screening using EPDS. At the end of cycle 3, 33/40 (82%) charts had EPDS documentation, an increase of 49% from cycle 2. There were eight in total positive PPD screenings between cycles 2 and 3. These patients were provided counselling support through a social worker and referral services through the local community mental health organisation. We achieved more than our 75% target goal for PPD screening implementation at the residency clinic, thereby increasing residents’ awareness of PPD and the importance of PPD screening. Poststudy follow-up shows that screening was maintained at a higher rate but never reached 100%.

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Assessing Longitudinal Invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.23.2.302 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 302-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mulubrhan F. Mogos ◽

Jason W. Beckstead ◽

Kevin E. Kip ◽

Mary E. Evans ◽

Roger A. Boothroyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Partial Invariance ◽

Best Fitting

Background and Purpose: The longitudinal invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale among middle-aged and older adults is unknown. This study examined the factorial invariance of the CES-D scale in a large cohort of community-based adults longitudinally. Methods: 1,204 participants completed the 20-item CES-D scale at 4 time points 1 year apart. Structural equation modeling was used to identify best fitting model using longitudinal data at baseline and at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up. Results: The 4-factor model showed partial invariance over 3 years. Two of the 6 noninvariant items were consistently noninvariant at the 3 follow-up points. Conclusion: Special consideration should be given to these 2 items when using the CES-D scale in healthy adults (45–75 years old).

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Karyotype Abnormalities in the X Chromosome Predict Response to the Growth Hormone Therapy in Turner Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5076

Author(s):

Jakub Kasprzyk ◽

Marcin Włodarczyk ◽

Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk ◽

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała ◽

Renata Stawerska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Turner Syndrome ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Growth Hormone Therapy ◽

Marker Chromosome ◽

Height Velocity ◽

First Year ◽

Rhgh Therapy ◽

Different Types ◽

Second Year

Short stature is characteristic for Turner syndrome (TS) patients, and particular karyotype abnormalities of the X chromosome may be associated with different responsiveness to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different types of TS karyotype abnormalities on the response to rhGH therapy. A total of 57 prepubertal patients with TS treated with rhGH with a 3 year follow-up were enrolled in the study and categorized according to their karyotype as X monosomy (n = 35), isochromosome (n = 11), marker chromosome (n = 5), or X-mosaicism (n = 6). Height and height velocity (HV) were evaluated annually. In the first year, all groups responded well to the therapy. In the second year, HV deteriorated significantly in X-monosomy and isochromosome in comparison to the remaining two groups (p = 0.0007). After 3 years of therapy, all patients improved the score in comparison to their target height, but better outcomes were achieved in patients with marker chromosome and X-mosaicism (p = 0.0072). X-monosomy or isochromosome determined a poorer response during the second and third year of rhGH therapy. The results of the study indicate that the effects of rhGH therapy in patients with TS may depend on the type of TS karyotype causing the syndrome.

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Network structures and temporal stability of self- and informant-rated affective symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease

10.31234/osf.io/7jwsk ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Toni Saari ◽

Ilona Hallikainen ◽

Taina Hintsa ◽

Anne Koivisto

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Future Research ◽

Network Structures ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Affective Symptoms

Background: Affective symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be rated with both informant- and self-ratings. Information from these two modalities may not converge. We estimated network structures of affective symptoms in AD with both rating modalities and assessed the longitudinal stability of the networks.Methods: Network analyses combining self-rated and informant-rated affective symptoms were conducted in 3198 individuals with AD at two time points (mean follow-up 387 days), drawn from the NACC database. Self-rated symptoms were assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale, and informant-rated symptoms included depression, apathy and anxiety questions from Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.Results: Informant-rated symptoms were mainly connected to symptoms expressing lack of positive affect, but not to the more central symptoms of self-rated worthlessness and helplessness. Networks did not differ in structure (p = 0.71), or connectivity (p = 0.92) between visits. Symptoms formed four clinically meaningful clusters of depressive symptoms and decline, lack of positive affect, informant-rated apathy and anxiety and informant-rated depression.Limitations: The symptom dynamics in our study could have been present before AD diagnosis. The lack of positive affect cluster may represent a methodological artefact rather than a theoretically meaningful subgroup. Requiring follow-up lead to a selection of patients with less cognitive decline.Conclusions: Informant rating may only capture the more visible affective symptoms, such as not being in good spirits, instead of more central and severe symptoms, such as hopelessness and worthlessness. Future research should continue to be mindful of differences between self- and informant-rated symptoms even in earlier stages of AD.

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Association between depression and overweight in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e024177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhongyi Zhao ◽

Ning Ding ◽

Shenzhi Song ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Deliang Wen

Keyword(s):

Positive Affect ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ordered Logistic Regression ◽

Adolescent Sample ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

ObjectiveBased on a nationally representative adolescent sample, we examined the association of depression on the prevalence of overweight or obesity and whether this association was moderated by gender.MethodsThere were 1081 adolescents from the China Family Panel Studies that participated in our study. Depression in adolescents was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Ordered logistic regression model was used to quantify its association with overweight or obesity. Analyses were performed for the total group, and separately for males and females.ResultsThe prevalence of depression in Chinese adolescents was 23.22%. Depression (CES-D ≥16) was significantly associated with overweight or obesity (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.91, p=0.004) after adjustment for personal, household and regional confounders. Among four subdimensions of depression, depressed affect and lack of positive affect were significantly associated with increases in the odds of overweight or obesity. In females, only lack of positive affect was significantly associated with overweight or obesity, whereas the estimated associations of all other measures of depression on overweight or obesity were positive in males.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that depression is associated with overweight or obesity among adolescents in China, especially among males.

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Abstract W P320: Falls with Injury After Stroke are Associated With Incontinence and Depression

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.wp320 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashutosh Mani ◽

Kari Dunning ◽

Kathleen Alwell ◽

Charles J Moomaw ◽

Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Predictor Variables ◽

First Year ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Stroke Population ◽

Risk Factors For Falls ◽

Regional Hospitals

Background: Approximately 22% to 73% of persons with stroke fall yearly. Falls can result in injury, activity limitation, decreased independence and death. Several studies have investigated falls during and after inpatient rehabilitation. A community based cohort with longitudinal follow up is needed to provide prospective insight into the risk factors for falls in the general stroke population. Purpose: To determine rate and predictors of fall with injury 3 and 12 months post stroke Methods: During 2005, 460 ischemic stroke patients from the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region were prospectively enrolled from all regional hospitals. Baseline data were collected in the acute hospital, and 3- and 12-month follow-up data were collected by subject or proxy interviews. Primary outcome was fall with injury categorized dichotomously (yes, no), analyzed separately at 3 and 12 months. Predictor variables collected at baseline included age, gender, race, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Predictor variables collected at 3 and 12 months included urinary incontinence (yes, no) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (score ranging from 0-30). Variables with p<.10 were entered into the model. Final model maintained all variables with p<.05, adjusting for NIHSS. Results: Of the 460 patients in the cohort, 27 had died by 3 months post, and another 62 had died by 12 months. Of the surviving patients, 37 of 346 (10.7%) who completed the 3-month follow-up and 33 of 247 (13.4%) who completed the 12-month follow-up reported a fall with injury. Table 1 shows demographics and results by outcome. Conclusions: At least 10% of patients with fairly mild stroke (average NIHSS 5) reported a fall with injury during the first year post stroke. Adjusting for NIHSS, urinary incontinence and depression were associated with a fall with injury.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702616645777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1125-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Tasnime N. Akbaraly ◽

Clarisse Kerleau ◽

Marilyn Wyart ◽

Nathalie Chevallier ◽

Louise Ndiaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Circulating Inflammatory Markers

There is a growing interest in understanding the role of inflammation in the diet–depression relationship. The present study examined whether the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII; a measure of the inflammatory potential of individuals’ diets) is associated with recurrent depressive symptoms (DepS) (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score > 16 or taking antidepressants both at baseline and follow-up) assessed over 5 years in middle-aged men ( n = 3,178) and women ( n = 1,068) from the Whitehall II Study. For each increment of 1 SD of DII score, odds of recurrent DepS increased by 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.30, 2.12]) in women, whereas no significant association between DII and recurrent DepS was observed in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% CI = [0.92, 1.36]). This association was little attenuated after adjustment for confounders and after taking into account levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. In conclusion, there is an association between proinflammatory diet and recurrent DepS in women that seems to not be driven by circulating inflammatory markers.

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