scholarly journals Genesis and Evolution of Military Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ion Mituleţu ◽  
Marian Hogea

Abstract It cannot be a strategy without technical determinations. Technique is the most dynamic element of the action. In general, the technical component answers a sharp question: with what? The ancient warrior used the spear, the bow and arrow, the sword and the shield. These means allowed nothing but close combat and, eventually, hitting the enemy from a distance with an arrow or a spear. The historical evolution of peoples was obviously based on the art of political-military leadership. In the distant past, there was no theoretical system of general notions, principles and laws of this art, although, intuitively, great army commanders, some of them true geniuses of war politics, masterfully applied it.

This book is the real story of how George W. Bush came to double-down on Iraq in the highest stakes gamble of his entire presidency. It offers an unprecedented look into the process by which Bush overruled much of the military leadership and many of his trusted advisors to authorize the deployment of roughly 30,000 additional troops to the warzone in a bid to save Iraq from collapse in 2007. The adoption of a new counterinsurgency strategy and surge of new troops into Iraq altered the American posture in the Middle East for a decade to come. The book provides access to the deliberations among the decision-makers on Bush's national security team as they embarked on that course. In their own words, George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Stephen Hadley, Condoleezza Rice, Joshua Bolten, Robert Gates, and others, recount the debates and disputes that informed the process as Bush weighed the historical lessons of Vietnam against the perceived strategic imperatives in the Middle East. For a president who had earlier vowed never to dictate military strategy to generals, the deliberations in the Oval Office and Situation Room in 2006 constituted a trying and fateful moment. Bush risked losing public esteem and courted political ruin by refusing to disengage from the costly war in Iraq. The book is a portrait of leadership in the Bush White House. The personal perspectives are complemented by critical assessments. Taken together, they are a first draft of the history of the surge and new chapter in the history of the American presidency.


Significance These will be the third polls under President Abdelmadjid Tebboune. As for the two previous votes -- the November 2020 constitutional referendum and the June 2021 legislative election -- participation in the local elections is likely to be poor. Such low voter turnout is progressively eroding the government’s legitimacy. Impacts The military leadership may blame Tebboune for overseeing three failed elections and could further marginalise him from decision-making. Tebboune will remain president, but he and his cabinet may increasingly be managed by the Ministry of Defence. Khaled Nezzar, the architect of the 1991 coup, has been rehabilitated, which appears to be influencing military strategy.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bowman ◽  
Eric Bowman ◽  
Jordan B. Peterson ◽  
Daniel M. Higgins ◽  
Robert O. Pihl

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohad ‘Ali

This paper argues that, although the shared and universal ideology of the Islamic revival movements was adopted by the Islamic movement in Israel, the movement has been trying to embody it in diverse and distinctive ways. In principle there is a conflict between commitment to the principle of Islamic revivalism on the one hand, and being so committed in the specific context of the ethnic Jewish state, on the other. The Jewish context of the State of Israel continues to bedevil the development of the Islamic movement in Israel. Since the 1930s, Islamic revivalism in Palestine has undergone five phases of development: the Egyptian, Israeli, Palestinian, and the two phases of ‘adaptation’ and ‘post-adaptation’. These phases reflect ideological developments, rather than simply a historical evolution. They are also the outcome of three sets of constraints: structural, ideological and domestic.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
DR.L.P RAJU DR.L.P RAJU ◽  

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek

The denial of the existence of contradiction is at the root of all idealism in epistemology and the cause for alienations.  This alienation has become a hindrance for the understanding of the nature and the historical evolution mathematics itself and its role as an instrument in the enquiry of the physical universe (1). A dialectical materialist approach incorporating  the role of the contradiction of the unity of the opposites, chance and necessity etc., can provide a proper understanding of the historical evolution of mathematics and  may ameliorate  the negative effect of the alienation in modern theoretical physics and cosmology. The dialectical view also offers a more plausible materialist interpretation of the bewildering wave-particle duality in quantum dynamics (2).


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