Impacts of anthropogenic pressure on the degradation of the forest of Doui Thabet (Saida, Western Algeria) in the context of the restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Aouadj Sid Ahmed ◽  
Nasrallah Yahia ◽  
Hasnaoui Okkacha ◽  
Khatir Hadj
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
The Face ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe forest of Doui Thabet is one of the forests of the Mounts of Saida (Western Algeria) which is experiencing a dynamic regressive. Located in the semi-arid bioclimatic stage, it is located at the edge of two phytogeographic sub-sectors: atlas Tellien Oranais (O3) and high plateau subsector (H1). Among the factors that threaten to curb this fragile and weakened ecosystem, in addition to drought and climate aridity and which has become a structural ecological phenomenon; the overgrazing is also a major limiting factor. This current study provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of anthropogenic pressure exerted in this area zone. The methodology adopted in this study is that of Le Houerou (1969) and Montoya (1983), which it is based on the calculation of the annual needs of the herd in forage units, the estimate of the feed potential of production, the coefficient of overgrazing and in addition to the anthropogenic pressure index. The result of the forage balance in the forest rangelands of the studied area has a forage deficit (overload) of (96.64%) (a sylvopastoral imbalance), in addition to that, the coefficient of overgrazing is (92.3%) and the anthropogenic pressure index is very high (28). The conservation and the restoration of this area is a major concern in the face of global changes, taking into account their mode of reproduction and their dynamics, for the development of restoration strategies and more effective ways of protection.

Predicting changes in distribution of a large coastal shark in the face of the strengthening East Australian Current

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Niella ◽  
AF Smoothey ◽  
V Peddemors ◽  
R Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Austral Summer ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
East Australian Current ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The Face

In the face of accelerating climate change, conservation strategies will need to consider how marine animals deal with forecast environmental change as well as ongoing threats. We used 10 yr (2009-2018) of data from commercial fisheries and a bather protection program along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), southeastern Australia, to investigate (1) spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence in bull sharks and (2) environmental factors affecting bull shark occurrence along the coast of NSW. Predicted future distribution for this species was modelled for the forecast strengthening East Australian Current. Bull sharks were mostly harvested in small to larger estuaries, with average depth and rainfall responsible for contrasting patterns for each of the fisheries. There was an increase in the occurrence of bull sharks over the last decade, particularly among coastal setline fisheries, associated with seasonal availability of thermal gradients >22°C and both westward and southward coastal currents stronger than 0.15 and 0.60 m s-1, respectively, during the austral summer. Our model predicts a 3 mo increase in the availability of favourable water temperatures along the entire coast of NSW for bull sharks by 2030. This coastline provides a uniquely favourable topography for range expansion in the face of a southerly shift of warmer waters, and habitat is unlikely to be a limiting factor for bull sharks in the future. Such a southerly shift in distribution has implications for the management of bull sharks both in commercial fisheries and for mitigation of shark-human interactions.

scholarly journals Dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge: problems of degradation and protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych ◽  
Nadiya Lemeha ◽  
Anastasiya Vishchur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Very High

The results of the research of degradation of dark gray podzolized soils (Luvis Greyzemic Phaeozems) of the Chyzhykiv ridge are presented. The causes and consequences of this dangerous natural and anthropogenic phenomenon are analyzed. It has been established that the intensive agricultural use of soils caused the activation of water erosion processes, the development of physical degradation processes, which lead to soil compaction, deterioration of their general physical properties, and loss of humus. Degradation processes lead to a decrease in soil fertility and unprofitability of agriculture, worsen the ecological state of the environment. In the study of degradation processes and their consequences in dark gray podzolized soils, the following methods were used: comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, catena method, analytical, statistical. Soil field explorations were carried out after the growing season. The most dangerous among the degradation processes are erosion degradation, which leads to a decrease in the capacity of the soil profile and deterioration of the soil agrophysical properties. The results of the studies demonstrated that the capacity of the profile of poorly eroded soils decreased on average by 14.5 cm compared to the standard, in medium-eroded – by 28.3 cm, in highly-eroded – by 50.8 cm. Soils underwent erosion from low to very high (crisis) degree. Degradation processes of anthropogenic genesis caused a deterioration of the structural and aggregate state of the soils, which is manifested in a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates and the dominance of the sloping fraction. According to the research results, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates with a size of 10–0.25 mm in the arable soil layer is 18.65–33.86 %, which indicates a high and very high (crisis) level of degradation. Soils also undergo degradation due to re-compaction, which is manifested in an increase in the density of the structure and a decrease in the overall porosity of the soil. Long anthropogenic pressure on soils and erosion degradation processes have led to a decrease in humus content. In particular, in poorly eroded soils the humus content is 2.03 %, in medium-eroded soils – 1.45 %, in highly eroded – 1.06 %, which is 16.9–64.6 % less than the standard. Measures are proposed to minimize the degradation of the dark gray podzolized soils of the Chyzhykiv ridge, which consist in the application of anti-erosion measures and soil-protective methods of soil processing, conservation of heavily degraded lands. The introduction of basic and crisis monitoring of the state of soils in the research area is recommended. Key words: the Chyzhykiv ridge, dark gray podzolized soils, erosion, degradation, soil protection.

scholarly journals Profesionalitas Guru Sekolah Dasar dalam menghadapi Ragam Karakteristik Belajar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Zahid Zufar At Thaariq ◽  
Lindawati Lindawati ◽  
Ryandini Dwi Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
School Level ◽  
Media Management ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Face

This research aimed to review the professionalism of teachers in the face of the learning characters of elementary school students. In the learning process, a teacher's role was critical. Thus, teachers need to be professional in managing learning in the classroom in terms of media management, models and learning resources. This study used mixed methods approach between qualitative and quantitative. This research used online poll instruments and spread to 24 respondents. Respondents were taken from teachers at the elementary school level. The steps in this study were (1) the formulation of the problem (2) looking for the theory foundation, (3) the poll instrument formulation, (4) the distribution of polls, (5) data presentation and (6) drawing conclusions and suggestions. The results revealed that the elementary school teacher had a variety of methods and action in the learning such as the use of discussion, demonstration, lecturing and problem solving methods with a variety of specific reasons. The character of learners became the first consideration on implementing the variety of methods and action. So, the learning process tended to become more varied. The expectation of this research could capture teacher’s performance and give basis to improve the teachers’ profesionalism in the classrooms teaching and learning process.

Hydraulic characterization of low flow drip irrigation emitters used in intensive horticultural crops in Almeria (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fátima Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Rafael Baeza-Cano ◽  
José Roldán-Cañas ◽  
Gema Cánovas-Fernández ◽  
Rafael Reyes-Requena
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Variation ◽  
Very High

<p>In the present work, a selection of drip irrigation emitters used in greenhouse horticultural crops in the province of Almeria, Spain, were hydraulically evaluated, studying their hydraulic behavior and whether they meet with quality standards. Since manufacturers are offering lower flow emitters less spaced, all drippers tested are low flow. The hydraulic characterization will indicate the discharge and emission uniformity of the manufactured emitters, which are the fundamental parameters for the study of water use efficiency in drip irrigation. In the province of Almeria, water is a limiting factor due to the existence of a semi-arid climate, and, in addition, these limited water resources are used by intensive agriculture which causes a high consumption of these resources.</p><p>In total, 21 emitters have been evaluated, including all possible drippers according to their type of insertion (inline, pinched or online and interlinea), hydraulic behaviour (non-compensating and self-compensating) and, within the compensating ones, (anti-draining and non anti-draining). Its flow rates are between 1 and 2.4 l/h, except for a non-compensating interlina emitter of 3.8 l/h.</p><p>To carry out these tests, the criteria of the ISO 9261:2004 standard have been followed, calculating the coefficient of manufacturing variation and the emitter discharge equation on a test bench located in the La Mojonera Centre (Almeria) of the IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishing Research and Training).</p><p>The results of this study show very good behavior in most of the emitters, and, as a consequence, a low coefficient of manufacturing variation has been obtained. The discharge equation obtained in the laboratory shows a low emisión exponent in the self-compensating emitters, being, therefore, the compensation of the pressures very high in all cases. No statistically significant differences have been found between self-compensating and non-compensating emitters by analysing their manufacturing variation coefficients. Nor have any significant differences been found between self-compensating emitters according to whether they are anti-draining or non-anti-draining, considering also the coefficient of variation. In anti-draining emitters, all closing pressures are not satisfied according to the standard, and are exceeded with very high values. The opening pressure is met for two of the four emitters, and one of those that does not meet it does so with a very large value.</p>

Bernanos, Georges (1888–1948)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Valour
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Modern France ◽  
Spiritual Conflict ◽  
The Face ◽  
Charles Maurras ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Very High ◽  
Christian Message

Although still widely read in the 1950s, Bernanos has now become an out dated author, if not entirely forgotten. Though he had a very high reputation among his fellow writers — Claudel, Mauriac, and Malraux admired him — Bernanos has always remained an isolated figure. His Catholic faith was the driving force behind his whole work, as a novelist and a polemicist, and is likely to be the reason why his writings have become obsolete. Fulminating against the liberalizing spirit of modern France, which led to spiritual decadence, Bernanos was part of the circle of Charles Maurras and Léon Daudet until 1932. Maurras and Daudet were the intellectual leaders of the monarchist and extreme right movement L’Action Française. Nevertheless, Bernanos deeply denounces the violence of the pro-Franco, as well as the dangers associated with Fascism and Nazism, in his famous pamphlet Les GrandsCimetières sous la lune (1938). His novels, always extremely profound, present the spiritual conflict of good and evil. His two most famous novels, Sous le soleil de Satan (1926) and Journal d’un curé de campagne (1936), revolve around the humble figure of a country priest confronted with the apparent absence of God in the gloomy landscapes of Northern France; they exemplify the Christian message of salvation in the face of failure and death.

scholarly journals Problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure deposits.

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Sergei Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mineral Raw Material ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The article deals with the problems of mineral raw material losses of quality and quantity management in developing of large-scale complex-structure and composition deposits of solid minerals. It is shown that a very high degree of mining and geological conditions variability in time and space for the development of mining units is typical for such deposits. This significantly complicates the qualitative and quantitative operating losses setting and accounting of mineral raw materials during its extraction in the framework of existing general and industry regulatory documents. Conceptual principles for face-by-face operational setting of losses and impoverishment of minerals for the conditions of bulk mining of complex-structure deposits with the formation of gross mining flow with economically feasible and specified level of quality (the content of commercial and harmful components) are stated. These principles generally do not contradict effective instructions main provisions and are made to minimize the total operating losses during the processing of several mine sections (faces).

scholarly journals Morpho–Sedimentary Monitoring in a Coastal Area, from 1D to 2.5D, Using Airborne Drone Imagery

Drones ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Mury ◽  
Antoine Collin ◽  
Dorothée James
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Very High

Coastal areas are among the most endangered places in the world, due to their exposure to both marine and terrestrial hazards. Coastal areas host more than two-thirds of the world’s population, and will become increasingly affected by global changes, in particular, rising sea levels. Monitoring and protecting the coastlines have impelled scientists to develop adequate tools and methods to spatially monitor morpho-sedimentary coastal areas. This paper presents the capabilities of the aerial drone, as an “all-in-one” technology, to drive accurate morpho-sedimentary investigations in 1D, 2D and 2.5D at very high resolution. Our results show that drone-related fine-resolution, high accuracies and point density outperform the state-of-the-science manned airborne passive and active methods for shoreline position tracking, digital elevation model as well as point cloud creation. We further discuss the reduced costs per acquisition campaign, the increased spatial and temporal resolution, and demonstrate the potentialities to carry out diachronic and volumetric analyses, bringing new perspectives for coastal scientists and managers.

DIRECT SEISMIC DETECTION OF HYDROCARBONS

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
W. Pailthorpe ◽  
J. Wardell
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fluid Interface ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

During the past two years, much publicity has been given to the direct indication of hydrocarbon accumulations by "Bright Spot" reflections: the very high amplitude reflections from a shale to gas-sand or gas-sand to water-sand interface. It was soon generally realised, however, that this phenomenon was of limited occurrence, being mostly restricted to young, shallow, sand and shale sequences such as the United States Gulf Coast. A more widely detectable indication of hydrocarbons was found to be the reflection from a fluid interface, such as the gas to water interface, within the reservoir. This reflection is characterised by its flatness, being a fluid interface, and is often called the "Flat Spot".Model studies show that the flat spots have a wide range of amplitudes, from very high for shallow gas to water contacts, to very low for deep oil to water contacts. However, many of the weaker flat spots on good recent marine seismic data have an adequate signal to random noise ratio for detection, and the problem is to separate and distinguish them from the other stronger reflections close by. In this respect the unique flatness of the fluid contact reflection can be exploited by dip discriminant processes, such as velocity filtering, to separate it from the generally dipping reflectors at its boundaries. A limiting factor in the detection of the deeper flat spots is the frequency bandwidth of the seismic data. Since the separation between the flat spot reflection and the upper and lower boundary reflections of the reservoir is often small, relatively high frequency data are needed to resolve these separate reflections. Correct display of the seismic data can be critical to flat spot detection, and some degree of vertical exaggeration of the seismic section is often required to increase apparent dips, and thus make the flat spots more noticeable.The flat spot is generally a smaller target than the structural features that conventional seismic surveys are designed to find and map, and so a denser than normal grid of seismic lines is required adequately to map most flat spots.

Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. II. Follicle population density during foetal development

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
The Face

Quantitative aspects of follicle initiation and development have been studied in a series of N-type and New Zealand Romney foetuses. Density of the follicle population and ratios of secondary to primary follicles were examined on 13 positions of the body which covered the main wool-bearing areas, the face and head, and the limbs. Primary follicle development is initiated first on the head and limbs and throughout subsequent development these regions are most advanced. Primary follicle density reaches a maximum between 75 and 90 days of foetal age, after which it decreases as a result of skin growth. Secondary follicle initiation is more rapid on the wool-bearing areas of the body, and higher ratios of secondary to primary follicles are recorded from these regions. No real differences have been found between N-type and New Zealand Romney foetuses in population density of the different follicle types at any age or in the number of secondary follicles developed per primary follicle. The growth of larger primary fibres and follicles in N-type foetuses is not accompanied by, and does not result from, a lower density of primary follicles. There does not appear to be any marked relation between the decreasing density of primary follicles after 90 days of foetal age and the initiation of secondary follicle anlagen. This fact, and the absence of any differences in the number of secondary anlagen formed per primary follicle in N-types, suggest that crowding in N-types is not a limiting factor in the formation of secondary follicle anlagen.

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