scholarly journals Assessment of metallic contamination in sediment and mullet fish (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) tissues from the East Algerian coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naouel Ouali ◽  
Bourhane E. Belabed ◽  
Fadila Zeghdoudi ◽  
Mounira Rachedi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Guideline Values

AbstractThe present work was designed to assess the contamination level in the coastal of Annaba, following the spectrophotometric determination of the level of some metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd) in the sediments along an increasing bathymetric gradient (10 m and 20 m), as well as in the biological indicator grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) muscle. During the winter period (2014), 12 surface sediment samples, and a total of 24 fish were collected. Once the samples are dried, crushed and sieved, 0.5 g dry weight of each sample was added to concentrated acids. The results showed that the levels of some metals are superior to the recommended guideline values, and consequently the sediment of this bay is contaminated by iron, lead and copper. The contamination index (CI) showed a general tendency in the concentration of the studied metals as follows: Fe > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd, since the most studied metals occurred at higher concentration in depth (20 m).However, the average concentrations of metals in fishes were found to be as the following order: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The consumption of fish from some contaminated sites can be dangerous because concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc exceed the international standards. Moreover, the strong positive correlation observed between the metallic elements of sediments and fishes confirm that these metals resulted from the similar sources of the anthropic activities, such as domestic, port, industrial and agricultural waste discharges. This is confirmed by the determined of pollution load index (PLI) parameter. Conclusively, a regular monitoring program of heavy metal is recommended for protecting these organisms, and to reduce the environmental risks.

scholarly journals Central Noradrenergic Neurotransmission and Weight Loss 6 Months After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marvin Soeder ◽  
Julia Luthardt ◽  
Michael Rullmann ◽  
Georg A. Becker ◽  
Mohammed K. Hankir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Reference Tissue ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Post Surgery

Abstract Purpose Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is currently the most efficient treatment to achieve long-term weight loss in individuals with severe obesity. This is largely attributed to marked reductions in food intake mediated in part by changes in gut-brain communication. Here, we investigated for the first time whether weight loss after RYGB is associated with alterations in central noradrenaline (NA) neurotransmission. Materials and Methods We longitudinally studied 10 individuals with severe obesity (8 females; age 43.9 ± 13.1 years; body mass index (BMI) 46.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2) using (S,S)-[11C]O-methylreboxetine and positron emission tomography to estimate NA transporter (NAT) availability before and 6 months after surgery. NAT distribution volume ratios (DVR) were calculated by volume-of-interest analysis and the two-parameter multilinear reference tissue model (reference region: occipital cortex). Results The participants responded to RYGB surgery with a reduction in BMI of 12.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) from baseline. This was paralleled by a significant reduction in DVR in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (pre-surgery 1.12 ± 0.04 vs. post-surgery 1.07 ± 0.04; p = 0.019) and a general tendency towards reduced DVR throughout the brain. Furthermore, we found a strong positive correlation between pre-surgery DVR in hypothalamus and the change in BMI (r = 0.78; p = 0.01). Conclusion Reductions in BMI after RYGB surgery are associated with NAT availability in brain regions responsible for decision-making and homeostasis. However, these results need further validation in larger cohorts, to assess whether brain NAT availability could prognosticate the outcome of RYGB on BMI. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Experiences of Waste Management at Agricultural Enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar County

2006 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Tamás Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

The general tendency of the last few years has been that besides large agricultural Ltd.’s and firms, smaller agricultural enterprises also have to correspond to stricter environmental regulations.This process suits the EU’s environmental and waste management regulations. Recently, manure, liquid manure and addle are registered as non hazardous agricultural waste in waste management in Hungary.In the case of the amount of these wastes is larger than 200 t/year, one has to make an individual waste management plan.Accordingly, several small agricultural enterprises have to make individual waste management plants in Hajdú-Bihar County.This article is based on the results of these companies experiences.

scholarly journals Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaser Ibrahim Jasem ◽  
Qassem H. Jalut ◽  
Salah N. Farhan ◽  
Muataz H. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feeding Area

In this work, a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed for Khirisan river from the period extending from December 2017up to November 2018. The samples were selected from three different sites, agricultural, commercial and residential area to assess the water quality of the river for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study showed that a number of diversity factors were recognized which have a direct effect on the quality of Khirisan river. This includes the catchment feeding area of the river, untreated domestic sewage from the restaurants, cafeterias and government buildings which are adjacent to the river. Water quality of Khirisan river, according to the Iraqi and international standards, satisfies the limits of the rules of the drinking purposes for all studied parameters except the values of calcium ions and total hardness value for some rainy months as well as to organic load. The mean values of BOD5 and COD for the three sites were 7.7 and 36 mg/l. In terms of irrigation purposes, the water quality of the river can be considered low to medium damage in terms of salinity and sodium hazards. In terms of chloride risk, there are no toxicity problems to the roots and leaves of the plants. Therefore, it requires a continual intensive water quality monitoring program to reduce its impact.

scholarly journals Negligible Levels of Mycotoxin Contamination in Durum Wheat and Groundnuts from Non-Intensive Rainfed Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10309
Author(s):  
Paola De Santis ◽  
Dejene K. Mengistu ◽  
Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane ◽  
Rose Nankya ◽  
Barbara De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination

Mycotoxins are chemical contaminants that are invisible, tasteless, chemically stable and survive food processing. Contamination along the agri-food chain is difficult to control since their production and spreading are due to numerous factors including temperature, relative humidity, insect infestation, and susceptibility of the host plant. This is a pilot study which aims at assessing the contamination level of deoxynivalenol (DON), and its plant metabolites (3AcDON, 15 AcDON, DON 3G), nivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and ochratoxin A in thirty-seven traditional varieties of Ethiopian durum wheat, and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in thirty-one varieties of Ugandan groundnuts grown in non-intensive rainfed production systems. Results indicate absence of mycotoxin contamination in all durum wheat samples and negligible levels of contamination (below the maximum levels tolerated by international standards) in groundnut samples. Further studies are required to assess if non-intensive production systems and varieties have a role in preventing and/or reducing mycotoxin contamination of the crops.

A kerosene-like taint in the sea mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). I. Composition and environmental occurence of the tainting substance

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Connell
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Spawning Run

A kerosene-like taint in sea mullet (Mugil cephalus) from south Queensland has been found to be due to a mixture of hydrocarbons closely resembling commercial kerosene in composition. Similar substances were isolated from sediments in certain areas of the Brisbane River and from effluents discharging into one of these areas. Hydrocarbon-containing sediments, consumed with food, were found in the gut of tainted sea mullet captured in the Brisbane River and are believed to cause kerosene-like tainting in the flesh. However, the presence of hydrocarbons in river water indicates the possibility of absorption through the gills. It is suggested that tainted fish from the Brisbane River join untainted fish from other rivers in the winter spawning run northwards. This may explain the capture of tainted fish, together with untainted fish, during the winter period when the commercial mullet fishery is at its maximum intensity.

Cave monitoring at Drenska Peštera (N. Macedonia) – preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Temovski ◽  
Marianna Túri ◽  
Anikó Horváth ◽  
László Palcsu
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Cave Monitoring

&lt;p&gt;Southeast Europe (i.e. Balkan Peninsula) is a climatologically interesting and complex area, located in a transient zone affected by both Mediterranean and continental atmospheric influences. Speleothem paleoclimate records are limited in this region, with only a few such records from the central parts. Furthermore, in the central parts, there are almost no existing data on cave monitoring, as well as on isotopic composition of precipitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For that purpose, a cave monitoring campaign was initiated in October 2018 at Drenska Pe&amp;#353;tera (southern parts of N. Macedonia) that followed a precipitation monitoring program initiated in the area in April 2018. The study site, located at 1150 m a.s.l., is an old fossil cave with a relatively simple morphology, and a total depth of ~40 m. The area has a mountain climate characterized as Dfb (cold with warm summer and no dry season) according to the K&amp;#246;ppen-Geiger climate classification. Vadose speleothems are found throughout the cave, and few broken stalagmites were collected for paleoclimate study purposes. The cave monitoring initially included only monitoring of cave air temperatures, and was expanded in 2019 to include also monitoring of dripwater hydrology and geochemistry. Air temperatures were recorded at an hourly rate at three vertically distributed locations in the cave and at one location outside. Monthly collection of dripwater was initiated at two and later expanded to three dripping sites in the cave.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Preliminary results show that the local annual precipitation is generally in low amount (~400 mm), with maximum in Summer and Spring, and lowest in Winter. &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O values of the precipitation show strong seasonality, with two distinct periods of higher (May-October) and lower (November-April) &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O values, when average monthly temperatures are, respectively, above or below the local mean annual temperature. The local meteoric water line has slope that is close to the global meteoric water line with somewhat higher intercept indicating mixture of North Atlantic and Mediterranean atmospheric influences. Monthly variation of deuterium-excess indicates higher contribution of Mediterranean-sourced moisture in the cold period, likely related to Mediterranean cyclogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cave air temperatures are stable (10.8&amp;#177;0.1 &amp;#176;C), reflecting the mean annual air temperature of the outside station (10.7 &amp;#176;C). Cave dripping is active mostly between December and July, and decreases (or completely stops) between August and November. Mean dripwater &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O values (-11.1 &amp;#8240;) are lower than the weighted-mean value of precipitation (-8.6 &amp;#8240;), indicating bias towards cooler period infiltration. Dripwater &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O values have smaller variation but still reflect the seasonal pattern of the precipitation, albeit with a seasonal shift, as the highest &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O values are found in the winter period. The smallest variation in &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O, dripping rate and temperature is found at the deepest station, reflecting better mixed aquifer, and most stable environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research was funded by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 &amp;#8216;ICER&amp;#8217; project. We would like to thank Dragan Temovski, Biljana Temovska, Stojan Mitreski, as well as Zlatko Angeleski and Darko Nedanoski from SK Zlatovrv, for their assistance with the cave and precipitation monitoring.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Comparison of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentration in spruce needles collected in the area of Gdansk and Gdynia in Northern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paweł Konieczyński ◽  
Jan Moszczyński ◽  
Marek Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Pb Concentration

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to assess the utility of spruce needles as a potential material to be used for monitoring the contamination level of the environment of Tricity agglomeration (represented by Gdansk and Gdynia). This aim was realized by determining the levels of selected essential elements indispensable for the life of living organisms, such as Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, as well as toxic, namely Cd and Pb, in spruce needles collected in the locations in Gdynia and for comparison, in Gdańsk. Due to this, the collected samples of needles were dried, and next digested by microwave technique in order to prepare them for quantitative analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, the same metallic elements were determined in the soil samples collected under the spruces, from which needles were taken for the investigation. The concentrations of the studied elements were found in the range of mg/kg of dry mass in the following order: Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd (needles), and Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd (soils). By application of statistical methods (correlation, variance and principal component analyses), the differences in the elemental composition of spruce needles were identified, as well as sources of this differentiation.

scholarly journals Risks Management for Liquid Waste Disposal Area in the Khartoum Refinery-Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mohieldeen M. A. Ahmed ◽  
Osman M. M. Ali ◽  
Muzmmel M.M. Ibrahim ◽  
Omer M.A. Al Ghabshawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Disposal Area

This study focused on evaluating the procedures of risk management associated with disposal of oil wastewater at Gaili area, Khartoum north, Sudan. Approaches used in this study. Research tools conducted were Interviews, sampling and analysis report interpretation, aerial photographs analysis &amp; topographic modeling analysis for the Gaili area. The study of risk management is conducted for oily wastewater disposal at Gaili area and analyzed current activities of the Khartoum refinery, petrochemical plant, Garri power plant, fuel terminals and the gathered data. The Study found that the selection of the site of the wastewater area was improper, the construction specification of the oily waste water area was not following the international standards and the final disposal of the generated sludge is not following the international environmental conventions. The study found that the wastewater disposal area might have huge probability of impacting the surrounding environment, and severe impacts will be on the groundwater, soil, surrounding water courses and the quality of the air in Gaili area will be affected by oily wastewater disposal. The study recommended establishing an environmental monitoring program for the wastewater activities, and to conduct an environmental site assessment of the area and adopt the remediation plan developed according to the developed data, to construct a new sedimentation lagoon according to international standard and to provide a bioremediation unit to treat the generated sludge.

Emerging techniques in Agricultural Waste Valorization in Bioethanol production

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-379
Author(s):  
Fatma Zohra Ben Cheikh ◽  
Douadi Ali ◽  
Walid Boussebaa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Biomass Sugars

Bioethanol is the only liquid fuel for gasoline engines that is renewable and immediately available since it is produced from vegetable raw material, also called biomass. Hence the name bioethanol refers originally to living plant, not to fossil fuel. It is produced by the transformation of biomass sugars by yeast which is responsible for the fermentation of production alcohol. The objective sought through this study is valuation of biomass that is possibly made for any product with low market value obtaining bioethanol which constitutes a product of high added value, for example the bio valuation of dates of poor quality called " Degla Bayda ". Physicochemical analyzes were carried out from the dates mill and during its alcoholic fermentation. Identification and purity verification analyze were undertaken for bioethanol. The results obtained show that fermentation conditions obtained that gave the optimum bioethanol yield was chosen of 36.25% at temperature 32°C, pH 5.0, yeast ratio 1g and fermentation time of 48 hours and the quality of our product is conformed with international standards.

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