scholarly journals Barefoot running: Between fashion and real way to prevent joint osteo lesions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Manon Carpentier ◽  
Sara Perpiñá Martínez ◽  
Alain De Man ◽  
Charalampos Pierrakos ◽  
Stefaan Isenborgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Shoe Industry ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackground and objectivesRunning has gone from a vital necessity for the man to a playful sport. Different rheumatic and orthopedic pathologies have appeared, in front of which the shoe industry has reacted by creating reinforced shoes that are supposed to overcome the induced lesions. Several years later, the trend toward reinforcement has gone toward minimalism, which is the absence of reinforcement, that is, a more natural race.MethodWe observed variations of kinetics and kinematics in young, unprofessional, healthy runners during a shoe race and a shoeless race, which is the form of maximum minimalism. We then correlated minimalism variations with the variables of the race and the joint angles.ResultsWe observed significant difference (P < 0.01) in the cycle rate, the cycle length, the step rate, and the angle of attack between running with and without shoes. A small variation of the minimalism index is associated with an increase in knee angle (r2> 0.5). Conversely, a large variation in the minimalism index is related to a decrease in the knee angle (r2> 0.5). The minimalism index has no impact on the angulation of the ankle and hip (r2< 0.3).ConclusionSlow transition will bring gains in terms of decreasing the length of the stride, which limits the load on the shin. Greater flexibility can be achieved by decreasing the flexion angle of the knee, which decreases the demand for quadriceps muscles and the risk of knee injury with a greater risk of injury at the tibial level.

scholarly journals Can foot angle influence the risk of injury to the lower limb joints during a field hockey hit?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000568
Author(s):  
Frances E Feeley ◽  
Graham P Arnold ◽  
Sadiq Nasir ◽  
Weijie W Wang ◽  
Rami Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Foot Position

ObjectivesThe lower limb is widely reported as the most commonly injured body part in the field of hockey, more specifically lateral ankle sprains and internal knee injury. Despite this, there remains limited understanding of how the biomechanics of the sport could be adapted to minimise injury. The aim of this study was to propose a foot position during the hockey hit that results in the smallest joint angles and moments, from a total of four different foot positions: 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°, which may correlate to injury risk.MethodEighteen players from the local University Ladies Hockey Club participated in this study. Each player was required to perform a hit with their lead foot in four different positions: 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°, where 0° was a lead foot position perpendicular to the direction of motion of the ball. Angles and moments were calculated with the Vicon system using force plates and motion analysis.ResultsSignificant differences (p<0.05) were found between the angles and moments of the four foot positions tested, indicating that foot angle can influence the degree of angulation, and moments, produced in the lower limb joints during the hockey hit.ConclusionThere is a relationship between lead foot position and the angles and moments produced in the lower limb joints during the hockey hit, and this may correlate with injury risk.

No Difference in Outcomes Following Osteochondral Allograft with Fresh Precut Cores Compared to Hemi-Condylar Allografts

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110219
Author(s):  
Danielle H. Markus ◽  
Anna M. Blaeser ◽  
Eoghan T. Hurley ◽  
Brian J. Mannino ◽  
Kirk A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

Objective The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes at early to midterm follow-up between fresh precut cores versus hemi-condylar osteochondral allograft (OCAs) in the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral lesions. Design A retrospective review of patients who underwent an OCA was performed. Patient matching between those with OCA harvested from an allograft condyle/patella or a fresh precut allograft core was performed to generate 2 comparable groups. The cartilage at the graft site was assessed with use of a modified Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scoring system and patient-reported outcomes were collected. Results Overall, 52 total patients who underwent OCA with either fresh precut OCA cores ( n = 26) and hemi-condylar OCA ( n = 26) were pair matched at a mean follow-up of 34.0 months (range 12 months to 99 months). The mean ages were 31.5 ± 10.7 for fresh precut cores and 30.9 ± 9.8 for hemi-condylar ( P = 0.673). Males accounted for 36.4% of the overall cohort, and the mean lesion size for fresh precut OCA core was 19.6 mm2 compared to 21.2 mm2 for whole condyle ( P = 0.178). There was no significant difference in patient-reported outcomes including Visual Analogue Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement, and Tegner ( P > 0.5 for each), or in MOCART score (69.2 vs. 68.3, P = 0.93). Conclusions This study found that there was no difference in patient-reported clinical outcomes or MOCART scores following OCA implantation using fresh precut OCA cores or size matched condylar grafts at early to midterm follow-up.

Comparison of stirrup lengths chosen for flatwork by novice and experienced riders

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andrews-Rudd ◽  
C. Farmer-Day ◽  
H.M. Clayton ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
D.J. Marlin
Keyword(s):  
Standing Position ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Leg Position ◽  
Combined Data

Although stirrups may be considered an essential part of equestrian equipment, there is little research describing their use and function. The aim of the present study was to compare stirrup lengths chosen for flatwork by novice and experienced riders, and to measure the associated leg position and knee angles. Ten novice and ten experienced riders, with kinematic markers attached to their greater trochanter, lateral femoral epicondyle, and lateral fibular malleolus, mounted three horses and a mechanical horse. The riders selected an appropriate stirrup length for flatwork by adjusting the unnumbered stirrup leathers. Stirrup length was measured and expressed as a percentage of the rider’s leg length measured from the greater trochanter to the floor when standing. Lateral photographs were taken from both sides with the riders mounted on each horse in a standing position. The kinematic markers were digitised to measure knee angle and ankle position relative to the hip in the anteroposterior direction. Within riders, there was no significant difference in stirrup length between the three live horses or between the mechanical horse and live horse. Experienced riders consistently selected a significantly longer stirrup length as a percentage of their leg length compared with novice riders (combined data for live horses and mechanical horse; P=0.005). Experienced riders demonstrated a significantly larger knee angle (combined data for live horses and mechanical horse) compared with novice riders (118±8° and 109±7°, respectively; P=0.016). Novice riders had a significantly larger knee angle on the mechanical horse compared with the live horse (115±9° versus 107±9°, respectively; P=0.003). The relatively longer stirrup length selected by experienced riders is thought to reflect the development of an independent seat, which implies the ability to move the legs independently of the pelvis. The chair seat adopted by novice riders on the mechanical horse could be considered counter to improving their equitation skills.

scholarly journals The Level of the Functional Movement Screen Among Traditional Dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Segar A/L A. Maniveloo ◽  
Borhannudin Abdullah ◽  
Shamsulariffin Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Squat

Movement assessments are commonly used to assess athlete&rsquo;s risk of injury as well as basic and specific skill movement patterns; however, dance is identified to be differing from sports because the average dancer&rsquo;s training load is higher than the athletes. This study aims to identify the difference in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) level among traditional dancers in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted, which involved 66 dancers (M = 33; F = 33). The study comprised traditional dancers from three ethnic backgrounds, namely, Malay, Chinese and Indian. The descriptive analysis described the level of the dancers&rsquo; FMS, as follows: Malay (M = 16.18, SD = 2.062), Chinese (M = 18.50, SD = 1.102), Indian (M = 18.23, SD = 1.445). The ANOVA analysis found a significant difference in the FMS scores among all three groups of dancers, F (2,63) = 14.026, p &gt;.000. The deep squat, hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise and trunk stability tests for push-up indicated a significant difference, whereas the inline lunges test and rotational stability tests showed no significance difference. However, the Post Hoc analysis showed no significant difference between the Chinese and Indian dancers. It can be concluded that there is a difference in FMS scores between Malay, Chinese and Indian dancers. FMS may be a useful tool to help identify dancers about the risk of injury and improve their movement quality.

scholarly journals Plantar support adaptations in healthy subjects after eight weeks of barefoot running training

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8862
Author(s):  
Celso Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
Luis M. Alegre
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Moment

Background Although the studies of barefoot running have intensified, it is still missing longitudinal work analyzing the effects of barefoot running on the phases of plantar support. The objective of this research was to analyze the modifications undergone by the Total Foot Contact (TFC) phase and its Flat Foot Phase (FFP) in subjects beginning the practice of barefoot running, in its acute and chronic effects. Methods A total of 28 subjects were divided into the Barefoot Group (BFGr) (n = 16) and the Shod Group (SHGr) (n = 12), evaluated before (Baseline) and after running for 20 min at 3.05 m·s−1 (Post 20 min Running), and at the end of a running training protocol with an 8-week long progressive volume (Post-8-week Training). The dynamic plantar support was measured with a baropodoscope. The duration of TFC (ms), the moment at which the FFP occurred, the maximum surface of TFC (MSTFC) (cm2), the FFP surface (SFFP) (cm2), the peak pressure of TFC (PP°TFC) (kg·cm−2), and the peak pressure of FFP (PP°FFP) (kg·cm−2) were recorded. The 3 × 2 ANOVA analysis was made to determine the effects and interactions that the condition produced (Shod/Barefoot), and the time factor (Baseline/Post 20 min Running/Post-8-week Training). Results The condition factor caused more significant effects than the time factor in all the variables. Duration of TFC in BFGr showed significant differences between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.000) and between Post-20-min Running and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.000), with an increasing trend. In the moment at which the FFP occurred a significant increase (p = 0.029) increase was found in Post-20 min Running (48.5%) compared to the Baseline (42.9%). In MSTFC, BFGr showed in Post-8-week Training values significantly higher than the Baseline (p = 0.000) and than Post-20-min Running (p = 0.000). SHGr presented a significant difference between the Baseline and Post-8-week Training (p = 0.040). SFFP in BFGr modified its values with an increasing trend (p = 0.000). PP°TFC in BFGr showed a significant decrease (p = 0.003) in Post-8-week Training (1.9 kg·cm−2) compared to the Baseline (2.4 kg·cm−2). In PP°FFP significant decreases were recorded in BFGr and between Post-8-week Training and Baseline (p = 0.000), and Post-8-week Training and Post 20 min Running (p = 0.035). Conclusions The adaptation took place after the 8-week training. The adaptations to running barefoot were characterized by causing an increase of the foot’s plantar support in TFC and in FFP, as well as a decrease of the plantar pressure peak in both phases. Also, there is an increased duration of the TFC and FFP, which may be related to an acquired strategy to attenuate the impacts of the ground’s reaction forces.

Abstract 4104: Organization of Atrial Signals is Critical Prior to Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation with Intravenous Flecainide: Insight from Spectral Analysis of Intracardiac Electrograms

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiun Tuan ◽  
Suman Kundu ◽  
Mohamed Jeilan ◽  
Faizel Osman ◽  
Rajkumar Mantravadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Atrial Activation ◽  
Relative Change

Introduction & Hypothesis: Studies in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) show that an increase in cycle length (CL) and higher organization index (OI) is associated with termination of AF. We hypothesize that similar changes can be seen in chemical cardioversion with Flecainide Methods: Patients who were still in AF at the end of catheter ablation for AF were given intravenous flecainide. OI and dominant frequency (DF) were obtained by Fast Fourier Transform of coronary sinus electrograms over 10s in AF, before and after flecainide infusion. Mean CL was also calculated. Results: 28 patients were identified (18 paroxysmal AF and 10 persistent AF). 8 cardioverted to sinus rhythm (SR) with flecainide. In all patients, mean CL increased from 211 ± 44 ms to 321 ± 85 ms (p <0.001). Mean DF decreased from 5.2 ± 1.03 Hz to 3.6 ± 1.04 Hz (p <0.001). Mean OI was 0.33 ± 0.13 before and 0.32 ± 0.11 after flecainide (p = 0.90). Comparing patients who cardioverted to SR with those who did not, OI post-flecainide was 0.41 ± 0.12 vs 0.29 ± 0.10 (p=0.013) and relative change in OI was 29 ± 33% vs −3.9 ± 27% (p=0.016) respectively. No significant difference was noted in the change in CL and DF in the 2 groups. Logistic regression showed that a greater relative increase in OI (p=0.04), a higher OI post-flecainide (p=0.03) and SR at start of procedure (p=0.03) are independently associated with cardioversion to SR with flecainide. Conclusion: Increase in OI, independent of changes to the CL and DF, appears critical to AF termination with flecainide. The increase in OI may reflect an increase in size and reduction in the number of re-entrant circuits, which together with slowing of atrial activation, result in return to SR.

Comparison of Frontal and Transverse Plane Kinematics Related to Knee Injury in Novice Versus Experienced Female Runners

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harrison ◽  
Adam Sima ◽  
Ronald Zernicke ◽  
Benjamin J. Darter ◽  
Mary Shall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Experienced Female

Novice runners experience a higher incidence of knee injury than experienced runners, which may be related to aberrant frontal and transverse plane kinematics. However, differences in kinematics between novice and experienced runners have not been fully explored. For this study, 10 novice and 10 experienced female runners ran on a treadmill at 2.68 m/s. Ankle, knee, and hip joint angles during the stance phase were measured using a 3-dimensional motion capture system and modeled using cubic splines. Spline models were compared between groups using a generalized linear model (α = .05). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals of the difference between joint angles throughout stance were constructed to identify specific periods of stance where groups differed in joint position. Angle–angle diagrams of ankle and hip position in the frontal and transverse planes were constructed to depict joint coordination. Novice runners displayed less hip adduction, but greater knee abduction and knee internal rotation compared to experienced runners. Differences in knee joint position may be explained by coordination of hip and ankle motion. Greater knee abduction and knee internal rotation displayed by novice runners compared with experienced runners may help to explain their higher risk for injury.

Investigating the Effect of Real-Time Center of Pressure (CoP) Feedback Training on the Swing Phase of Lower Limb Kinematics in Transfemoral Prostheses with SACH foot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
Abhijeet Kujur ◽  
Jyoti Kumar ◽  
Deepak Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Angles

Abstract Transfemoral amputee often encounters reduced toe clearance resulting in trip-related falls. Swing phase joint angles have been shown to influence the toe clearance therefore, training intervention that targets shaping the swing phase joint angles can potentially enhance toe clearance. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of the shift in the location of the center of pressure (CoP) during heel strike on modulation of the swing phase joint angles in able-bodied participants (n=6) and transfemoral amputees (n=3). We first developed a real-time CoP-based visual feedback system such that participants could shift the CoP during treadmill walking. Next, the kinematic data were collected during two different walking sessions- baseline (without feedback) and feedback (shifting the CoP anteriorly/posteriorly at heel strike to match the target CoP location). Primary swing phase joint angle adaptations were observed with feedback such that during the mid-swing phase, posterior CoP shift feedback significantly increases (p&lt;0.05) the average hip and knee flexion angle by 11.55 degrees and 11.86 degrees respectively in amputees, whereas a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in ankle dorsiflexion, hip and knee flexion angle by 3.60 degrees, 3.22 degrees, and 1.27 degrees respectively compared to baseline was observed in able-bodied participants. Moreover, an opposite kinematic adaptation was seen during anterior CoP shift feedback. Overall, results confirm a direct correlation between the CoP shift and the modulation in the swing phase lower limb joint angles.

scholarly journals The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
Q.C Mei ◽  
Y.D Gu ◽  
J.S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

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