scholarly journals Thermoregulation in humid climate-adapted and Savannah breeds of goats exposed to West African cold (harmattan) season

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Buhari Habibu ◽  
Kausar Mohammed Umar ◽  
Lukman Surakat Yaqub ◽  
Sadat Salifu ◽  
Hussaina Joan Makun
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The West ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The West African Dwarf (WAD) goats have hereditary dwarfism and are adapted to the humid climate. The study compared the cold tolerance of WAD and Savannah (Red Sokoto and Sahel) goats during the peak of the West African cold season in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. A total of 18 adult non-pregnant, dry does comprising equal number of each breed (six per breed) were used for the study. Thermoregulatory variables were recorded four times in the morning (07:00 h) and afternoon (13:00 h) hours at two-day intervals. Results revealed that irrespective of the hour of day, the WAD had significantly (p < 0.05) higher respiratory rate when compared with Red Sokoto and Sahel goats. The diurnal afternoon rise in respiratory rate and the magnitude of afternoon rise in rectal temperature was higher (p < 0.0001) in WAD than Sahel and Red Sokoto goats. The body surface temperature in the morning hours was significantly lower in WAD compared with Sahel breed, while in the afternoon hours, the inter-digital space temperature was significantly lower in WAD compared with Savannah breeds. However, there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in heart rate, rectal, head and leg temperatures between the breeds in both morning and afternoon hours. Discriminant analysis revealed that the morning hours induced greater homogeneity in the thermoregulatory responses between the breeds adapted to the humid and Savannah climates as compared with the afternoon hours. It was concluded that although WAD goats employed more intense peripheral vasoconstriction to survive cold exposure and demonstrated greater diurnal amplitude in thermoregulatory variables, they maintained comparable core body temperature as the indigenous Savannah breeds. Thus, suggesting that despite the hereditary dwarfism, the WAD goats could conserve body heat during the West African cold season in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikmen S ◽  
Davila KMS ◽  
Rodriquez E ◽  
Scheffler TL ◽  
Oltenacu PA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Core Body

In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.

scholarly journals Homicide and corpse dismemberment: A study of one case

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
C BIGOT ◽  
F O NGONGANG ◽  
E NSEME ◽  
M SOUMAH ◽  
Z SANDO
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Planes ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
The West ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
African Context ◽  
Mechanical Asphyxia

Homicide may be an isolated impulsive act arising from a situation or based on a previous conception, which is premeditation. Despite its nature or motivations, homicide remains a wrongful criminal act at all times and in all places. Several studies conducted in Western countries on this topic have highlighted the overriding concern of the criminal, which includes concealing the criminal offence in most cases.In Africa, apart from cases of infanticide, the discovery of the body of a homicide victim in a public place is a relatively common phenomenon, particularly if it involves mutilation.The body was examined; it was a young adult African female whose corpse was wrapped in a plastic bag. The autopsy established that the section or cutting planes were preferably lodged in the large joints.Death was caused by mechanical asphyxia. The focus of this case lies in the atypical nature of this type of postmortem manipulation in the West African context.The unusual nature of this type of homicide illustrates and underscores some reality in our development context.

scholarly journals A Case Report on Osborn Waves of Hypothermia Induced LV Systolic Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnandini Singha ◽  
Amazing Grace Siangshai ◽  
Jashlyn Lijo
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
Core Body

Hypothermia, described as a core body temperature of < 95%, is associated with ECG alteration abnormalities. Sinus bradycardia occurs when the body temperature drops below 90°F, and is correlated with gradual prolongation of the PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval. It can progress to ventricular and atrial fibrillation at a temperature reaching 89°F, which can lead to left ventricular dysfunction. Hypothermia is connected to the osborn waves, which at the end of the QRS complex consist of additional deflection. The inferior and lateral precordial leads are seen by Osborn waves, also known as J waves, Camel hump waves and hypothermic waves. As the body temperature decreases, it becomes more pronounced and a gradual expansion of the QRS complex raises the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation causing ventricle dysfunction.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hyperbaric Exposure on Immediate and Delayed Changes in Core Temperature and Its Circadian Fluctuations

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Joanna Słomko ◽  
Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Jacek J. Klawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Hyperbaric Exposure ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Deep Body

Abstract Changes observed in the core body temperature of divers are the result of a multifaceted response from the body to the change of the external environment. In response to repeated activities, there may be a chronic, physiological adaptation of the body’s response system. This is observed in the physiology of experienced divers while diving. The purpose of this study is to determine the immediate and delayed effects of hyperbaric exposure on core temperature, as well as its circadian changes in a group of three experienced divers. During compression at 30 and 60 meters, deep body temperature values tended to increase. Subsequently, deep body temperature values showed a tendency to decrease during decompression. All differences in core temperature values obtained by the group of divers at individual time points in this study were not statistically significant.

Linking Energy Levels in the Circadian Core Body Temperature Cycle to Human Health and Well-Being

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaufui Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Health And Well Being

The body core temperature is a measure of the health and well-being of a person. This temperature seldom varies from the average of 37 °C (98.6 °F) and has been used to gage a person’s wellness at any time. The current work reviews the published health and medical works about this topic, focusing on the effects of hypothermia, especially with respect to neurological issues. The controversy still exists, and the jury is out. A heat transfer researcher’s insight foresees the possible results and calls for more research in the field. In addition, a perspective is provided for a couple of traditional “truths” about related topics that have been challenged in recent times.

scholarly journals Utilization of Infrared Thermography in Cattle Production and Its Application Potency in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Diana Bansi
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Small Change

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive remote sensing method to detect temperature. Many studies have shown that temperature in several regions of the body could be representative of core body temperature. Body temperature of cattle can be used to evaluate health status, stress, thermal balance, and feed efficiency. The aim of this article is to review utilization of IRT in cattle production system and its potency to be applied in Indonesia. The ability of IRT to detect even the small change of body surface temperature has made this device is very useful in cattle production industry. Infrared thermography has been used as a tool to detect an early detection of inflammation as sign of some diseases such as mastitis, foot and mouth disease. Infrared thermography can also evaluate feed efficiency through detection of heat production produced by metabolism process. Some important constraints of cattle production in Indonesia such as diseases and low feed efficiency may have strong correlation with body temperature change. Therefore, IRT is very potential to be applied in cattle farms in Indonesia.

Influence of Exercise Condition on Tissue Blood Temperature Using Whole Body Model

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarup A. Zachariah ◽  
Anup K. Paul ◽  
Rupak K. Banerjee ◽  
Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Blood Temperature ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Core Body

Predicting thermal responses of the human body accurately during different exercise conditions is of increasing importance. Computing changes in the core body temperature (T c) during exercise require detailed modeling of both the body tissue temperature and the time-dependent blood temperature. Predicting changes in T c is challenging because the model needs to respond effectively to the changes in perfusion or sweating. Our study was to demonstrate the ability of a recently developed whole body heat transfer model. It simulates the tissue-blood interaction to predict the thermal response of the human body under different exercise intensities. The cases simulated were of a human being walking on a treadmill at 0.9, 1.2 and 1.8 m/s for 30 minutes. It was shown that T c was effectively regulated within 0.17 °C of the steady state value of 37.23 °C for the three cases by means of adjusting the cardiac output; varying between 15 to 25 liters per minute.

Decrease of Core Body Temperature in Mice by Dehydroepiandrosterone

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Catalina ◽  
Leon Milewich ◽  
William Frawley ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Michael Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serotonin Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Dose Dependent

Dietary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reduces food intake in mice, and this response is under genetic control. Moreover, both food restriction and DHEA can prevent or ameliorate certain diseases and mediate other biological effects. Mice fed DHEA (0.45% w/w of food) and mice pair-fed to these mice (food restricted) for 8 weeks were tested for changes in body temperature. DHEA was more efficient than food restriction alone in causing hypothermia. DHEA injected intraperitoneally also induced hypothermia that reached a nadir at 1 to 2 hr, and slowly recovered by 20 to 24 hr. This effect was dose dependent (0.5–50 mg). Each mouse strain tested (four) was susceptible to this effect, suggesting that the genetics differ for induction of hypophagia and induction of hypothermia. Because serotonin and dopamine can regulate (decrease) body temperature, we treated mice with haloperidol (dopamine receptor antagonist), 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (serotonin production inhibitor), or ritanserin (serotonin receptor antagonist) prior to injection of DHEA. All of these agents increased rather than decreased the hypothermic effects of DHEA. DHEA metabolites that are proximate (5-androstene-3β, 17β-diol and androstenedione) or further downstream (estradiol-17β) were much less effective than DHEA in inducing hypothermia. However, the DHEA analog, 16α-chloroepiandrosterone, was as active as DHEA. Thus, DHEA administered parentally seems to act directly on temperature-regulating sites in the body. These results suggest that DHEA induces hypothermia independent of its ability to cause food restriction, to affect serotonin or dopamine functions, or to act via its downstream steroid metabolites.

scholarly journals Heterothermy is associated with reduced fitness in wild rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 20170521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane K. Maloney ◽  
Maija K. Marsh ◽  
Steven R. McLeod ◽  
Andrea Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Core ◽  
Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

An increase in variation in the 24 h pattern of body temperature (heterothermy) in mammals can be induced by energy and water deficits. Since performance traits such as growth and reproduction also are impacted by energy and water balance, we investigated whether the characteristics of the body temperature rhythm provide an indication of the reproductive success of an individual. We show that the amplitude of the daily rhythm of body temperature in wild rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) prior to breeding is inversely related to the number of pregnancies in the subsequent seven months, while the minimum daily body temperature is positively correlated to the number of pregnancies. Because reproductive output could be predicted from characteristics of the core body temperature rhythm prior to the breeding season, we propose that the pattern of the 24 h body temperature rhythm could provide an index of animal fitness in a given environment.

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