scholarly journals Boots on the streets: a “policization” of the armed forces as the new normal?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2019) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Delphine Resteigne ◽  
Philippe Manigart
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Belgian Population ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Traditional Roles

Abstract The article analyses how the boundaries of postmodern military organizations are changing and how these evolutions affect their relations with the civilian society. The case of the Belgian Defence and the deployment of its military personnel in the streets are used as a case study to illustrate this transformation. Since January 2015, in response to the imminent terrorist threat in Belgium, military units have been deployed in support of the police to monitor sensitive areas, guard buildings and patrol the streets. The article analyses, first, how the population reacted to these new “proximity” roles and, second, the impact of these homeland deployments on the expeditionary readiness of the Belgian Defence and its capacity to carry out its primary missions. The empirical analyses are, based on several quantitative and qualitative surveys, carried out among the Belgian population and the personnel of the Belgian Defence. In particular, the impact of the evolution of the public’s support over time on the blurring of the traditional roles of the military and the use of the military for internal security tasks is analysed.

Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in military units: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. jramc-2019-001341
Author(s):  
Luis Queiros-Reis ◽  
A Lopes-João ◽  
J R Mesquita ◽  
C Penha-Gonçalves ◽  
M S J Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Norovirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Military Units

IntroductionNorovirus gastroenteritis is one of the most frequent causes of personnel unavailability in military units, being associated with significant morbidity and degradation of their operational effectiveness. The disease is usually mild but can be severe and life-threatening in young and healthy soldiers, who are prone to dehydration due to intensive daily activity. Despite its impact, the full extent of the norovirus gastroenteritis burden in military forces remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact and ascertain clinical and epidemiological features of norovirus outbreaks that have occurred in the military forces.MethodsThe systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and used three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and LILACs. Papers published up to 1 September 2019 were included without restrictions if they reported one or more outbreaks in the military forces on active duty, either on national territories or deployed overseas.ResultsA total of 343 papers were retrieved from the literature search. After inclusion/exclusion criteria a total of 39 eligible papers were considered. From 1988 (first reported outbreak in the military) to 2018 more than 101 norovirus outbreaks have been reported in the military, accounting for at least 24 332 cases. Secondary transmission was emphasised as the main route of norovirus transmission in the military forces, with eating outside the military setting an important route for the primary cases.ConclusionsThe present review highlights that norovirus gastroenteritis has been a burden to military troops both in combat and on peacekeeping operations. Norovirus disease has been shown to exact a substantial toll on mission readiness and operational effectiveness. It is noteworthy that the impact of norovirus outbreaks among military units is underestimated because the literature review retrieved information from the armed forces from only nine countries.

Empirical Data on Attitudes Toward Autonomous Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Jai Galliott ◽  
Bianca Baggiarini ◽  
Sean Rupka
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Australian Defence Force ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Combat automation, enabled by rapid technological advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, is a guiding principle in the conduct of war today. Yet, empirical data on the impact of algorithmic combat on military personnel remains limited. This chapter draws on data from a historically unprecedented survey of Australian Defence Force Academy cadets. Given that this generation of trainees will be the first to deploy autonomous systems (AS) in a systematic way, their views are especially important. This chapter focuses its analysis on five themes: the dynamics of human-machine teams; the perceived risks, benefits, and capabilities of AS; the changing nature of (and respect for) military labor and incentives; preferences to oversee a robot, versus carrying out a mission themselves; and the changing meaning of soldiering. We utilize the survey data to explore the interconnected consequences of neoliberal governing for cadets’ attitudes toward AS, and citizen-soldiering more broadly. Overall, this chapter argues that Australian cadets are open to working with and alongside AS, but under the right conditions. Armed forces, in an attempt to capitalize on these technologically savvy cadets, have shifted from institutional to occupational employers. However, in our concluding remarks, we caution against unchecked technological fetishism, highlighting the need to critically question the risks of AS on moral deskilling, and the application of market-based notions of freedom to the military domain.

scholarly journals Differentiation of military personnel for professional selection based on the results of the eye estimation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Ivan F. Seryi ◽  
Sergey Avdyushenko ◽  
Semyon D. Khrushchev
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The most important direction of the military doctrine of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the improvement of the events of manning military units. The degree of fitness of the soldier is currently being determined during professional selection events. The level of development of professionally important qualities is determined for the assessment of professional fitness. The following requirements are placed on the professions of such specialties as the gunner of the tank gun, and the gunner of the artillery gun: accurately determine the distance to the target, select the aiming point, correctly set the initial data on the sight scale. In turn, the scout must be able to navigate the terrain and determine the coordinates of the enemys target and objects, be able to conduct hidden observation. When selecting military personnel for these specialties, special attention should be paid to the individual properties of the eye estimation of candidates. The Eye estimation technique is a tool for differentiating military personnel depending on their ability to accurately recognize spatial intervals. The developed candidate differentiation scales allow determining the place of the subject (area number) among the entire population of candidates depending on the value of the primary indicator from one of 10 subgroups using the percentile scale and assessing the severity of a professionally important function using 10 wall scales (4 figures, 3 tables, bibliography: 8 refs).

scholarly journals Archaic mentality and postmodernism. Case study: Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) of the Australian Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-45
Author(s):  
Yurii Yur'evich Pershin ◽  
Tat'yana Nikolaevna Cherevkova
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Military

The object of this research is the archaic mentality as a latent component of the collective and individual consciousness of military personnel of the Special Airborne Service Regiment (SASR) of the Australian Armed Forces. Archaic mentality is examined for determination and clarification of essential characteristics that manifest in the line of duty and execution of combat tasks by the military personnel of the regiment. Such explication of the archaic contents of mentality is facilitated by certain training regimen of military personnel of the units of Special Operations Command that include specific “keys” for activating archaic mentality. The research is structured on the comparative analysis of worldviews/world relations, methods and patterns of constructing reality, behavioral psychology in the archaic and postmodernist paradigms of the specialists/operators of the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR). The conclusion is made that any army unit, one of which is  the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) of the Australian Armed Forces, is an archaic structure in its essence, with the corresponding collective consciousness, behavioral psychology, and a way of constructing reality. The modern social dynamics and transformations sometimes contain postmodernist attractors and catalysts of postmodernist way of thinking, behavioral psychology, and construction of reality. These characteristics can clearly influence the archaic military structures, although are not capable to make fundamental changes to the essence of these organizations. In the context of substantial (if possible) degeneration of the archaic social structures (including consciousness, way of thinking, and behavioral psychology) into postmodernist, their essence would be lost, and they would no longer fulfill their functions.

scholarly journals Military personnel and the transition into civilian employment: A systematic narrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Whybrow ◽  
Christine Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Job Skills ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Civilian Employment ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Background: Service personnel are often of working age when retiring from the military. A sizeable number of military personnel transition into civilian careers every year, but little is known about the impact of this transition. Objective: This systematic narrative review aims to consider the international evidence about military personnel’s experience of transition to civilian employment.Methods: Four bibliographic databases were searched for published research about fulltime regular military veterans in civilian employment. Twenty-three studies were identified that included both qualitative and quantitative research. These studies were graded as moderate to good quality.Results: Four themes emerged from the review: the value of military experience; successful career transition; the difference between military and civilian employment; identity as a veteran.Key points were: veterans might hold a naive view of the value of their military experience;being able to transfer job skills to civilian employment may be an advantage; there were differences between the military and civilian workplace; constructing a civilian workplace identity included adjusting to different workplace values. Conclusion: Further research into the experience of deciding to leave the armed forces may help the armed forces to develop strategies for retaining personnel. No study focussed solely upon midlife career change and research into this area is important because military careers typically finish midlife.

THE CURRENT STATE OF MILITARY HISTORY

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK MOYAR
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Military History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Irregular Forces ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Military history is often misconstrued as a field requiring little intellectual skill, in which the historian provides little more than a chronology of generals and battles. Analysis of one hundred of the twenty-first century's best military histories reveals that military history today goes well beyond such subject matter, incorporating social, cultural, and political history. Common areas of inquiry for contemporary historians include the impact of society, culture, and politics on a country's ability to wage war; the social, cultural, and political after-effects of war; the society and culture of military organizations; and the relationship between military organizations and the communities from which they spring. While historians continue to devote considerable attention to the conventional militaries of Europe and the United States, many also are studying small armies, irregular forces, non-state actors, civil wars, and non-Western armed forces. Within the military realm, historians frequently tackle subjects of much greater complexity than the generals-and-battles stereotype would suggest, to include the relationship between technological and human factors, the interdependency of land and naval warfare, and the influence of political direction on the military.

Vaccines and the Armed Forces: There “AIN’T” NO “Anti-vaxxers” in the Military

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rosen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
First Year ◽  
World War ◽  
Combat Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

AbstractAs many of you may remember from your first-year Tort and Constitutional Law courses, courts recognize the right of competent adults to refuse medical treatment, even if necessary to save their lives; this generally includes the right to refuse immunizations from diseases, particularly if the vaccine has not yet been approved by the Food & Drug Administration. As you also undoubtedly know, servicemembers are different. To maintain the strength and readiness of the armed forces, military personnel must undergo necessary medical treatment. Otherwise, if they become casualties to disease or other treatable disabilities, servicemembers become burdens on their units, and their jobs must be assumed by others—often leaving their units short-handed. Their illnesses or disabilities thus affect the ability of their units to accomplish their missions and may jeopardize the safety and lives of their fellow servicemembers. Indeed, until World War II, the majority of combat deaths in military units engaged in combat were due to infectious diseases rather than direct combat injuries.

THE EFFECT OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE MILITARY MEN VALUE BASED ORIENTATION FORMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.

MATERIAL RESOURCES IN THE MILITARY LOGISTICS SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V. Makhankov ◽  
A. Maltsev ◽  
A. Kupriniuk ◽  
V. Obertas
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Military Logistics ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Material Separation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The current stage of reforming the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AF) confirms that the crisis in the country's economy has significantly affected the system of logistics of troops, which ensures its main task – to maintain the combat readiness of military units and ensure their livelihood in peacetime. The war in the east of the country and the existing state of providing troops showed the need to improve the organization and management of the process of logistical (technical, rear and medical) provision of training and combat use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is currently in the phase of perspective changes and necessitates the development of a new concept of military information management and logistical flows, which will be implemented by a new, more efficient structure, called the "military logistics system". The purpose of the article is to determine the directions for the creation and accumulation of an optimal nomenclature of stocks of material resources in peacetime and their rational separation at the tactical, operational and strategic levels of management. The article describes the contents of the concepts of "logistics", "echelon", "stocking", "operational accounting". Important tasks of modern conditions of process of creation and management of stocks in the course of reforming of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are systematized; variants of the offered models of inventory management are outlined. The goal is achieved through theoretical and experimental research on volume optimization and material separation at all levels of management, which is one of the key problems of military logistics.

Issues of medical examination and selection of citizens for military service under a contract in Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

2022 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Kuzmin ◽  
◽  
Lyubov Kuzminichna Grigorieva ◽  
Margarita Vadimovna Mirzaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Stage System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Selection Of

In the context of the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a significant increase in the proportion of military personnel doing military service under contract, the issues of manning the troops with healthy, physically developed citizens with high moral and business qualities are of paramount importance. Of particular importance in the selection of candidates for military service under the contract is the conduct of laboratory and instrumental studies, professional and psychological selection, determination of the level of citizens’ physical fitness. The Federal Law «On Military Duty and Military Service» defines a two-stage system for medical examination of citizens entering military service under contract, which is necessary as a barrier in order to prevent citizenswho do not meet the necessary requirements for military personnel from entering the Russian Armed Forces. At the first stage (preliminary examination), the military and medical examination of citizens was carried out by specialist doctors working in medical organizations of the outpatient-polyclinic link of municipalities at the place of citizens’ permanent residence. Medical specialists of the regular military medical commission of the military commissariat of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation participated in the second stage (final examination) of the military medical examination. During the five-year period under study, 5,133 citizens (72.9 %) were selected out of 7,043 candidates for military service under contract, who fully met all the criteria for defenders of the Fatherland.

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