scholarly journals Growth and Yield Responses of NERICA Rice Varieties to Different Sources of Organic Fertilizer in Transitory Rainforest Zone of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Olalekan Suleiman Sakariyawo ◽  
Akeem Abdulahi Oyekanmi ◽  
Oluwakemi Oladoyin Bakare ◽  
Sunday Gbenga Aderibigbe ◽  
Christopher John Okonji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Rainforest Zone

Abstract Two field studies were conducted to investigate growth and yield responses of NERICA rice cultivars to organic fertiliser sources, at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) between May 31 and September 30 of 2009 and OgbeEruku Village (OEV), Owode - Egba, Ogun State, Nigeria between July 7 and November 30 also in 2009. FUNAAB is a transition between rainforest and a derived savanna whereas OEV is in a rainforest zone. The experiment was a 10 × 3 × 2 factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The treatments were three rice varieties (NERICA 1, NERICA 2, and Ofada) and three application rates of different manure types (poultry manure at 0 t/ha-1, 10 t/ha-1 and 20 t/ha-1; cow dung at 0 t/ha-1, 7 t/ha-1 and 14 t/ha-1; swine manure at 0 t/ha-1, 3.5 t/ha-1 and 7 t/ha-1). These levels are equivalent to 0 kg N/ha-1, 45 kg N/ha-1, and 90 kg N/ha-1. The results indicated significant (P < 0.05) varietal variability on dry matter accumulation at maturity in the order NERICA 1 > Ofada > NERICA 3. Inorganic fertiliser source at recommended rate recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher effect on all growth parameters compared to organic sources. Growth characters were significantly higher at FUNAAB than OEV, conversely grain yield was significantly higher at OEV, where NERICA 1 at higher application rates of poultry and swine manure recorded grain yield comparative to inorganic fertiliser at recommended rate.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Kai Yue ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Setor Kwami Fudjoe ◽  
Renzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.

scholarly journals Studies on Potential of Different Dates of Sowing and Varieties on Productivity of Aerobic Rice in Assam

2020 ◽  
pp. 557-565
Author(s):  
Bidisha Borah ◽  
Kalyan Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Plot Design

An investigation was carried out to determine an optimum micro-climate regimes for different promising varieties of rice for realizing higher yields under aerobic conditions. A field experiment was conducted in the Instructional Cum Research (ICR) Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during autumn season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four micro-climatic regimes (M) in main plot viz., sowing of seed on 15th February (M1), 1st March (M2), 16th March (M3) and 1st April (M4) along with four different rice varieties (V) viz., CR-Dhan 205 (V1), CR-Dhan 203 (V2), CR-Dhan 204 (V3) and Inglongkiri (V4) in sub plot. The results of the experiment revealed that among the different micro-climatic regimes, the micro-climate associated with 1st April recorded positive effect on micro-climate related and yield parameters in terms of canopy temperature, light intensity, soil moister content, soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of effective tillers and grain yield (3004 kg/ha), followed by the micro-climate associated with 16th March sown crop. Among the varieties evaluated, CR-Dhan 203 recorded the highest value in terms of number of effective tillers (187/m2) followed by Inglongkiri, CR-Dhan 204 and CR-Dhan 205. The highest grain yield of 2860 kg/ha recorded in rice variety CR-Dhan 203 was significantly superior to that of other varieties except Inglongkiri. In terms of economics, the crop sown on 1st April recorded the highest net return (INR 51755 /ha) and B:C ratio (2.30) which was found to be the greatest.

Growth and yield responses of rice to carbon dioxide concentration

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Baker ◽  
L. H. Allen ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYRice plants (Oryza salivaL., cv. IR30) were grown in paddy culture in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers at Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1987. The rice plants were exposed throughout the season to subambient (160 and 250), ambient (330) or superambient (500, 660, 900 μmol CO2/mol air) CO2concentrations. Total shoot biomass, root biomass, tillering, and final grain yield increased with increasing CO2concentration, thegreatest increase occurring between the 160 and 500 μmol CO2/mol air treatments. Early in the growing season, root:shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing CO2concentration; although the ratio decreased during the growing season, net assimilation rate increased with increasingCO2concentration and decreased during the growing season. Differences in biomass and lamina area among CO2treatments were largely due to corresponding differences in tillering response. The number of panicles/plant was almost entirely responsible for differences in final grain yield among CO2treatments. Doubling the CO2 concentration from 330 to 660 μmol CO2/mol air resulted in a 32 % increase in grain yield. These results suggest that important changes in the growth and yield of rice may be expected in the future as the CO2concentration of the earth's atmosphere continues to rise.

scholarly journals Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Saidajan Abdiani ◽  
Imran Khan Wafa ◽  
Zubair Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

Growth and yield of determinate and indeterminate cowpeas in dryland agriculture

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Chaturvedi ◽  
P. K. Aggarwal ◽  
S. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
The Tropics

SummaryCowpea is an important food legume crop of arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics. In such climates whether a determinate or indeterminate type of growth habit would be more useful is not clear. In the present study a determinate and indeterminate cultivar of cowpea were grown at two population densities under rainfed conditions for 2 years. Grain yield was higher in the indeterminate variety for both years. At higher density more dry matter was produced but it had no effect on grain yield. Nitrogen analysis showed that it moved from leaves to developing pods. However, a large amount of nitrogen was still left in vegetative parts in contrast to cereals. Pod development was completed in 19 days and the rate of dry-matter accumulation during the peak period of growth was as high as 120 mg/day per fruit. It was difficult for the plant to cope with this high demand for photosynthates. It is suggested that more pods can develop on a plant provided the growth rate of individual pods is slower and extended to a longer period.

scholarly journals Agronomic and productivity efficiency of two animal manure sources on intercropped maize-groundnut in the derived savannah

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ukaobasi Mbah ◽  
Calistus Keke ◽  
Eme Godswill Ogbonnaya Ogidi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Goat Manure

AbstractTwo animal manure sources (swine and sheep / goat manures) each at 5 Mt·ha−1, were applied in mono- and intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). A general control (no manure treatment of the component crops was established) for productivity assessment. The trial, conducted at the Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu (04º 30′ N, 06º 45′ E, 150 m above sea level), in the derived savannah plains, Ishiagu, Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 mid-cropping seasons used a randomised complete block design with three replications. It assessed the agronomic performance, cropping system (CS) and plant nutrient (PN) productivity of maize-groundnut in mono-and intercrop as influenced by two animal manure sources. The two-year combined analysis indicated that animal manure sources significantly (P < 0.05) increased growth and yield components of the crop species in the systems. Swine manure application gave the significantly (P < 0.05) highest maize grain yield in both mono- and intercropped strategies in contrast to sheep / goat manure that had the highest grain yield in both cropping strategies in groundnut. The biological and economic productivity indices of the cropping system (CS) and plant nutrient (PN) indicated that the application of sheep / goat manure in the maize / groundnut mixture exhibited greater intercrop advantage whose total CS and PN land equivalent ratios (LERs) were higher by 4.79% and 13.57%, respectively, relative to swine manure application. Therefore, the application of animal manure demands encouragement in maize-groundnut intercrop, especially sheep / goat manure as it enhances crop yield, food security and protein intake of people living in Sub-Saharan Africa practicing different strokes of farming system technology. The results of this study showed that intercropping system exhibited positive growth, yield, biological and economic advantages over monocropping of the component species. The study further indicated that intercropped maize / groundnut that received sheep / goat manure exhibited the highest cropping system and plant nutrient yield advantage and agronomic efficiency compared to swine manure alone under the same environment.

scholarly journals Effect of different methods of sowing and row orientation on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Available N ◽  
East West

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at the Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College Amritsar, on sandy loam soil, low in organic carbon and available N, Medium in available P and high in available K. Field experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising four methods of sowing such as (Bed Planting, Zero tillage, Flat drilling, Happy seeder) and two row orientation as (North-South and East-West) replicated four times. Bed planting method produced significantly higher growth characters (i.e. plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, yield contributing characters effective tillers, grains ear-1, grain and straw yield, harvest index and B C ratio) than happy seeder and zero tillage sowing Bed planting recorded 14% and 10.48% higher grain yield over happy seeder and zero tillage sowing, respectively. Between row orientations, north-south row orientation produced higher growth and yield attributes than east-west whereas grain yield and biological yield was 3.86% and 3.77% higher than east-west sowing direction respectively.

Seed Treatment and N Rate Do Not Impact Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plant Growth or Grain Yield in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Boersma ◽  
Chris L. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Yield Responses

Application of nitrogen fertilizer and commercial seed treatments are two strategies dry bean growers in Ontario utilize to manage root rot and maximize yields. However, data solidifying these practices is absent or outdated. Experiments were conducted at the Huron Research Station, near Exeter, Ontario, from 2008 to 2010 to measure plant growth and yield responses for navy, kidney, and cranberry dry bean market classes (cv. T9905, Pink Panther, and Etna, respectively) to seed treatment (NST – no seed treatment; CMBD – Cruiser Maxx Bean + Dynasty) and N fertilizer rates of 0, 35, 70, 105, 140 and 175 kg N ha-1. Plant measurements taken included plant emergence, vigour, height and maturity, plant and seed mass, and grain moisture and yield. Over three years, plant growth and yield responses to seed treatment and nitrogen fertilizer were very scarce. Plant emergence and vigour either improved or were not affected by seed treatment or N rate, while increasing N rates increased plant height of only Pink Panther in 2008. Plant mass was unaffected by either factor while seed treatment decreased days to maturity and grain moisture of T9905 in 2008. Nitrogen fertilizer improved the grain yield of Etna, with the highest yields occurring with 70 kg N ha-1 or more, while other cultivar site-years did not respond. Overall, these results demonstrate dry beans rarely respond to N fertilizer or seed treatment at the Huron Research Station. Additional testing over multiple years and locations would assist in predicting these responses.

A differential response of a two-row barley and a six-row barley to detillering under a restricted watering regime

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of detillering on the growth and yield of a six-row barley (cv. Beecher) and a two-row barley (cv. Schooner) grown under adequate and restricted watering was studied in a glasshouse experiment. The vegetative growth of both varieties responded in a like manner to detillering and reduced watering, but there were significant differences in the grain yield responses. Detillering reduced the grain yield per plant in both the non-stressed and stressed treatments of Schooner and the non-stressed treatment of Beecher, but had no significant effect on the yield of Beecher when watering was restricted. The experiment indicated that there may be genetic differences in response to detillering under some conditions and suggests that some caution needs to be exercised when using detillering experiments to predict the value of genetic uniculms.

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