Evaluating the Impact of Design Pattern Usage on Energy Consumption of Applications for Mobile Platform

Abstract Energy efficiency in mobile computing is really an important issue these days. Owing to the popularity and prevalence of Android operating system among the people, a great number of Android smartphone applications have been developed and proliferated by the software developers. While developing these applications, developers have to keep energy consumption factor in mind, as the efficiency of an application is largely affected by it. Thus, designers and programmers endeavour to choose the best designing approaches to develop energy-efficient applications. It is imperative to assist the programmers in choosing appropriate techniques and strategies to manage power consumption. In the present research, we have investigated the effect of Android application design on its energy utilisation. For this purpose, we have practically implemented design patterns on two Android applications and evaluated their energy consumption before and after implementing these patterns. We have modelled the high-level design of these two Android applications by using software design patterns in such a way as to abate their energy requirement. We have also checked how the quality, maintainability, and efficiency of code are affected by these design patterns. The outcomes of the research can facilitate programmers to utilise these details while developing energy efficient solutions.

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A Fundamental Study on the Development of New Energy Performance Index in Office Buildings

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2064

Author(s):

Jin-Hee Kim ◽

Seong-Koo Son ◽

Gyeong-Seok Choi ◽

Young-Tag Kim ◽

Sung-Bum Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Office Buildings ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Fundamental Study ◽

Future Studies ◽

U Value ◽

The Impact

Recently, there have been significant concerns regarding excessive energy use in office buildings with a large window-to-wall ratio (WWR) because of the curtain wall structure. However, prior research has confirmed that the impact of the window area on energy consumption varies depending on building size. A newly proposed window-to-floor ratio (WFR) correlates better with energy consumption in the building. In this paper, we derived the correlation by analyzing a simulation using EnergyPlus, and the results are as follows. In the case of small buildings, the results of this study showed that the WWR and energy requirement increase proportionally, and the smaller the size is, the higher the energy sensitivity will be. However, results also confirmed that this correlation was not established for buildings approximately 3600 m2 or larger. Nevertheless, from analyzing the correlation between the WFR and the energy requirements, it could be deduced that energy required increased proportionally when the WFR was 0.1 or higher. On the other hand, the correlation between WWR, U-value, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and material property values of windows had little effect on energy when the WWR was 20%, and the highest effect was seen at a WWR of 100%. Further, with an SHGC below 0.3, the energy requirement decreased with an increasing WWR, regardless of U-value. In addition, we confirmed the need for in-depth research on the impact of the windows’ U-value, SHGC, and WWR, and this will be verified through future studies. In future studies on window performance, U-value, SHGC, visible light transmittance (VLT), wall U-value as sensitivity variables, and correlation between WFR and building size will be examined.

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Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4368

Author(s):

Jitander Kumar Pabani ◽

Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto ◽

Waheeduddin Hyder ◽

Pablo Otero

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Real Life ◽

Base Station ◽

Fuzzy Decision Making ◽

Underwater Sensor Networks ◽

Packet Forwarding ◽

Node Number ◽

The Impact

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

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Commuting for work and neighbourhood energy consumption

10.32920/ryerson.14655192 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dil Rowshan

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Travel Behavior ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Before And After ◽

Motorized Vehicles ◽

The Impact ◽

Growth Centres

This study aimed to explore the impact of the Places to Grow Plan 2006 on travel behavior of the work commuters living in GTHA. A comparative analysis was done between the year 2001 and 2011 which represent the situations five year before and after the implementation of the Plan. Data were collected from Transportation Tomorrow Survey. The study revealed that in 2011, energy consumption by motorized vehicles increased in the Traffic Assessment Zones of GTHA around the Growth Centres designated by the Places to Grow Plan. Active transportation increased mainly in Toronto in 2011. It is apprehended that the intensification strategy of the Places to Grow Plan contributed in increasing the energy consumption of work commuters either by increasing the number of trips or length of trips made by motorized vehicles (including cars and different forms of transit) which also affect the Greenhouse Gas emissions in the atmosphere.

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Collecting

The Library Screen Scene ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190854317.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 141-180

Author(s):

Renee Hobbs ◽

Liz Deslauriers ◽

Pam Steager

Keyword(s):

Academic Libraries ◽

Landscape Changes ◽

Independent Films ◽

The People ◽

The Media ◽

High Level ◽

Online Streaming ◽

Library Websites ◽

The Impact ◽

Film And Video

Librarians and archivists have long understood the professional practice of curation, which includes the practices of collecting, cataloguing, arranging, and assembling for exhibition and display. One of the most important things that libraries do involves developing collections that meet the needs of the people they serve. Professional curation requires a high level of metacognition, because in making selections of what to include and what to omit, a keen awareness of one’s own bias is needed. Public and academic libraries often collect a mix of Hollywood, global, and independent films. But today’s librarians can’t just be good collectors. They must also help learners and patrons develop the curation skills needed to select media for themselves. Effective curation depends on access to reviews and reviewers, and viewers themselves can be empowered to read and provide reviews. Media ratings systems can be both helpful and controversial. Online streaming has changed the way many people use film and video in the home, but there seems to be no established norms for how users access film and media content via library websites. Despite challenges involved in media curation and lingering questions about the impact of streaming collections, librarians can create media collections and services that meet their patrons needs even as the media landscape changes around them.

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A Therapeutic Educational Program in Oral Health for Persons with Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Feasibility Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2018/6403063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Audrey Peteuil ◽

Corinne Rat ◽

Sahar Moussa-Badran ◽

Maud Carpentier ◽

Jean-François Pelletier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Educational Program ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Face To Face ◽

Before And After ◽

Health Quality ◽

Persons With Schizophrenia ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

Objective. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a therapeutic educational program in oral health (TEPOH) for persons with schizophrenia (PWS). Design. In a qualitative study, we explored the representation of oral health before and after a TEPOH. Clinical Setting: PWS are at greater risk of decayed and missing teeth and periodontal diseases. In a previous publication, we described the different steps in building a TEPOH by taking into account the experiences of PWS concerning oral health quality of life. This TEPOH aimed at promoting a global health approach. Participants: Voluntary PWS and their caregivers were recruited during face-to-face interviews at “Les Boisseaux” (a psychiatric outpatient centre) in Auxerre (France) and were included in the study between November and December 2016. Intervention: We explored the experiences of participants and their perceptions of oral health before and after the TEPOH with focus group meetings. Results. Four females and three males participated in the study, and the mean age was 29.4 ± 5. Before the TEPOH, the PWS produced 28 ideas about oral health perception and 37 after the TEPOH. After the TEPOH, elements relating to the determinants of oral health (smoking and poor diet) emerged. Conclusions. These results show an evolution in oral health representation, and after some adjustments to the TEPOH, the second step will be to test this program in a large sample to generate a high level of evidence of the impact of TEPOH in the long term.

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Contemporary built environment in the context of evolution of energy-efficient solutions in architecture

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201817401024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 01024

Author(s):

Stanisława Wehle-Strzelecka

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Built Environment ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Residential Development ◽

Efficient Solutions ◽

New Development ◽

European Development ◽

The Subject ◽

Housing Estates

The article is concerned with the subject of energy consumption in construction; it also discusses problems related to creation of sustainable built environment and its links to the natural environment, with special emphasis placed on its links to climate. Selected contemporary European development directions and trends in solutions using solar energy in buildings have been discussed in the paper, as well as various projects, concepts and realisations, mostly related to residential development. The collected examples present the experiences of previous eras as well as their continuation contemporary realisations based on the possibilities of using innovative technologies in architecture within the framework of actions undertaken in European countries. They are to be found in various scales referring to whole districts, housing estates and housing complexes as well as individual buildings. They refer both to new development and to transformations of the existing infrastructure in the process of its restoration.

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A COMPARISON OF ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS BEFORE AND AFTER INTRODUCTION OF A NEW POLICY AND GUIDELINE ACROSS GREATER MANCHESTER

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.191 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. e4.103-e4

Author(s):

James Keitley ◽

Timothy Lavin ◽

Martin Punter ◽

Jason McMinn ◽

Mark Kellett

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Field ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Clinical Assessments ◽

Before And After ◽

Valid Comparison ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

BackgroundFrom June 2014, regional guidelines to transfer within 24 hours all radiologically confirmed cases of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) were implemented across Greater Manchester. This service review assesses the impact on assessment, diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe prospectively recorded all CVT cases transferred into our unit between June 1st and November 30th 2014 (14 patients), and retrospectively reviewed the casenotes of patients admitted in 2012, 2013 and early 2014 (13 patients).ResultsMean number of days from diagnosis to transfer after guideline introduction was 0.4. More patients underwent fundoscopy (86% vs 77%), visual acuity (50% vs 27%), visual field (79% vs 69%) and otoscopy (29% vs 8%). Patients admitted to SRFT previously had shorter symptom to diagnosis, imaging, transfer, and treatment times.ConclusionsAfter guideline introduction we found a high level of compliance with time to transfer, with improvements in several aspects of clinical assessments. We expect that patients previously admitted to our centre were more unwell or already admitted for other reasons (e.g. neurosurgical) and therefore time from symptoms to diagnosis appears longer. We aim to extend the current evaluation to all patients in the region who weren't transferred to our centre to allow a more valid comparison.

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The impact of financial safety act and corporate governance on the level of financial disclosure

International Journal of Law and Management ◽

10.1108/ijlma-06-2015-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 618-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ali Ahmadi ◽

Abdelfettah Bouri

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Financial Disclosure ◽

Content Type ◽

Study Results ◽

Before And After ◽

The Subject ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

Purpose This research paper aims to identify and measure the contribution of the financial safety act (FSA) regulation in improving the level of financial disclosure of listed Tunisian firms. To answer the problems of the subject, the authors tried to hold accountable several determinants of the level of financial disclosure relating to the particular characteristics of the firm, and the adoption of the recommendations envisaged by the FSA, as likely to have an impact on the level of financial disclosure of Tunisian firms. Design/methodology/approach With a sample composed by 20 companies during the period from 2003 to 2010 (160 observations), the contribution of the FSA regulation in improving the level of financial disclosure of listed Tunisian firms was identified and measured. After that, the levels of financial disclosure before and after the FSA were compared. Findings The study results confirm the positive and significant effect of the FSA on the level of financial disclosure. This impact seems to appear through the improvement of the disclosure level during the years which follow the adoption of the new regulation. The results of this study also show that firms with a high level of financial disclosure are those which have an independent board of directors, auditor BIG and joint audit. Originality/value This paper is devoted to evaluate the impact of the FSA n°2005-96 and corporate governance on the level of financial disclosure. The empirical study relates to a sample of 20 firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange observed over the period 2003-2010.

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Green ICT for Sustainable Development

Principles of Sustainable Project Management ◽

10.23912/9781911396857-3960 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hind Zantout ◽

Norbert Seyff

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Construction Project Management ◽

Energy Demands ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Green Ict ◽

Day To Day Operations ◽

High Level ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

Almost all businesses, organizations and governments today have Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at their core. ICT enables day-to-day operations as well as assessing what has passed and planning ahead. However, ICT professionals aside perhaps, there is often little understanding of the technology and little appreciation of the link to sustainability and the impact ICT is having on the environment. The coverage of this chapter is intended for an audience with no detailed knowledge of the various ICT specialisms, providing a broad, but high-level presentation of ICT, and discusses the various links to sustainability that are firmly established. The discussion starts with the rapid developments since computers first were invented and then moves to energy demands that are being placed as a result of technology proliferations. We then introduce the term Green ICT, report on metrics enabling the measurement of energy consumption and discuss efforts underway to curtail energy consumption, with a focus on data centres. A view from a number of European countries is then presented, looking at how governments are addressing the issues and the barriers that are still in place for a country-wide sustainability drive in ICT. The construction project management sector is one that relies heavily on ICT services, and a brief discussion at the end presents additional issues for the project manager to consider.

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Evaluating the Rapid Emergence of Daptomycin Resistance in Corynebacterium: A Multi-Center Study

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02052-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kaitlin F. Mitchell ◽

Erin McElvania ◽

Meghan A. Wallace ◽

Lauren E. Droske ◽

Amy E. Robertson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Corynebacterium Striatum ◽

Before And After ◽

Multi Center Study ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Repeated Subculture ◽

Center Study

Background: Members of the genus Corynebacterium are increasingly recognized as pathobionts and can be very resistant to antimicrobial agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that Corynebacterium striatum can rapidly develop high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥256 μg/mL). Here we conducted a multi-center study to assay for this in vitro phenotype in diverse Corynebacterium species. Methods: Corynebacterium clinical isolates (n=157) from four medical centers were evaluated. MIC values to daptomycin, vancomycin, and telavancin were determined before and after overnight exposure to daptomycin to identify isolates able to rapidly develop daptomycin non-susceptibility. To investigate assay reproducibility, 18 isolates were evaluated at three study sites. In addition, stability of daptomycin non-susceptibility was tested using repeated subculture without selective pressure. The impact of different media brands was also investigated. Results: Daptomycin non-susceptibility emerged in 12 of 23 species evaluated in this study (C. afermentans, amycolatum, aurimucosum, bovis, jeikeium, macginleyi, pseudodiphtheriticum, resistens, simulans, striatum, tuberculostearicum, and ulcerans) and was detected in 50 of 157 (31.8%) isolates tested. All isolates displayed low (susceptible) MIC values to vancomycin and telavancin before and after daptomycin exposure. Repeated subculture demonstrated 2 of 9 isolates (22.2%) exhibiting HLDR reverted to a susceptible phenotype. Of 30 isolates tested on three media brands, 13 (43.3%) had differences in daptomycin MIC values between brands. Conclusions: Multiple Corynebacterium species can rapidly develop daptomycin non-susceptibility, including HLDR, after a short daptomycin exposure period.

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