scholarly journals Exploitation of Rape Flow by Bee Colonies in Stationary and Migratory Apiary

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Teper ◽  
Piotr Skubida ◽  
Piotr Semkiw ◽  
Wojciech Skowronek
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pollen Traps ◽  
Bee Colonies

Summary The aim of the study conducted in 2009 - 2011 was to estimate the differences in the nectar and pollen oilseed rape flow exploitation by bee colonies kept in the stationary apiary (permanently located on the rape field) and in the migratory apiary. The migratory apiary was transferred to the rape field at the appropriate time and situated on the same area as the stationary apiary. Every study year, 8 bee colonies per apiary, in two apiaries of different types (stationary and migratory apiary), were prepared. The colonies from the migratory apiary were placed on the rape field when about 10% of rape flowers were blooming. During that time, bottom pollen traps were inserted into the hives of both apiaries. The pollen loads were collected every day, separately from each colony. After the end of the flow season, honey was extracted separately from each colony. The honey was weighed and samples were taken for the palynological analysis. The weather conditions were monitored during the whole study period. The average harvest of pollen loads from one bee colony during one day, was similar in both apiaries. The content of Brassica napus pollen was significantly higher in the pollen loads harvested from the migratory apiary. Despite the fact that the amounts of honey extracted from both apiaries were similar, the microscopic pollen analysis showed significantly higher percentage content of rape pollen in the honey from the migratory apiary. The results confirmed that placing the migratory apiary in the winter rape field at the time when about 10% of flowers were blooming resulted in a better exploitation of the rape flow by the bee colonies from this apiary in comparison to the colonies from the stationary apiary.

scholarly journals Influence of spring feed on the strength of honey bee colonies during spring development

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1757-1760
Author(s):  
B. Andjelkovic ◽  
G. Jevtic ◽  
M. Mladenovic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
T. Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bee Colonies

The strength of honey bee colonies during year depends on wintering and on biologic development of colonies during spring period. To ensure satisfactory colony development in spring period, it is necessary to add stimulative feed. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different types of spring feed on the honey bee colony strength. Twenty honey bee colonies were selected for this experiment. Colonies were divided into five groups, and each group received different stimulative feed. The first group was fed with sugar syrup, and the second with sugar syrup with added microelements and with vitamin complex. The third group received sugar candy without additives, and the fourth group received sugar candy with addition of microelements and vitamins. The fifth group was fed with honey. The experiment was conducted on the apiary of the Institute for forage crops in Krusevac.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Bee Colonies’ Activity During the Major Gatherings in 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Silvia PĂTRUICĂ ◽  
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN ◽  
Marian BURA ◽  
Robert JURCOANE ◽  
Alex SPOREA
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
Honey Bee Colony ◽  
Bee Colonies

The assessment of the meteorological factors, in direct correlation with the nectar release and honey production, helps beekeepers with the organization of the technological activities within the apiary (determination of the pastoral schedule, supplementary feedings, reproduction of bee colonies, honey harvest, etc.). The study was carried out between 14th of April and 20th of July 2017, on 20 Apis mellifera carpatica bee colonies, maintained in multi-layer and Dadant beehives. The bee colonies were transported in field for rape, acacia and sunflower gathering and monitored with the help of the BeeWatch Professional device. The rape and acacia gatherings were negatively influenced by low temperatures and heavy rainfall, which impeded the capitalization of the melliferous potential. The bee colonies gathered only 5 kg rape honey and 3.9 kg acacia honey/bee colony/period. As regards the sunflower, the weather conditions were optimal for gathering, and the bee colonies gathered the supplies necessary for winter and also 5 kg honey extra. The honey production obtained by the bee colonies studied was not influenced by the beehive type; it was strongly influenced by the environmental factors, temperature and humidity.

scholarly journals POLLEN GIVING PLANTS VISITED BY THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zheko Radev
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Key Words Honey Bee ◽  
Pollen Traps ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Floral Specialization

The analysis of the honey plants in the area of apiculture is very important about the development, reproduction and productivity of bee colonies. The knowledge of the floral specialization of Apis mellifera L. is main point for good beekeeping practices. The bees have visited 46 species of honey plants from 41 genera and 22 families. The honey bees prefer to collect pollen from 2 to 5-6 plant species during every single month. Bees mainly collect pollen from two or three plants every month. The agricultural species Brassica napus as well as the meadow flora – Сentaurea solstitialis and Centaurea cyanus are the most visited honey plants during their flowering. Bees prefer to collect pollen from 16 plants out of 46 visited taxons. Not all plants in the area serve as a source of pollen for the bees. The greatest amount of collected pollen comes from Brassica napus – 3798.69 g. The visited cultivated honey taxons are around 22 % but about 56.5 % of the total amount collected pollen. Around 78 % of the visited plants are common natural as well as about 43.5 % of the total amount collected pollen. Key words: honey bee, honey plants, pollen, pollen traps, melissopalynologia, specialization

scholarly journals Modified artificial bee colony algorithm for solving mixed interval-valued fuzzy shortest path problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ebrahimnejad ◽  
Mohammad Enayattabr ◽  
Homayun Motameni ◽  
Harish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Fuzzy Network ◽  
Interval Valued

AbstractIn recent years, numerous researchers examined and analyzed several different types of uncertainty in shortest path (SP) problems. However, those SP problems in which the costs of arcs are expressed in terms of mixed interval-valued fuzzy numbers are less addressed. Here, for solving such uncertain SP problems, first a new procedure is extended to approximate the summation of mixed interval-valued fuzzy numbers using alpha cuts. Then, an extended distance function is introduced for comparing the path weights. Finally, we intend to use a modified artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm to find the interval-valued membership function of SP in such mixed interval-valued fuzzy network. The proposed algorithm is illustrated via two applications of SP problems in wireless sensor networks and then the results are compared with those derived from genetic and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, based on three indexes convergence iteration, convergence time and run time. The obtained results confirm that the MABC algorithm has less convergence iteration, convergence time and implementation time compared to GA and PSO algorithm.

scholarly journals Sublethal concentrations of clothianidin affect honey bee colony growth and hive CO2 concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Meikle ◽  
John J. Adamczyk ◽  
Milagra Weiss ◽  
Janie Ross ◽  
Chris Werle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractThe effects of agricultural pesticide exposure upon honey bee colonies is of increasing interest to beekeepers and researchers, and the impact of neonicotinoid pesticides in particular has come under intense scrutiny. To explore potential colony-level effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide at field-relevant concentrations, honey bee colonies were fed 5- and 20-ppb concentrations of clothianidin in sugar syrup while control colonies were fed unadulterated syrup. Two experiments were conducted in successive years at the same site in southern Arizona, and one in the high rainfall environment of Mississippi. Across all three experiments, adult bee masses were about 21% lower among colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin than the untreated control group, but no effects of treatment on brood production were observed. Average daily hive weight losses per day in the 5-ppb clothianidin colonies were about 39% lower post-treatment than in the 20-ppb clothianidin colonies, indicating lower consumption and/or better foraging, but the dry weights of newly-emerged adult bees were on average 6–7% lower in the 5-ppb group compared to the other groups, suggesting a nutritional problem in the 5-ppb group. Internal hive CO2 concentration was higher on average in colonies fed 20-ppb clothianidin, which could have resulted from greater CO2 production and/or reduced ventilating activity. Hive temperature average and daily variability were not affected by clothianidin exposure but did differ significantly among trials. Clothianidin was found to be, like imidacloprid, highly stable in honey in the hive environment over several months.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure of honey bee colonies to neonicotinoid seed–treated maize crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pohorecka ◽  
Piotr Skubida ◽  
Piotr Semkiw ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Dariusz Teper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Bee Colonies

Abstract The effects to honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during and after exposure to flowering maize (Zea mays L.), grown from seeds coated with clothianidin and imidacloprid was assessed in field-realistic conditions. The experimental maize crops were adjacent to the other flowering agriculture plants. Honey bee colonies were placed in three differently protected maize fields throughout the blooming period, and thereafter they were transferred to a stationary apiary. Samples of pollen loads, bee bread, and adult bees were collected and analyzed for neonicotinoid residues. To ensure high specificity and sensitivity of detection of the analyzed pesticides, a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used. Clothianidin was detected only in the samples of pollen loads. Their residue levels ranged from 10.0 to 41.0 ng/g (average 27.0 ng/g). Imidacloprid was found in no investigated sample. No negative effects of neonicotinoid seed-treated maize on the development and long-term survival of honey bee colonies were observed. The low proportion of Zea mays pollen in total bee-collected pollen during the maize flowering period was noted. The findings suggest that maize plants are less attractive forage for honey bees than phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), goldenrod (Solidago L.), and vegetation from Brassicaceae family. The results indicate a possibility of reducing the risk of bees being exposed to the toxic effect of insecticidal dusts dispersed during maize sowing by seeding, in the areas surrounding maize crops, plants that bloom later in the year.

scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

scholarly journals Reclaiming land flooded with salt water.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
C.W.C. Beekom
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spring Sowing

The effect of sea floods on grassland is described and recommendations are made for the restoration of inundated grassland. Turf may be heavily damaged after +or- 4 weeks inundation with water containing more than 20 g. NaCl per 1. At lower salt concentrations Poa sp. and Trifolium repens are still badly damaged but other species, notably Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera and Alopecurus sp., are capable of immediate regrowth after drainage. If grassland remains submerged during spring, rising temperatures promote active growth of the grasses followed by rapid decay caused by lack of oxygen. L. perenne is especially sensitive to submergence in warm weather. The dominant weed communities which appear on land on which the turf has been destroyed by sea-water are described. Reseeding is recommended as the quickest method of restoring badly damaged turf. The flooded land should first be thoroughly drained and then repeatedly harrowed to produce a shallow seed-bed on which herbage mixtures can be sown without the application of gypsum. Given average weather conditions, normal permanent grassland mixtures can be sown at salt concentrations, measured in spring, of up to 8-10 g. NaCl per 1. of moisture in the 5-20 cm. soil layer. At a salt concentration of about 10 g. per 1. measured in spring, L. perenne tends to dominate over other species while Poa sp. and T. repens suffer during the summer. At a salt concentration of 10-15 g. per 1. in spring, Poa sp. and T. repens should be omitted from seed mixtures, instead mixtures consisting of different types of L. perenne, Festuca pratensis and Phleum pratense should be sown. When the salt concentration of the soil moisture is higher that 15 g. per 1. in spring, sowing should be delayed and the weeds checked by mowing or grazing. Temporary rises of the salt concentration in dry symmers to 25 g. per 1. are tolerated by L. perenne, F. pratensis and Ph. pratense; similar rises up to 15-18 g. per 1. are tolerated by Poa sp. and T. repens.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The influence of acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the mortality and behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica Pollman) in oilseed rape cultivations

Apidologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1154
Author(s):  
Daria Dworzańska ◽  
Graham Moores ◽  
Joanna Zamojska ◽  
Przemysław Strażyński ◽  
Paweł Węgorek
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apis Mellifera Carnica ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractThe aim of the research was to determine the influence of acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the mortality and behaviour of honeybees of the same variety, coming from the same source and estimated to be in good condition by a professional beekeeper, but in different years and under different weather conditions. Results of research conducted in field isolators in oilseed rape fields in the years 2012–2018 showed no acetamiprid influence either on the mortality or on the behaviour of honeybees. Deltamethrin activity differed from a lack of influence through causing mortality and a weaker condition of honeybee colonies to the destruction of the colony. This demonstrates the relative safety of acetamiprid to honeybees and the high risk of deltamethrin use. The differences in the bee colonies’ reaction to deltamethrin are probably caused by the high acute toxicity of this active ingredient, genetically dependent, variable metabolic capabilities of particular bee colonies, or coexistence of a variety of different stressors—mainly pathogens.

scholarly journals Hermetia illucens and Hermetia fenestrata (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Colonization of “Spoiled” Stingless Bee Geniotrigona thoracica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hives in Malaysia

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Tania Ivorra ◽  
Martin Hauser ◽  
Van Lun Low ◽  
Jeffery K. Tomberlin ◽  
Natasha Azmi Nur Aliah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Bee Colonies

Meliponiculture, the keeping of domesticated stingless bees such as Geniotrigona thoracica (Smith, 1857) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is an increasingly popular agricultural industry in Malaysia. This study reports the soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) species of the genus Hermetia colonizing stingless bee colonies in Malaysia. The larvae were reared in the laboratory to the adult stage and identified through molecular and morphological approaches. Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hermetia fenestrata de Meijere, 1904 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) were identified from the sample provided. Earlier records of stratiomyids in stingless bee nests were misidentified as H. illucens. This paper represents the first identified record of H. fenestrata colonizing a “spoiled” stingless bee colony. In addition, adult and larval morphological differences between both species and the roles of both species in bee nest decomposition are discussed.

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