scholarly journals Oxidative Indices Correlate with Dyslipidemia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Fluoride-Exposed Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun Kayode Afolabi ◽  
Emmanuel Bukoye Oyewo ◽  
Adeniran Sanmi Adekunle ◽  
Olaniyi Tope Adedosu ◽  
Adebayo Lawrence Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fluoride on lipid metabolism and attendant inflammatory response by exposing rats to 50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 of fluoride through drinking water for seven weeks. Both concentrations led to hypercholesterolemia while the 100 mg L-1 concentration induced hypertriglyceridaemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels dropped in the exposed rats while interleukin 2 (IL-2) increased more than 1.5-fold (p<0.05) and IL-6 and plasma TNF-α more than 2.5 fold (p<0.05). Fluoride-exposed rats also had significantly higher levels of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) but lower plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Oxidative stress indices correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma cholesterol. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and PON1. Our results suggest that the association between fluoride exposure with cardiovascular diseases may be related to its ability to disturb lipid homeostasis, and trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Spirulina Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
Masashi Hosokawa ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from Spirulina. Hence, in the present study, Spirulina lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietary Spirulina lipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

PON1 arylesterase activity, HDL functionality and their correlation in malnourished children

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Mukund Ramchandra Mogarekar ◽  
Mahendrakumar Gajanan Dhabe ◽  
Mayuri Madhukarrao Palmate
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Phenyl Acetate ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Hdl Functionality

Abstract Background The study was done to assess high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and to correlate this with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in malnourished children. It aimed to find the effect of malnutrition on changes in PON1 activity, HDL functionality, lipid profile and lipid hydroperoxide formation. Methods This case control study included 30 malnourished children (up to age 5 years) and 30 healthy controls in the paediatric inpatient department of SRTR Government Medical College Ambajogai, India. Clinically diagnosed cases depending on anthropometric indices were selected. Serum PON1 activity by using phenyl acetate as a substrate, HDL functionality by haemin by its protection on H2O2 and haemin induced LDL oxidation, lipid profile by routine enzymatic methods and lipid hydroperoxide using the FOX2 assay were measured. Results Malnourished children had significantly decreased PON1 activity (106.6 ± 12.74** vs. 132.23 ± 28.49 IU/L), HDL functionality (116.55 ± 8** vs. 132.29 ± 10.9%), total cholesterol (TC) (102.5 ± 16** vs. 116.4 ± 12.65 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (C) (33.41 ± 9.74** vs. 40.55 ± 5.85 mg/dL) and reduced total protein level (5.56 ± 0.91* vs. 6.06 ± 1.055) higher triglycerides (TG) (146.76 ± 34.97* vs. 125.96 ± 17.21 mg/dL) level and total hydroperoxide (TPX) levels (5.568 ± 1.70** vs. 3.22 ± 1.52 μM/L). *p < 0.05 **p < 0.001. PON1 activity (r2 = 0.576) and TC (r2 = 0.567) shows significant positive correlation with HDL functionality. PON1 activity, HDL-C, HDL functionality and TPX shows independent contribution towards malnutrition in children in multivariate and univariate logistic regression. TC lost its significance in multivariate regression. Conclusions Malnutrition leads to decrease in HDL functionality and increase in hydroperoxide levels with a decrease in PON1 activity.

scholarly journals The effect of daily baked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaemic men

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Shutler ◽  
Gemma M. Bircher ◽  
Jacki A. Tredger ◽  
Linda M. Morgan ◽  
Ann F. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Male Students ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

1. Thirteen normo-cholesterolaemic male students consumed one 450 g can of baked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in tomato sauce, daily, for 14 d as part of their normal diet. After a 14 d washout period, eleven of the students went on to consume one 440 g can of spaghetti in tomato sauce, daily, for 14 d.2. Fasting blood samples were taken frequently for measurement of plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glucose, insulin and C-peptide. Diet diaries (3 d) were completed by the subjects during each period.3. Consumption of beans and spaghetti led to a significant reduction in the amount of fat eaten daily (P< 0.05). Bean consumption also resulted in significant increases in protein, fibre and sugar intakes (P< 0.02,P< 0.001 andP< 0.05 respectively).4. During the bean-eating period the mean total plasma cholesterol level of the students fell significantly from 5.1 to 4.5 mmol/l (P< 0.02). No reduction in plasma cholesterol occurred during the spaghetti-eating period.5. HDL-cholesterol levels fell significantly during both periods (P< 0.001), but HDL:total cholesterol ratio was significantly reduced only during the spaghetti-eating period (P< 0.001). Neither beans nor spaghetti affected triacylglycerol, insulin or C-peptide levels.6. The benefits of a legume-rich diet are discussed.

Common genetic variants that relate to disorders of lipid transport in Spanish subjects with premature coronary artery disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ll. MASANA ◽  
G. FEBRER ◽  
J. CAVANNA ◽  
M. G. BARONI ◽  
W. MARZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Premature Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Fifteen common polymorphic variants at six loci (apolipoproteins AI, B, CIII and E, hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase) involved in plasma lipid transport have been studied in 210 northern Spanish men, of whom 98 had proven coronary artery disease. The other 112 men were clinically free from coronary artery disease and acted as controls. The genotypes were investigated for relationships with plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, as well as for the presence of coronary artery disease. As expected, the mean levels of plasma triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and lipoprotein (a) and the number of smokers were significantly higher in the disease group, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was significantly lower. Surprisingly, plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not different between the two groups. With regard to the common mutations, plasma triacylglycerol levels were related to the HindIII variants of lipoprotein lipase (P < 0.05), to the apolipoprotein CIII variant (C3175G in exon 4) and to the apolipoprotein AI XmnI polymorphisms (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02 respectively). The apolipoprotein E variants were related to plasma cholesterol (P < 0.05), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.02), plasma triacylglycerols (P < 0.05) and the triacylglycerol/HDL ratio (P < 0.01). Only the three-codon insertion/deletion variants of the apolipoprotein B signal peptide region discriminated between the two groups with or without arterial disease (P = 0.02). The possible functional effects of these common mutations are discussed.

High plasma cholesterol, but low triglycerides and plaque-free arteries, in Mexican free-tailed bats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. R1101-R1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Widmaier ◽  
E. R. Gornstein ◽  
J. L. Hennessey ◽  
J. M. Bloss ◽  
J. A. Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Female mammals typically become hyperphagic from mid- to late pregnancy and during lactation. Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, double their nightly food intake from late pregnancy to peak lactation and consume an insect diet that is exceptionally high in fat. During late pregnancy and throughout lactation, fasting plasma levels of cholesterol in this insectivorous bat are high (215 +/- 8 mg/dl) and are nearly 10-fold higher than in three species of Old World frugivorous bats. Fasting triglycerides were unexpectedly low in T. brasiliensis (25 +/- 2 mg/dl), despite evidence of high fat intake during nightly feeding bouts (postprandial cholesterol and triglycerides, 268 +/- 18 and 122 +/- 20 mg/dl, respectively). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were extraordinarily high (124 +/- 5 mg/dl) and unaffected by feeding. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were correspondingly low (86 +/- 7 mg/dl). This unusual plasma lipid profile was not associated with coronary or aortic atherosclerosis, nor was there evidence of hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. A high-fat diet and high levels of cholesterol in T. brasiliensis are not correlated with cardiovascular disease or (possibly) insulin resistance. Among several possible factors that might account for these observations, nightly bouts of powered flight (commuting and foraging for food) may contribute to elevated HDL cholesterol, which may protect this species from developing atherosclerosis.

The protective effects of carvacrol and thymol against paracetamol–induced toxicity on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1252-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Palabiyik ◽  
E Karakus ◽  
Z Halici ◽  
E Cadirci ◽  
Y Bayir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose could induce liver damage and lead to acute liver failure. The treatment of APAP overdoses could be improved by new therapeutic strategies. Thymus spp., which has many beneficial effects and has been used in folk medicine, is one such potential strategy. In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of the main constituents of Thymus spp., carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated in light of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We hoped to understand the hepatoprotective mechanism of these agents on the antioxidant system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Dose-dependent effects of thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, and 100 µM) were tested on cultured HepG2 cells. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was tested as positive control. We showed that APAP inhibited HepG2 cell growth by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Incubating APAP-exposed HepG2 cells with carvacrol and thymol for 24 h ameliorated this inflammation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels of HepG2 cells. We found that thymol and carvacrol protected against APAP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells by increasing antioxidant activity and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Taking together high-dose thymol and carvacrol treatment has an effect close to NAC treatment in APAP toxicity, but thymol has better treatment effect than carvacrol.

scholarly journals Cystine reduces tight junction permeability and intestinal inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Ami Mizugaki ◽  
Yoshiko Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Kato ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractIntestinal oxidative stress produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, which increase tight junction (TJ) permeability, leading to intestinal and systemic inflammation. Cystine (Cys2) is a substrate of glutathione (GSH) and inhibits inflammation, however, it is unclear whether Cys2 locally improves intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the local effects of Cys2 on oxidative stress-induced TJ permeability and intestinal inflammatory responses. Caco-2 cells were cultured in a Cys2-supplemented medium for 24 h and then treated with H2O2 for 2 h. We assessed TJ permeability by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran 4 kDa. We measured the concentration of Cys2 and GSH after Cys2 pretreatment. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was assessed. In addition, the levels of TJ proteins were assessed by measuring the expression of TJ proteins in the whole cells and the ratio of TJ proteins in the detergent-insoluble fractions to soluble fractions (IS/S ratio). Cys2 treatment reduced H2O2-induced TJ permeability. Cys2 did not change the expression of TJ proteins in the whole cells, however, suppressed the IS/S ratio of claudin-4. Intercellular levels of Cys2 and GSH significantly increased in cells treated with Cys2. Cys2 treatment suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the mRNA levels were significantly correlated with TJ permeability. In conclusion, Cys2 treatment locally reduced oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction possively due to the mitigation of claudin-4 dislocalization. Furthermore, the effect of Cys2 on the improvement of intestinal barrier function is related to the local suppression of oxidative stress-induced pro-inflammatory responses.

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