scholarly journals Organic and non-organic mulches – impact on environmental conditions, yield, and quality of Cucurbitaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bucki ◽  
Piotr Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThe publication presents the current state of knowledge regarding the importance of mulching in the cultivation of Cucurbitaceae (cucurbit, or gourd family) vegetables. The intensifying climate change – mainly decreasing rainfall – combined with large-scale production of cucurbit vegetables worldwide prompt the application of methods that reduce evaporation and weed infestation. One of the widespread methods is mulching of the soil. The most important advantages of this treatment include the efficient use of water, the reduction in soil erosion and in the leaching of nutrients to the deeper layers. In addition, mulching improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and positively affects the surrounding microclimate of the plant. The report includes descriptions of the characteristics of various types of organic, mineral and synthetic mulches used. The results of studies on the environmental conditions forming in mulched soil are presented. Also, the results of research into the physico-chemical properties of mulch-covered soil are collated. The effect of mulching on cucurbit vegetables was evaluated in terms of plant growth and development as well as fruit yield and its biological value. The monograph also deals with the effect of mulching on weed infestation, as well as the occurrence of harmful and beneficial organisms.

scholarly journals The Wood-Based Biorefinery: A Source of Carbon Fiber?

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Gellerstedt ◽  
Elisabeth Sjöholm ◽  
Ida Brodin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Construction Steel ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this mini-review, various attempts to make carbon fiber from lignins are discussed. The replacement of construction steel in cars and trucks with a much lighter carbon fiber-based composite will ultimately result in more fuelefficient vehicles. To replace the precursors of carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or other non-renewable materials such as pitch, by cheap (kraft) lignin, a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of lignin and the development of methods for its homogeneous large-scale production must be achieved.

scholarly journals Application of Microfluidics in the Production and Analysis of Food Foams

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxin Deng ◽  
Jolet de Ruiter ◽  
Karin Schroën
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Millisecond Time Scale

Emulsifiers play a key role in the stabilization of foam bubbles. In food foams, biopolymers such as proteins are contributing to long-term stability through several effects such as increasing bulk viscosity and the formation of viscoelastic interfaces. Recent studies have identified promising new stabilizers for (food) foams and emulsions, for instance biological particles derived from water-soluble or water-insoluble proteins, (modified) starch as well as chitin. Microfluidic platforms could provide a valuable tool to study foam formation on the single-bubble level, yielding mechanistic insights into the formation and stabilization (as well as destabilization) of foams stabilized by these new stabilizers. Yet, the recent developments in microfluidic technology have mainly focused on emulsions rather than foams. Microfluidic devices have been up-scaled (to some extent) for large-scale emulsion production, and also designed as investigative tools to monitor interfaces at the (sub)millisecond time scale. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art in droplet microfluidics (and, where available, bubble microfluidics), and provide a perspective on the applications for (food) foams. Microfluidic investigations into foam formation and stability are expected to aid in optimization of stabilizer selection and production conditions for food foams, as well as provide a platform for (large-scale) production of monodisperse foams.

scholarly journals The development of the market and the production technology of polycrystalline silicon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
V. V. Mitin ◽  
A. A. Kokh
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

The article is devoted to the current state and prospects of production development of main material — polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) which is used in the manufacture of products for micro and power electronics and photovoltaics. The article includes polycrystalline silicon market dynamics analysis. It is noted that the increase in polysilicon output is primarily connected to the growing needs of photovoltaics and the global trend of transition to renewable, alternative energy. It is assumed that the annual increase in the output of polysilicon will reach a level of 10−15 % or more. There are several facts that are important for the intensive development of photovoltaics. They include level of polycrystalline silicon technology and the availability of this material for large−scale production of highly efficient solar cells. According to forecasts, the main technology used in the industry based on «Siemens Process» will remain dominant in the foreseeable period of time. LLC «Kremniytehnoprom» is developing a modern polysilicon production project based on the original designs and modernization of «Siemens Process». It is planned to be created in Russia with the involvement of leading German specialists and enterprises (SPSC GmbH, GEC GmbH). The project provides maximum safety of production, despite the potential risks inherent in technology. First of all it is ensured by guarantees of hardware−technological schemes performance, reliability of the equipment and design solutions in general, as well as by a set of emergency protections. Toxic production waste will be processed into safe substances — targeted products for sale. The created enterprise will ensure the optimization of key indicators for competitive production: the price of polysilicon, production volumes, specific capital investments and current unit costs.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY ON USE OF COLEMANITE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FLOAT GLASS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Жерновая ◽  
Natalya Zhernovaya ◽  
Онищук ◽  
Viktor Onishchuk ◽  
Скурятина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Calcium Borate ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Volatility

Currently actively formed market of translucent constructions. Manufacturers seek to physico-chemical improvement, technological and operational properties of sheet glass by changing their composition, as well as expand the resource base. Much attention is paid borosilicate glass, large-scale production which has a number of drawbacks: high cost and scarcity of traditional raw material of boron – borax, boric acid, high volatility of boron oxide. Alternative boron-containing material is colemanite – water calcium borate.

Physical and chemical aspects of the habitat of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium americanum (Spence Bate, 1868) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Conrado González-Vera ◽  
Héctor R. Buelna-Osben ◽  
Juan M. Catalán-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Physical and chemical aspects of the habitat of Macrobrachium americanum (Spence Bate, 1868) were measured between 10 and 12 h at the bottom of the sampling stations every two months in a year’s cycle. Temperature ranged from 20.73 to 35.69°C; dissolved oxygen from 1.99 to 6.5 mg/l and from 10.6 to 150% of oxygen saturation; salinity from 0.2 to 1.03‰; pH from 7.25 to 9.19; Turbidity from 24.4 to 123.3 NTU; alkalinity from 141.8 to 358 mg/l and total hardness from 156.6 to 751.9 mg/l. Nitrates, total ammonia, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead were not detectable. Potassium ranged from 2 to 13 mg/l and iron was ⩽0.8 mg/l. These findings will help the development of techniques for the production of M. americanum and suggest that this species is a stronger candidate for large-scale production than M. rosenbergii, where water alkalinity and total hardness are high.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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