scholarly journals Emissions of gaseous pollutants from pig farms and methods for its reduction – review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska ◽  
Leszek Tymczyna ◽  
Łukasz Wlazło ◽  
Beata Trawińska ◽  
Mateusz Ossowski
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Abstract Agriculture contributes significantly to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Livestock production, including pig production, is associated with several gaseous pollutants released into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alcohols, aldehydes, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as typically odorous pollutants, are an inseparable element of raising and breeding farm animals. These emissions can degrade local and regional air quality, contribute to surface water eutrophication and acid rain, and increase the greenhouse gas footprint of the production sector. The paper is organized as follows. First, the sources and factors influencing the level of emissions from pig houses are described. Next, the effects of dietary methods (optimization of animal diets), hygienic methods (including microclimate optimization) and technological methods (application of technological solutions) for mitigating emissions from pigs are discussed.

scholarly journals Pollution status of volatile organic sulfur compounds causing odor in Xi River and factors influencing spatial distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270
Author(s):  
Xiang Tu ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Siyu Wang ◽  
Haiqing Liao ◽  
Xuejiao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Diethyl Sulfide ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds

Abstract This study investigated the pollution status of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) and the factors influencing their spatial distribution in the Xi River in Shenyang, China. A method for simultaneous determination of 14 VOSCs that cause odor in water samples was developed by using purge and trap coupled with gas chromatography and a flame photometric detector. The results indicated that each target compound could be identified from 15 sampling sites, and the total concentration of 14 VOSCs ranged from 2.575 to 52.981 μg L−1. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was the most important contaminant with an average concentration of 4.029 μg L−1, a detection rate of 93.33% and a variation coefficient of 0.72. The VOSCs were primarily distributed in suburban and rural sections, and the suburban section was the worst in regard to pollution by VOSCs. Dimethyl trisulfide was primarily distributed in urban and suburban sections of the Xi River due to industrial emissions. Ethanethiol, DMS, and ethyl methyl sulfide, which are typical by-products of microbial anaerobic decomposition from domestic wastewater, were found in abundance in the suburban section. Diethyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, and 1-propyl disulfide representing agricultural nonpoint source pollution were mostly distributed in the rural section.

A study of factors which influence the job satisfaction of stockpeople on commercial pig farms

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
R C Segundo ◽  
P R English ◽  
G Burgess ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
O MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm Livestock

The role of stockmanship in relation to the wellbeing of farm animals has been emphasised in the UK Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Farm Livestock (MAFF, 1983). Moreover, previous research work has demonstrated important effects of good and bad stockmanship not only on welfare but also on growth, lactational and reproductive performance of pigs and other farm livestock (Hemsworth et al, 1987). There is a need, therefore, to establish the factors which motivate and demotivate stockpeople since the degree of job satisfaction is likely to have a considerable influence on the attitude and performance of stockpeople and on their empathy with the animals in their care. With this objective in mind, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the aspects which could have an influence on the job satisfaction of the stockpeople involved in pig production.

Microwave Torch Plasmas for Decomposition of Gaseous Pollutants

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jasiński ◽  
Jerzy Mizeraczyk ◽  
Zenon Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Torch Discharge ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Moderate Power

AbstractResults of the study of decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs including Freons) in their mixtures with either synthetic air or nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides NOx in their mixtures with N2 or Ar in low (~ 100 W) and moderate-power (200-400 W) microwave torch plasmas at atmospheric pressure are presented. Three types of microwave torch discharge (MTD) generators, i.e. the low-power coaxial-line-based MID, the moderate-power waveguide-based coaxial-line MTD and the moderate-power waveguide-based MTD generators were used. The gas flow rate and microwave power (2.45 GHz) delivered to the discharge were in the range of 1÷3 l/min and 100÷ 400 W, respectively. Concentrations of the processed gaseous pollutants usually were from several up to several tens percent. The energy efficiency of decomposition of several gaseous pollutants reached 1000 g/kWh. It was found that the microwave torch plasmas fully decomposed the pollutants at relatively low energy cost. This suggests that the MTD plasma can be a useful tool for decomposition of highly-concentrated gaseous pollutants.

scholarly journals Summertime impacts of Eastern Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 26657-26690 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Im ◽  
M. Kanakidou
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Local Contribution ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Inorganic Aerosol

Abstract. Megacities are large urban agglomerations with intensive anthropogenic emissions that have significant impacts on local and regional air quality. In the present mesoscale modeling study, the impacts of anthropogenic emissions from Istanbul and Athens on local and regional air quality in the Eastern Mediterranean are quantified and the responses to hypothetical decentralization scenarios applied to the extended areas of these densely populated regions are evaluated. This study focuses on summertime impacts on air quality. The results show that Athens emissions have larger regional (0.8%) and downwind (2.7% at Finokalia) impacts on O3 than Istanbul emissions that contribute to surface O3 by 0.6% to the domain-mean and 2.1% to the levels at Finokalia. On the opposite, regarding fine particle (PM2.5) levels, Istanbul emissions have larger contribution both inside the megacity itself (75%) and regionally (2.4%) compared to Athens emissions, which have a local contribution of 65% and domain-wide contribution of 0.4%. Biogenic emissions are found to limit the production of secondary inorganic aerosol species due to their impact on oxidant levels. Hypothetical decentralization plans for these urban agglomerations, maintaining the total amount of their anthropogenic emissions constant but homogeneously distributing it over larger "new" extended areas, would result in higher O3 mixing ratios inside the urban core (215% and 26% in Istanbul and Athens, respectively). On the opposite, PM2.5 concentrations would decrease by 67% and 60% in Istanbul and Athens, respectively, whereas they would increase by 10% and 11% in the rural areas of Istanbul and Athens, respectively. Concerning the "new" extended areas, Athens would experience a reduction in O3 mixing ratios by ~2% whereas Istanbul would experience an increase by ~15%. Overall decreases of PM2.5 levels by 32% and 9% are calculated over the Istanbul and Athens "new" extended areas.

scholarly journals Characteristics of wintertime VOCs in suburban and urban Beijing: concentrations, emission ratios, and festival effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Junling Li ◽  
Shengrui Tong ◽  
Weigang Wang ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Suburban Site ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed at a suburban site and an urban site in Beijing during the winter of 2014–2015. The VOC concentrations and emission ratios (ERs) to CO were compared at these two sites. It is found that though the VOC concentrations at the urban site are 2.67 ± 1.15 times of those at the suburban site, the ERs are similar (within a factor of 1.5). It is indicated that: (1) the VOCs at suburban areas are mainly from the transportation from the urban areas; (2) the ERs measured at the urban areas are also valid for the surrounding suburban areas. By comparing the diurnal variations and the contribution of anthropogenic emissions at both sites, we find that the photochemical processes are very active at the urban site, and these processes play an important role in the daytime oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) formation. The methanol at the urban site and the formic acid at the suburban site probably have additional sources, which are attributed to be solvent use and soil/agriculture, respectively. The festival effects from Chinese New Year (CNY) were investigated. The VOC concentrations decreased ~ 60 % during CNY holidays, probably due to the population migration during festival holidays. In addition, fireworks are found to be an important source of acetonitrile, aromatics, and some OVOCs during CNY festival, and should be controlled more strictly. This study provides key characteristics of wintertime VOCs in suburban and urban Beijing, and has implications for better understanding the atmospheric chemistry of VOCs in and around this megacity.

scholarly journals TOAST 1.0: Tropospheric Ozone Attribution of Sources with Tagging for CESM 1.2.2

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2825-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Butler ◽  
Aurelia Lupascu ◽  
Jane Coates ◽  
Shuai Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
System Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Northern Hemispheric

Abstract. A system for source attribution of tropospheric ozone produced from both NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors is described, along with its implementation in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2.2 using CAM4. The user can specify an arbitrary number of tag identities for each NOx or VOC species in the model, and the tagging system rewrites the model chemical mechanism and source code to incorporate tagged tracers and reactions representing these tagged species, as well as ozone produced in the stratosphere. If the user supplies emission files for the corresponding tagged tracers, the model will produce tagged ozone tracers which represent the contribution of each of the tag identities to the modelled total tropospheric ozone. Our tagged tracers preserve Ox. The size of the tagged chemical mechanism scales linearly with the number of specified tag identities. Separate simulations are required for NOx and VOC tagging, which avoids the sharing of tag identities between NOx and VOC species. Results are presented and evaluated for both NOx and VOC source attribution. We show that northern hemispheric surface ozone is dominated year-round by anthropogenic emissions of NOx, but that the mix of corresponding VOC precursors changes over the course of the year; anthropogenic VOC emissions contribute significantly to surface ozone in winter–spring, while biogenic VOCs are more important in summer. The system described here can provide important diagnostic information about modelled ozone production, and could be used to construct source–receptor relationships for tropospheric ozone.

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