scholarly journals The Impulse of Force as an Effective Indicator of Exercise Capacity in Competitive Rowers and Canoeists

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Domaszewska ◽  
Jakub Kryściak ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Alicja Nowak ◽  
Małgorzata Barbara Ogurkowska
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity

Abstract The aim of the research was to present the importance of measuring the impulse of force in assessing exercise capacity in professional rowers and canoeists rather than conducting traditional physiological and biochemical analyses. A group of 20 athletes (12 rowers and 8 canoeists) underwent progressive intensity exercise tests in two testing sessions (before and after a training period). During the tests, maximal aerobic capacity, impulse of strength, metabolic indices, and markers of skeletal muscle damage were assessed. Total testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol, interleukin 1,6, and creatine kinase were evaluated in venous blood. The impulse of force at the ventilatory threshold and at the maximum load was correlated with free testosterone and a total testosterone/cortisol ratio during exercise (p ≤ 0.05) and was negatively correlated with cortisol concentration (p ≤ 0.05) in the first testing session (before training intervention). Values were positively correlated with concentration of total testosterone, free testosterone and total testosterone/cortisol, and free testosterone/cortisol ratios during exercise (p ≤ 0.05) in the second testing session (after training intervention). Biochemical indices of overtraining were correlated with maximum oxygen uptake in each session and with the impulse of force at the ventilatory threshold and the maximum load of exercise. Thus, there is an indirect relationship between maximal aerobic capacity and the impulse of force. The measurement of the impulse of force can become a simple and effective method for evaluating the overall exercise capacity of rowers because of its relationship with indices of the load and changes in hormonal indices of anabolic and catabolic processes during exercise. Therefore, it may constitute a replacement for the traditional laboratory measurement of VO2max in highly qualified rowers and canoeists.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency and athletic performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Csulak ◽  
N S Sydo ◽  
L H Horvath ◽  
T S Sydo ◽  
B B Babis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Abstract Introduction Iron metabolism determines the oxygen transport of the blood, thereby affecting the exercise capacity and performance. In patients with heart failure iron deficiency is a major risk factor that predicts and influences patient's quality of life. In athletes diagnosing iron deficiency is also extremely important as it determines sport performance. Purpose Our aim is to study the correlation of iron metabolism parameters with exercise capacity in athletes. Methods Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed as part of detailed sports cardiology screening. We studied in athletes the changes of iron metabolism parameters (serum iron, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin) and correlation with the exercise physiology parameters. Results Our measurements were performed on 105 top athletes: swimmers (n=58,55%; male = 29; junior = 30; 20,4±4,6 y), football players (n=47, 45%; junior = 6; 23,2±5,4 y). Laboratory test verified hemoglobin (male = 153,8±9,4; female = 141,2±7,7 g/L; p<0,001) and hematocrit (male = 0,45±0,03; female = 0,42±0,02 L/L; p<0,001) value in a normal range for all. In women, significantly lower ferritin (67,8±76,2 vs. 98,9±48 μg/L; p<0,05) and higher TIBC (78,1±14,3 vs. 66,5±9,3 μmol/L; p<0,001) were observed. Young male athletes had significantly lower serum iron (16,1±6 vs. 21,2±7,5 μmol/L; p<0,05), ferritin (68±42,7 vs. 109,1±45,5 μg/L; p<0,01) and higher TIBC (76,1±11,0 vs. 64,3±7,4 μmol/L; p<0,001) compared to adults. During CPET male athletes had higher maximal aerobic capacity (52.2±4.4 vs. 55.9±5.5 mL/kg/min; p<0.001) and ventilation (115.8±16.1 vs. 153.2±26 L/min; p<0.001) compared to females. Maximal aerobic capacity and ventilation showed positive correlation with ferritin (p<0,0001). The ferritin cut-off value of iron supplementation was <100 μg/L. Iron supplementation was required in almost half of the athletes (n=49, 47%). Conclusion Diagnosing iron deficiency in athletes, complete iron panel containing ferritin is required. According to our results iron status determines performance, therefore iron deficiency screening and iron supplementation is essential. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): - Supported by the ÚNKP-20-3-I New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the Source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund - The research was financed by the Thematic Excellence Programme (2020-4.1.1.-TKP2020) of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary, within the framework of the Therapeutic Development and Bioimaging programmes of the Semmelweis University.

Dihydrotestosterone is elevated following sprint exercise in healthy young men

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Smith ◽  
Rebecca Toone ◽  
Oliver Peacock ◽  
Scott Drawer ◽  
Keith A. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Repeat Sprint

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exerts both functional and signaling effects extending beyond the effects of testosterone in rodent skeletal muscle. As a primer for investigating the role of DHT in human skeletal muscle function, this study aimed to determine whether circulating DHT is acutely elevated in men following a bout of repeat sprint exercise and to establish the importance of training status and sprint performance to this response. Fourteen healthy active young men (V̇o2max61.0 ± 8.1 ml·kg body mass−1·min−1) performed a bout of repeat sprint cycle exercise at a target workload based on an incremental work-rate maximum (10 × 30 s at 150% Wmaxwith 90-s recovery). Venous blood samples were collected preexercise and 5 and 60 min after exercise. Five minutes after exercise, there were significant elevations in total testosterone (TT; P < 0.001), free testosterone (FT; P < 0.001), and DHT ( P = 0.004), which returned to baseline after 1 h. Changes in DHT with exercise (5 min postexercise − preexercise) correlated significantly with changes in TT ( r = 0.870; P < 0.001) and FT ( r = 0.914; P < 0.001). Sprinting cadence correlated with changes in FT ( r = 0.697; P = 0.006), DHT ( r = 0.625; P = 0.017), and TT ( r = 0.603; P = 0.022), and habitual training volume correlated with the change in TT ( r = 0.569, P = 0.034). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DHT is acutely elevated following sprint cycle exercise and that this response is influenced by cycling cadence. The importance of DHT in the context of exercise training and sports performance remains to be determined.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yoshino ◽  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
Dallin Tavoian ◽  
David Russ ◽  
Brian Clark
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Abstract Most older adults do not exercise regularly. Among those who do, the majority only perform one type of exercise, and— as such— are either not getting the benefits of endurance exercise or resistance exercise. The aim of this pilot study was to determine which standalone exercise strategy has the greatest effect on both cardiorespiratory and lower-extremity muscular function in insufficiently active older adults 60 to 75 years of age (N = 14). Participants were randomly assigned to either resistance training (RT, n=5), moderate intensity continuous training on a stationary bicycle (MICT, n=4), or high-intensity interval training on a stationary bicycle (HIIT, n=5) for supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption increased a comparable amount in all groups (11.9±11.2% for HIIT vs. 8.0±14.8% for MICT vs 9.8±5.7% for RT). Leg extensor power did not change in the HIIT group (-0.34±5.2%), but increased by 5.2±9.7% in the MICT group and 14.5±26.1% in the RT group. Leg extensor strength decreased by 1.7±22.1% in the HIIT group and 0.6±6.4% in the MICT group, but increased by 27.3±21.2% in the RT group. These findings demonstrate that RT results in improved lower-extremity strength and power, as well as improvements in maximal aerobic capacity comparable to MICT and HIIT in older adults. Thus, RT should be promoted as an essential exercise strategy for older adults, particularly for individuals who are inactive or that are only performing one type of exercise regularly.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in HFpEF patients: the Aldo-DHF randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Johannes Scherr ◽  
Elke Lorenz ◽  
Benjamin Lechner ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Neurohumoral Activation

Abstract Objectives To evaluate associations of omega-3 fatty acid (O3-FA) blood levels with cardiometabolic risk markers, functional capacity and cardiac function/morphology in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Background O3-FA have been linked to reduced risk for HF and associated phenotypic traits in experimental/clinical studies. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, the omega-3-index (O3I = EPA + DHA) was analyzed at baseline in n = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥ 50%, E/e′ 7.1 ± 1.5; median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82–298). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of the O3I with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF, and neurohumoral activation at baseline/12 months. Results The O3I was below (< 8%), within (8–11%), and higher (> 11%) than the target range in 374 (93%), 29 (7%), and 1 (0.2%) patients, respectively. Mean O3I was 5.7 ± 1.7%. The O3I was inversely associated with HbA1c (r = − 0.139, p = 0.006), triglycerides-to-HDL-C ratio (r = − 0.12, p = 0.017), triglycerides (r = − 0.117, p = 0.02), non-HDL-C (r = − 0.101, p = 0.044), body-mass-index (r = − 0.149, p = 0.003), waist circumference (r = − 0.121, p = 0.015), waist-to-height ratio (r = − 0.141, p = 0.005), and positively associated with submaximal aerobic capacity (r = 0.113, p = 0.023) and LVEF (r = 0.211, p < 0.001) at baseline. Higher O3I at baseline was predictive of submaximal aerobic capacity (β = 15.614, p < 0,001), maximal aerobic capacity (β = 0.399, p = 0.005) and LVEF (β = 0.698, p = 0.007) at 12 months. Conclusions Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and predictive of higher submaximal/maximal aerobic capacity and lower BMI/truncal adiposity in HFpEF patients. Graphic abstract Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in HFpEF patients. Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and aerobic capacity (left) but did not correlate with echocardiographic markers for left ventricular diastolic function or neurohumoral activation (right). An O3I-driven intervention trial might be warranted to answer the question whether O3-FA in therapeutic doses (with the target O3I 8–11%) impact on echocardiographic markers for left ventricular diastolic function and neurohumoral activation in patients with HFpEF. This figure contains modified images from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com) licensed by a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

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