scholarly journals Homo ex machina. Artificial Intelligence in a Brave New World—A Glimpse from Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Aneta Wiewiórowska-Domagalska
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Access To Data

Abstract There is no area of human activity that would function today without the involvement of AI technologies. AI, a driving force of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, penetrates modern human life with ever-increasing intensity. As it is claimed, it brings about decision-making efficiency and performance accuracy that has never existed before. At the same time, artificial intelligence creates far-reaching dangers to almost every aspect of the modern world. From the legal point of view, the most eminent ones include: the bias stemming from the inherited historical data that AI tends to repeat and multiply, the problem of the lack of transparency (the “black-box society”) that makes it impossible for a human being to understand how AI arrived at a decision, and the elimination of the human being from the decision-making process, which rises the issue of appropriateness and legitimacy. AI can only be developed when sufficient amount of data is available, and hence the article elaborates on the fundamental role that data plays for the modern world, and how transnational corporations set global rules in relation to collection and access to data in a process that lacks democratic accountability and questions the position of states. The article ends with presenting the UE attempts to address the issues that arise in relation to the unrestricted access to data, invasion of privacy and threats posed by artificial intelligence. It also elaborates on the prominent position that the artificial intelligence holds on the EU political agenda and presents political and legislative actions undertaken by the European Union in this regard.

scholarly journals New EU Initiatives against Terrorism

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Olga Potemkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the EU’s response to a series of terrorist attacks in European cities in the autumn of 2020, after which the topic of terrorism once again came to the fore on the EU political agenda. The author analyses the new Counter-Terrorism Action Plan and the Regulation on the removal of terrorist content from the Internet adopted after a protracted inter-institutional dialogue between the EU Council and the European Parliament. The article also looks at the problem of expanding the mandate of the Europol agency in the field of big data analysis, while the author emphasises that member states still doubt the need to grant the agency access to data encryption. The author comes to the conclusion that the European Union quite adequately fulfills the tasks outlined in the documents to respond to terrorist attacks, but has not been very successful in preventing them. It is noted that in the plans of international anti-terrorist cooperation, the European Union, as before, does not include Russia, which can not but reduce the effect of global and regional confrontation with new security challenges.

scholarly journals FILANTROPI ISLAM DALAM KONTEKS PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sulkifli Sulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Capital Development

Throughout the history of the pre-independence and post-independence Indonesia. The role of Islamic philanthropy has made essential contributions in the welfare and empowerment of the public. Not in doubt that the naked eye can see social and economic inequalities at the moment, nothing else due to swift currents of globalization and the development of the modern world that is unstoppable. This is reflected in the firm stance that is not altruistic individualism around. Islamic philanthropy comes with a carrying value of an underlying morality of the humanist spirit (human), that the human being with another human being the same, so it is vital to eliminate all forms of discrimination, mainly to maintain the sustainability of human life on this earth. Social capital development in the era of globalization (globalization) is in need, given the free world economy (free market) is unbelievably intense competition and cruel. One of the foundations of social capital (human capital) is in addition to the knowledge and skills is the ability of people to make associations (associated) with each other. Programs of BAZNAS with the distribution of zakat to the education sector is large enough, then the system development offered by the National Zakat Agency by allocating funds for charity, which reached 20.35 percent, or about 500 billion in the education sector, the other not only to achieve sustainable development which manifests itself with a system of human resource development through the provision of education funds to mustahik, either directly in the form of scholarships, research, support the renovation of schools, or the establishment of schools in the direct management BAZNAS. Modernization and globalization are progressing very significant, if not in conjunction with increased knowledge and the quality of education for the community itself, then a structured poverty will remain rampant.

scholarly journals European Ai-Policy Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
R. S. Vykhodets
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
White Paper ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technological Competition ◽  
The Eu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the central technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. A significant part of the production of surplus value in the XXI century is associated with the mastery and widespread introduction of technologies, which contributes to the consolidation of technological competition as an object of state policy and an important component of international relations. The European Union today occupies a leading position in the field of technology development and Since 2018 the EU is in the process of forming a unified strategy in the field of AI, the directions, principles and approaches of which are the main subject of this article.The study is primarily based on the analysis of official documents included in the EU Strategy on AI: White Paper, Coordination Plan, Proposal for a Regulation establishing harmonized rules for artificial intelligence in the EU, documents of the expert groups of the European Commission, etc. The analysis of the EU policy to promote its own vision and approaches at the international level is based on theoretical models of the concept of “soft power” and the neo-institutional approach.Against the backdrop of fierce global technological competition, the EU was one of the first in the world to form a holistic strategy for the development of AI technologies. This makes it possible not only to strengthen its own position as a world leader in the field of innovative technologies, but also to significantly expand the intra-European and international integration agenda, as well as to supplement the European arsenal of soft power with tools to promote its own norms, standards and ethical principles of AI development at the global level.The key directions of the EU AI Policy are identified and disclosed. These include investments in technologies, creating conditions for their development, promoting development and implementation, creating an educational and regulatory environment, promoting the European vision of AI technology development at the international level. The authors considered key mechanisms of political regulation at the EU level, forms of interaction between stakeholders, approaches to promoting common principles in the field of ethics and security of AI technologies within the EU and at the international level.

IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swikriti Sheela Nath
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Industrie 4.0 ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Healthcare It

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, finally, will change not only what we do but also who we are. It will affect our identity and all the issues associated with it: our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to work and leisure, and how we developour careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture relationships. The technological revolution in the modern developing environment in which innovative technologies and trends such as the virtual reality (VR), Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics are fundamentally altering the way of living, working and relationships to one another, is known as Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 or Industrie 4.0. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is reshaping every sphere of human life — from government to commerce; from education to healthcare. It is even impacting humanvalues, opportunities, relationships and identities by modifying virtual as well as physical worlds of human beings.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for political decision-making in the European Union: Effects on citizens’ perceptions of input, throughput, and output legitimacy

Data & Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Starke ◽  
Marco Lünich
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Output Legitimacy

Abstract A lack of political legitimacy undermines the ability of the European Union (EU) to resolve major crises and threatens the stability of the system as a whole. By integrating digital data into political processes, the EU seeks to base decision-making increasingly on sound empirical evidence. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to increase political legitimacy by identifying pressing societal issues, forecasting potential policy outcomes, and evaluating policy effectiveness. This paper investigates how citizens’ perceptions of EU input, throughput, and output legitimacy are influenced by three distinct decision-making arrangements: (a) independent human decision-making by EU politicians; (b) independent algorithmic decision-making (ADM) by AI-based systems; and (c) hybrid decision-making (HyDM) by EU politicians and AI-based systems together. The results of a preregistered online experiment (n = 572) suggest that existing EU decision-making arrangements are still perceived as the most participatory and accessible for citizens (input legitimacy). However, regarding the decision-making process itself (throughput legitimacy) and its policy outcomes (output legitimacy), no difference was observed between the status quo and HyDM. Respondents tend to perceive ADM systems as the sole decision-maker to be illegitimate. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for (a) EU legitimacy and (b) data-driven policy-making and outlines (c) avenues for future research.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN CULTURE ON THE DEGRADATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(53)) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Natalya Alexandrovna Popkova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Industrial Societies

The development of industrial societies, not only led to an increase in living standards, but also had a negative impact on the biosphere of the planet. The quality of the environment has an impact on all spheres of human life in the modern world and is a constant subject of scientific research. Despite a significant number of scientific publications devoted to global problems of humanity, the issues of the influence of culture on the formation of attitudes to the environment, within the framework of the modern human life world, require rethinking. The article considers the features and problem field of the processes of degradation of the biological environment in the conditions of the modern level of human culture.

scholarly journals Por una bioética sin adjetivos. La bioética en el contexto de la crisis moderno-ilustrada

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guerra López
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Complex Material ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference

Muchos, en el debate contemporáneo, pretenden mostrar que la bioética requiere de una especial sensibilidad a los progresos teóricos y sociales del mundo moderno. Si la bioética no asume como propios los «logros» del «progreso» sino que recae en formas de justificación «superadas» estará mal formulada. A continuación examinaremos precisamente en qué consiste la modernidad ilustrada para luego mostrar que, ante su crisis, sería oportuno intentar pensar la Bioética desde parámetros que no recaigan en su problemática intrínseca sino que logren ofrecer una alternativa real en materia de fundamentación y perspectivas para esta nueva ciencia. Desde el punto de vista muchas cuestiones filosóficas y morales aparecen en este tipo de postura. Sin embargo, son tres aspectos los que me parecen más centrales a esclarecer: 1. la naturaleza del consenso; 2. la posibilidad de una moral objetiva; 3. el fundamento personalista de la vida moral. Más aún, tenemos la impresión que la bioética si se asume como ciencia rigurosa de carácter práctico normativo, no requiere de adjetivos diferenciadores sino que precisamente parte del reto que posee en la actualidad es mostrar su vigor racional y práctico a través de cinco rasgos de explícito cariz personalista pero que han de ser manifestados permanentemente no como un compromiso de escuela sino como un compromiso con la verdad sobre el hombre: 1. la bioética debe construir su normatividad a partir del imperativo que encuentra al reconocer a la persona como una realidad afirmable por sí misma; 2. la bioética ha de distinguir con claridad la diferencia existente entre cosas y personas; 3. la bioética distingue la irreductibilidad de la vida humana a otras formas de vida y a sistemas materiales complejos; 4. la bioética debe reconocer al ser humano como sujeto comunional; 5. la bioética implica un compromiso existencial y práctico a favor de todas las personas, en especial, de los más débiles. ---------- In the contemporary debate, many authors seek to show that the bioethics requires a special sensibility to the theoretical and social progresses of the modern world. If the bioethics doesn't assume the achievements of the "progress" but rather it relapses in outdated justifications it will be not well formulated. The paper deals with what modernity consists and to show, before its crisis, the opportunity to thinking Bioethics from parameters that they are able to offer a real alternative regarding the foundation and the perspectives for this discipline. The author thinks that three aspects are crucial to clarify: 1. the nature of the consent; 2. the possibility of an objective morals; 3. the person-centred foundation of the moral life. Moreover, if bioethics is assumed as rigorous and normative practical science, it doesn't require differentiating adjectives but five features of explicit person-centred look: 1. bioethics should build its normativeness starting from the imperative to recognizing the person like a reality per se; 2. bioethics must distinguish with clarity the difference between things and persons; 3. bioethics distinguishes the irreducibility of the human life to other forms of life and to complex material systems; 4. bioethics should recognize the human being like in-communion subject; 5. bioethics implies an existential and practical commitment in favour of all the persons, especially of the weakest ones.

scholarly journals Role of Artificial Intelligence in Social Media and Human Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Smitarani Satpathy ◽  
◽  
Dr. Srikanta Patnaik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
Smart Technologies

The paper contains the simple idea of Artificial Intelligence on social media and human behaviour. The major concern of this paper is to show the changing behaviour of human being and Artificial Intelligence usefulness in human life as well as social media. Social media popularity came into high during the last decade due to smart technologies used in mobile and internet. In last 10 years research on AI shows its impact on human life as well as in media marketing.

scholarly journals Digital Urban Regeneration and Its Impact on Urban Renewal Processes and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Dalit Shach-Pinsly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
New Development ◽  
New Buildings

Urban renewal is one of the main motivations of city regeneration. Urban renewal strategies mainly relate to demolishing old buildings and redeveloping new buildings instead, improving buildings and deteriorated areas, infilling new buildings within existing urban fabric, integrating new communities into old and rolling-down areas, and so on. In parallel to this situation, the modern world is in the wake of the 4th Industrial Revolution, which is characterized by a merger of physical and digital spaces and is consequently affecting cities and their quality of life. Therefore, urban regeneration must take into consideration these digital innovations and harness the emerging technological changes into new development of urban renewal processes and decision-making approaches. This editorial introduces the topic of digital urban regeneration, by discussing possible methodologies and decision-making approaches and presents the thematic issue on “embedding digital technologies into urban renewal processes and development.”

scholarly journals Digitalization of Industry and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03050
Author(s):  
Mariya Ostapenko ◽  
Vladlena Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industry And Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plm System

The fourth industrial revolution, associated with the introduction of robotics, cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, neural networks, affects all spheres of human life. There is a need for specialists with the appropriate skills. The article discusses the elements of Industry 4.0: Internet of Things, robotization, PLM system. The impact of digitalization on the educational sector is also considered.

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