scholarly journals Chemical Looping Combustion Related Processes Using Solid Oxygen Carriers Oxidized in CO2 Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-589
Author(s):  
Bronisław Psiuk ◽  
Józef Wojsa ◽  
Anna Gerle ◽  
Tamara Pochwała ◽  
Jacek Szade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Solid Oxygen

Abstract Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is an attractive process in CO2 capture, especially when solid oxygen carriers are used in it. The main requirements for oxygen-transporting materials include appropriate oxidation (in air) and reduction (in the presence of fuel) ability. In the paper a conceptual proposition for CLC-related processes with the application of solid oxygen carriers oxidized in both air and CO2 atmosphere has been presented. The possibility of the “looping” process on the same carriers using both CO2 and air atmosphere as an oxidizing agent allows us to enrich the concept of CLC and related processes by proposing a cyclic recirculation of the produced CO2 back to the installation. The oxidizing of solid oxygen carrier in a CO2 atmosphere is accompanied by CO emission from the plant. This toxic gas could be transformed into a useful product in any chemical process. It is possible to combine the looping processes with manufacturing of any appropriate morphological form of carbon in the cyclic CO disproportionation process. The combined process could lead to a lower CO2 emissions to the environment. SrTiO3 doped by Cr (STO:Cr) and a mixture of TiO2- and Ni-based compounds (TiO2-Ni) were investigated as oxygen transporting materials. The experiment methodology based on thermogravimetric, diffraction and spectroscopic studies was shown. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Powder Diffraction (XRD) measurements were provided in-situ during a few cycles in a reducing (Ar+3 % H2) and oxidizing environment. Moreover, the STO:Cr powders were characterized ex-situ by the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) method. It was found that in tested conditions the cyclic process of the investigated powders’ oxidation and reduction is possible. Satisfactory results considering the oxygen transport capacity was obtained for the TiO2-Ni sample.

scholarly journals Evaluating the reactivity of CuO-TiO2 oxygen carrier for energy production technology with CO2 capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e514101220596
Author(s):  
Dener da Silva Albuquerque ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Romário Cezar Pereira da Costa ◽  
Fernando Velcic Maziviero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Oxygen

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes have been shown to be promising and effective in reducing CO2 production from the combustion of various fuels associated with the growing global demand for energy, as it promotes indirect fuel combustion through solid oxygen carriers (SOC). Thus, this study aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate mixed copper and titanium oxide as a solid oxygen carrier for use in combustion processes with chemical looping. The SOC was synthesized based on stoichiometric calculations by the polymeric precursor method and characterized by: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-FEG) with EDS, and Programmed Temperature Reduction (PTR). The oxygen carrying capacity (ROC) and the speed index of the reduction and oxidation cycles were evaluated by Thermogravimetric Reactivity (TGA). The main reactive phase identified was: The CuO phase for the mixed copper and titanium oxide were identified and confirmed by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement method. The reactivity of the CuO-TiO2 system was high, obtaining a CH4 conversion rate above 90% and a speed index of 40%/min. Due to the structural characteristics and the reactivity tests of this material, it is concluded that mixed copper and titanium oxide have the necessary requirements to be used in chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes.

scholarly journals Characterization for Disposal of the Residues Produced by Materials Used as Solid Oxygen Carriers in an Advanced Chemical Looping Combustion Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Adriana Carrillo ◽  
Carmen Forero
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Solid Oxygen

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a technology that is part of the capture and storage of CO2 through the combustion with solid oxygen carriers (OCs). It is considered an energy-efficient alternative to other methods, since it is a technology that inherently separates CO2 and has the advantage of not requiring additional energy for this separation. The key to the performance of CLC systems is the OC material. Low-cost materials, i.e., natural minerals rich in metal oxides (chromite, ilmenite, iron, and manganese oxides) were used in this investigation. These may contain traces of toxic elements, making the carrier residues hazardous. Therefore, the oxidized and reduced-phase residues of six OCs, evaluated in a discontinuous batch fluidized bed reactor (bFB) using methane and hydrogen as the reducing gas, were characterized by several techniques (crushing strength, SEM, XRD, and XRF). The researchers found that, in general terms, the residues present a composition very similar to that reported in the fresh samples, and although they contain traces of Ba, Cu, Cr, Ni or Zn, these compounds do not migrate to the leachate. It was mainly found that, according to the current regulations, none of the residues are classified as toxic, as they do not exceed the permissible limits of metals (100 and 5 mg/L for Ba and Cr, respectively), with 3.5 mg/L the highest value found for Ba. Thus, they would not have a negative impact on the environment when disposed of in a landfill.

scholarly journals Chemical Looping Combustion of Methane: A Technology Development View

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutuja Bhoje ◽  
Ganesh R. Kale ◽  
Nitin Labhsetwar ◽  
Sonali Borkhade
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Methane is a reliable and an abundantly available energy source occurring in nature as natural gas, biogas, landfill gas, and so forth. Clean energy generation using methane can be accomplished by using chemical looping combustion. This theoretical study for chemical looping combustion of methane was done to consider some key technology development points to help the process engineer choose the right oxygen carrier and process conditions. Combined maximum product (H2O + CO2) generation, weight of the oxygen carrier, net enthalpy of CLC process, byproduct formation, CO2emission from the air reactor, and net energy obtainable per unit weight (gram) of oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion can be important parameters for CLC operation. Carbon formed in the fuel reactor was oxidised in the air reactor and that increased the net energy obtainable from the CLC process but resulted in CO2emission from the air reactor. Use of CaSO4as oxygen carrier generated maximum energy (−5.3657 kJ, 800°C) per gram of oxygen carrier used in the CLC process and was found to be the best oxygen carrier for methane CLC. Such a model study can be useful to identify the potential oxygen carriers for different fuel CLC systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Johansson ◽  
Tobias Mattisson ◽  
Anders Lyngfelt
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Separation Of Co2

Chemical-looping combustion is a combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. This technique involves combustion of fossil fuels by means of an oxygen carrier which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel. In this manner a decrease in efficiency is avoided for the energy demanding separation of CO2 from the rest of the flue gases. Results from fifty oxygen carriers based on iron-, manganese- and nickel oxides on different inert materials are compared. The particles were prepared using freeze granulation, sintered at different temperatures and sieved to a size 125-180 mm. To simulate the environment the particles would be exposed to in a chemical-looping combustor, reactivity tests under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions were performed in a laboratory fluidized bed-reactor of quartz. Reduction was performed in 50% CH4/50% H2O while the oxidation was carried out in 5% O2 in nitrogen. In general nickel particles are the most reactive, followed by manganese. Iron particles are harder but have a lower reactivity. An increase in sintering temperatures normally leads to an increase in strength and decrease in reactivity. Several particles investigated display a combination of high reactivity and strength as well as good fluidization behavior, and are feasible for use as oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion.

The Performance Research on Reaction of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carrier and CO in Chemical-Looping Combustion Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 974-978
Author(s):  
Wen Yan Li ◽  
Xing Lei Liu ◽  
Qiu Luan Chen ◽  
Feng Ming Chu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Mechanism Function ◽  
Tg And Dtg ◽  
Performance Research

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel technology, which has inherent property of separating the greenhouse gas CO2, which uses oxygen carriers to transfer oxygen for combustion from air to fuel. The reactivity of Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was assessed by measuring their ability to oxidize CO. The kinetics and mechanism of oxygen carrier have been studied by TG and DTG techniques. The kinetic mechanism function of the reaction between Fe2O3/Al2O3 and CO has been built using the Coats-Redfern equation.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of Ca-Based Oxygen Carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jing ◽  
Cui Dejie
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Calcium Sulfide ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Caso4 Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Gravimetric Apparatus

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a promising technology to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) inherently and conveniently without the additional apparatus. At present, for some metal oxide oxygen carriers, the high costs and the positive hazards to the environment inhibit the developing of CLC systems. The feasibility of using CaSO4 oxygen carrier in the CLC system is studied in this paper. Through the thermodynamic analysis, the carbon deposition and the sulfur evolution are studied in the reaction between CaSO4 and a typical syngas. In addition, providing that hydrogen (H2) is fed as the gaseous fuel in the CLC system, the kinetic analysis is investigated on the reduction of CaSO4 by H2 and the oxidation of calcium sulfide (CaS) by oxygen (O2) through the thermo-gravimetric apparatus (TGA). The kinetic models are built on the reduction and the oxidation of the oxygen carrier. The results calculated from the models agree well with the experimental data. Finally, the possible reaction mechanisms for the reduction and the oxidation are explored.

Advances in Chemical-Looping Combustion for Solid Fuels

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Luo ◽  
Shu Zhong Wang ◽  
Long Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Solid Coal ◽  
Recent Advances

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a new method for the combustion of fuels with inherent separation of carbon dioxide, which can simultaneously improve combustion efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. Since solid coal is considerably more abundant than natural gas, it would be highly advantageous if the CLC process could be adapted for solid fuels. The present review introduces the technical approaches for the solid fuels CLC process, and the existing technical problems in solid fuels CLC are discussed. The demands in oxygen carriers of chemical looping combustion for solid fuels are analyzed, and the recent advances in metal oxides oxygen carriers (Cu-, Ni- and Fe-based) and calcium based oxygen carrier are summarized. The recent advances in reactor design are outlined. The main problems in reactor deign are mentioned and the relative measures are pointed.

scholarly journals Advancements in Development of Chemical-Looping Combustion: A Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Fang ◽  
Li Haibin ◽  
Zhao Zengli
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Conversion Rates

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of greenhouseCO2. Extensive research has been performed on CLC in the last decade with respect to oxygen carrier development, reaction kinetics, reactor design, system efficiencies, and prototype testing. Transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides, were reported as reactive species in the oxygen carrier particles. Ni-based oxygen carriers exhibited the best reactivity and stability during multiredox cycles. The performance of the oxygen carriers can be improved by changing preparation method or by making mixedoxides. The CLC has been demonstrated successfully in continuously operated prototype reactors based on interconnected fluidized-bed system in the size range of 0.3–50 kW. High fuel conversion rates and almost 100%  CO2capture efficiencies were obtained. The CLC system with two interconnected fluidized-bed reactors was considered the most suitable reactor design. Development of oxygen carriers with excellent reactivity and stability is still one of the challenges for CLC in the near future. Experiences of building and operating the large-scale CLC systems are needed before this technology is used commercially. Chemical-looping reforming (CLR) and chemical-looping hydrogen (CLH) are novel chemical-looping techniques to produce synthesis gas and hydrogen deserving more attention and research.

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