scholarly journals Daguerrotype – the first ever practically used photographic technique Daguerrotype – the first ever practically used photographic technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
J. Švadlena
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Production Process ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Silver Halides ◽  
Photographic Technique ◽  
Photosensitive Layer ◽  
Conservation Interventions

Abstract The study summarises the basic information on daguerreotype, the first ever practically used photographic process, which was used mainly in the period 1840 - 1860. Daguerrotype takes advantage of a photosensitive layer of silver halides on a silver layer to capture an image, it uses a reaction of silver with mercury vapours to develop the image. The production process via daguerreotype as described hasn’t changed since its deployment and stabilisation in the middle of 19th century. The properties of a daguerreotype image are given by its soft microstructure, which could have only been described after introduction of the electron microscopy. The susceptibility of daguerrotypes to damage and degradations stems not only from their low mechanical resistance but also from unsuitable conservation interventions and archiving conditions.

Virtual Designing of Robotic Workstations

2016 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Łukasz Sobaszek ◽  
Arkadiusz Gola ◽  
Jozef Varga
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

The number of companies that decide to employ industrial robots to facilitate their production process is on the constant increase. Implementation of such solutions requires deep analysis of manifold aspects of such an endeavour. Apart from the economical face of the problem, there appear issues connected with integration of robots with the existing manufacturing infrastructure. Hence software enabling simulation and analysis of a robot work in the future environment is in demand. The following article is devoted to the problem of virtual designing of robotic workstations. The work presents basic information regarding application of robots in manufacturing companies and introduces typical software for simulation and programming of industrial robots. What is more, the process of designing a virtual environment and conducting analysis of robot work analysis is presented based on the laboratory set-up with Kawasaki RS003N robot. Finally, other examples of virtually designed robotic workstations are introduced.

Effect of Postoperative Peroxide Bleaching on the Marginal Seal of Composite Restorations Bonded With Self-etch Adhesives

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Roubickova ◽  
M Dudek ◽  
L Comba ◽  
D Housova ◽  
P Bradna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peroxide bleaching on the marginal seal of composite restorations bonded with several adhesive systems. Combined cylindrical Class V cavities located half in enamel and half in dentin were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars. The cavities were bonded with the self-etch adhesives Clearfil SE-Bond (CLF), Adper Prompt (ADP), and iBond (IBO) and an etch-and-rinse adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (GLU) and restored with a microhybrid composite Charisma. Experimental groups were treated 25 times for eight hours per day with a peroxide bleaching gel Opalescence PF 20, while the control groups were stored in distilled water for two months and then subjected to a microleakage test using a dye penetration method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the etching and penetration abilities of the adhesives and morphology of debonded restoration-enamel interfaces after the microleakage tests. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests at p=0.05. The microleakage of all GLU groups was low and not significantly affected by peroxide bleaching. Low microleakage was recorded for CLF control groups, but after bleaching, a small but significant increase in microleakage at the enamel margin indicated its sensitivity to peroxide bleaching. For ADP and IBO control groups, the microleakage at the enamel margins was significantly higher than for GLU and CLF and exceeded that at the dentin margins. Bleaching did not induce any significant changes in the microleakage. Electron microscopy analysis indicated that in our experimental setup, decreased adhesion and mechanical resistance of the ADP- and IBO-enamel interfaces could be more important than the chemical degradation effects induced by the peroxide bleaching gel.

scholarly journals The nature of the industrial enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-48
Author(s):  
Dariusz Nowak ◽  
Iskra Panteleeva
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturer ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Equipment Manufacturer ◽  
Production Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consumer Marketing

This chapter presents basic information about the nature and essence of the enterprise. The first subchapter shows both the well-known and less popular definitions of an enterprise and an industrial enterprise. They have been shown through the prism of various approaches, including definitions from various countries. The second part discusses the features of an industrial enterprise, with particular emphasis on: organizational separateness, economic separateness, legal separateness (legal personality), territorial separateness and technical and production separateness. The next part focuses on the goals and tasks of an industrial enterprise, with particular emphasis on the way they are formulated. Both strategic, tactical and operational goals were discussed. The subject of the considerations in the fourth part were the functions of an industrial enterprise, including a detailed description of the production, technical, organizational and personnel functions. The division of enterprises according to various criteria is presented in the next section. It focuses on such criteria as business profile, the size of the enterprise, form of ownership, production type, type of production process and market legal form. The last part discusses the market on which an industrial enterprise operates. Its features were presented, as well as the type of industrial products, types of customers and differences between industrial and consumer marketing. Particular attention was also paid to OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul).

scholarly journals Inventory and Protection of Photographs from the Julij Felaher Collection

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Lucija Planinc ◽  
Marija Grabnar ◽  
Jedert Vodopivec Tomažič
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Photographic Technique ◽  
Permanent Storage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Primary Support

Photographs bear visual memories of events, people, buildings and landscapes. The sensitivity of the materials used makes them a vulnerable part of cultural heritage, therefore their appropriate use and storage is ever more important. The work presented is based on an inventory of photographs from the Julij Felaher Collection (SI AS 1384) kept by the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia. In addition to basic information, the inventory sheet used also included reference to the type of photographic technique, the type of primary support, the type of damage, and an assessment of the preservation status. Based on the data obtained, physical protection of the photographs was carried out in order to enable their permanent storage.

Botrys neboli esej o záludnostech historikovy práce (rozprava o metodě)

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Libor Vykoupil
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The Way

The elder and more experienced certainly know or at least have a vague idea that there used to be a Greek brandy named Botrys containing 40 % of alcohol. Its name was probably derived from the name of Botrytis cinerea (botrytis bunch rot, more commonly). The Greek term is Βότρυς and its transcription into Latin alphabet is Votrus or Votris. However, if a scholar attempts to verify in such an elementary finding, they can get entangled in very complex and tricky historical facts. After weeks of hard work it turned out that it is probably easier to write a chapter on the history of Greek economy of the second half of 19th century than a few lines on a distillery producing a brandy called Botrys. And so this contribution somehow by the way describes a solution to the „raisin problem“ in order to conclude with some basic information on the label Botrys. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., ≡ Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Kretschmann ◽  
Malte Elbrächter ◽  
Carmen Zinssmeister ◽  
Sylvia Soehner ◽  
MONIKA KIRSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scrippsiella Trochoidea ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Peridinium acuminatum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) was described in the first half of the 19th century, but the name has been rarely adopted since then. It was used as type of Goniodoma, Heteraulacus and Yesevius, providing various sources of nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. Particularly, several early authors emphasised that the organisms investigated by C.G. Ehrenberg and S.F.N.R. von Stein were not conspecific, but did not perform the necessary taxonomic conclusions. The holotype of P. acuminatum is an illustration dating back to 1834, which makes the determination of the species ambiguous. We collected, isolated, and cultivated Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (strain GeoB 427) from the type locality off Kiel, Germany (Baltic Sea). We barcoded the species of the Thoracosphaeraceae using rRNA sequences and investigated the morphology of the strain using light and electron microscopy. As taxonomic result, we designate an epitype for Peridinium acuminatum, as no conflict with C.G. Ehrenberg’s protologue can be stated. It is indistinguishable from Scrippsiella trochoidea (likewise described from the Kiel Fjord) that we consider a later heterotypic synonym. Our study contributes to the disentanglement of dinophyte taxonomy in a very challenging case, and we trust that C.G. Ehrenberg and S.F.N.R. von Stein investigated different species under the epithet ‘acuminatum’. The complex nomenclature and taxonomy of Goniodoma, and its type species Goniodoma acuminatum, is discussed in the Electronic Supplement. We consider Pyrrhotriadinium, with the type species Pyrrhotriadinium polyedricum (Gonyaulacales), well suited to harbour all gonyaulacalean taxa so far assigned to Goniodoma and Heteraulacus as well.

Comparative Corrosion Study on Silver Coated Metallic Implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Furko ◽  
M. Lakatos-Varsányi ◽  
Csaba Balázsi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Silver Layer ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Cocrmo Alloy ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanostructured silver layer was deposited by pulse current technique onto three different implant materials-TiAl6V4, CoCrMo alloy and stainless steel–that are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings in isotonic salt solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements over a period of several weeks. The corrosion properties of silver coated different implant materials were compared. Degradation of silver coatings have been traced and confirmed by different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements.

Is Ni a Good Substitue for Co in PM Diamond Cutting Tools?

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C.P. Oliveira ◽  
Stenio Cavalier Cabral ◽  
R.S. Guimarães ◽  
Marcello Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Diamond Cutting Tools ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work have like object to research the metallic matrix, Ni-Sn and Co-Sn, and subsequent to add up to diamond for analyses the possibility the to replace the Co with Ni in the metallic matrix for to act like binder for subsequent use in cutting tools. The metallic powders and the composites were mixed and then hot pressed and processed at 35MPa/800°C/3 min. In these sintered samples, it was made hardness HRB, wear resistance test and scanning electron microscopy for to identify which one matrix owns better mechanical resistance and diamond adherence required for diamond cutting tools.

scholarly journals Translational Research for Orthopedic Bone Graft Development

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4130
Author(s):  
Maria J. C. Vilela ◽  
Bruno J. A. Colaço ◽  
José Ventura ◽  
Fernando J. M. Monteiro ◽  
Christiane L. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Biological Studies

Designing biomaterials for bone-substitute applications is still a challenge regarding the natural complex structure of hard tissues. Aiming at bone regeneration applications, scaffolds based on natural collagen and synthetic nanohydroxyapatite were developed, and they showed adequate mechanical and biological properties. The objective of this work was to perform and evaluate a scaled-up production process of this porous biocomposite scaffold, which promotes bone regeneration and works as a barrier for both fibrosis and the proliferation of scar tissue. The material was produced using a prototype bioreactor at an industrial scale, instead of laboratory production at the bench, in order to produce an appropriate medical device for the orthopedic market. Prototypes were produced in porous membranes that were e-beam irradiated (the sterilization process) and then analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), cytotoxicity tests with mice fibroblasts (L929), human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human MSC osteogenic differentiation (HBMSC) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qPCR for osteogenic gene expression. The prototypes were also implanted into critical-size bone defects (rabbits’ tibia) for 5 and 15 weeks, and after that were analysed by microCT and histology. The tests performed for the physical characterization of the materials showed the ability of the scaffolds to absorb and retain water-based solvents, as well as adequate mechanical resistance and viscoelastic properties. The cryogels had a heteroporous morphology with microporosity and macroporosity, which are essential conditions for the interaction between the cells and materials, and which consequently promote bone regeneration. Regarding the biological studies, all of the studied cryogels were non-cytotoxic by direct or indirect contact with cells. In fact, the scaffolds promoted the proliferation of the human MSCs, as well as the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype (osteogenic differentiation). The in vivo results showed bone tissue ingrowth and the materials’ degradation, filling the critical bone defect after 15 weeks. Before and after irradiation, the studied scaffolds showed similar properties when compared to the results published in the literature. In conclusion, the material production process upscaling was optimized and the obtained prototypes showed reproducible properties relative to the bench development, and should be able to be commercialized. Therefore, it was a successful effort to harness knowledge from the basic sciences to produce a new biomedical device and enhance human health and wellbeing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document