scholarly journals Assessing the Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Traffic Services in a Selected Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Martin Kendra ◽  
Tomáš Čechovič ◽  
Filip Majerník ◽  
Jan Pečman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Real Traffic

Abstract The consumption of internal combustion vehicles and the resulting emissions associated with their operation have been at the forefront in the development of the automotive industry in recent years. This development is supported and required by a number of public administration organizations. This research deals with the monitoring of selected parameters for different types of means of transport, while the unifying element is consumption and emissions per passenger. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal vehicle for passenger transport for selected transport between two specific cities in Slovakia, Europe. The research used methods of analysis of energy intensity and emissions of individual transport units, while fuel consumption in a particular transport relationship is a decisive evaluation factor, which includes the calculation of experimental measurements in a real traffic situation. The various data and diagrams provide relevant data on the fuel consumption values achieved by the experiment converted to fuel consumption. The research is given as an example, and its principle can be applied in other specific localities. it can be applied to others, they may also apply to other transport routes.

Analysis of temperature and altitude effects on the Global Energy Balance during WLTC

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110342
Author(s):  
Francisco Payri ◽  
Jaime Martín ◽  
Francisco José Arnau ◽  
Sushma Artham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Global Energy Balance ◽  
L Compression

In this work, the Global Energy Balance (GEB) of a 1.6 L compression ignition engine is analyzed during WLTC using a combination of experimental measurements and simulations, by means of a Virtual Engine. The energy split considers all the relevant energy terms at two starting temperatures (20°C and 7°C) and two altitudes (0 and 1000 m). It is shown that reducing ambient temperature from 20°C to −7°C decreases brake efficiency by 1% and increases fuel consumption by 4%, mainly because of the higher friction due to the higher oil viscosity, while the effect of increasing altitude 1000 m decreases brake efficiency by 0.8% and increases fuel consumption by 2.5% in the WLTC mainly due to the change in pumping. In addition, GEB shows that ambient temperature is affecting exhaust enthalpy by 4.5%, heat rejection to coolant by 2%, and heat accumulated in the block by 2.5%, while altitude does not show any remarkable variations other than pumping and break power.

Motion estimation in vehicular environments based on Bayesian dynamic networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauro Reyes-Cocoletzi ◽  
Ivan Olmos-Pineda ◽  
J. Arturo Olvera-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Prediction Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Multiple Obstacles ◽  
Real Traffic

The cornerstone to achieve the development of autonomous ground driving with the lowest possible risk of collision in real traffic environments is the movement estimation obstacle. Predicting trajectories of multiple obstacles in dynamic traffic scenarios is a major challenge, especially when different types of obstacles such as vehicles and pedestrians are involved. According to the issues mentioned, in this work a novel method based on Bayesian dynamic networks is proposed to infer the paths of interest objects (IO). Environmental information is obtained through stereo video, the direction vectors of multiple obstacles are computed and the trajectories with the highest probability of occurrence and the possibility of collision are highlighted. The proposed approach was evaluated using test environments considering different road layouts and multiple obstacles in real-world traffic scenarios. A comparison of the results obtained against the ground truth of the paths taken by each detected IO is performed. According to experimental results, the proposed method obtains a prediction rate of 75% for the change of direction taking into consideration the risk of collision. The importance of the proposal is that it does not obviate the risk of collision in contrast with related work.

Mafia infiltration, public administration and local institutions: A comparative study in Northern Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselle Dagnes ◽  
Davide Donatiello ◽  
Valentina Moiso ◽  
Davide Pellegrino ◽  
Rocco Sciarrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Different Types

Nuanced explanations of the factors underpinning the mafia’s movements across territories have recently been proposed. However, more light must be shed on the mechanisms through which mafiosi try to infiltrate the legal economy in non-traditional territories. Accordingly, this study aims to micro-found interactions and exchanges that mainly involve mafiosi, politicians and economic actors in expansion areas. Focusing on the local level, we will show how the misuse of several administrative tools generates a profitable opportunity structure for mafiosi. To this end, we present an in-depth comparative case study of three events involving the construction industry that took place in Northern Italy. The main findings show that: (i) mafiosi are skilled at smoothing social relations, enlarging and consolidating opaque networks predating their arrival; (ii) they give rise to different types of mutual exchanges and network structures.

scholarly journals On Understanding the Administrative Law Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Olga N. Ordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

In the administrative and legal science there is a refinement, change and expansion of the subject of the dynamic branch of administrative law, aimed at eliminating the resulting lag of legal theory from the legal reality. In our view, of the three basic categories that characterize the subject of administrative law, “public administration”, “executive power” and “administrativepublic activity”, the main generalization category is the category “administrative and public activities”. The phenomenon of the subject of administrative law refracts the problems and discussions inherent in the industry as a whole. In view of the existence of different points of view on the subject of administrative law, the legal science has not yet formulated a single definition of it. There is a tendency to overcome the conflict between different types of understanding, to bring together the positions of different concepts of understanding of administrative law in order to form a “universal” concept of it, to develop its common concept.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of public administration electronic services

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Jozef Andraško
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

The author deals with the issue of public administration electronic services from the theoretical perspective. In particular, author is analysing all elements of the term in question. Furthermore, the author focuses on different types of categorization of public administration electronic services. Moreover, author is dealing with the definition of the term in question from the perspective of Slovak legal order.

scholarly journals Analysis of Related Technologies Used in Fuel Cell Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Ziyi Du ◽  
Hongxu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Nowadays, many types of fuel cells have made significant progress. In 2014, they were applied to the production model Toyota’s FCHV-Adv. With their high efficiency and low pollution, fuel cells have gradually started to replace some traditional technologies in many energy applications and production industries and have become a hot topic of interest in recent years. Depending on the type of fuel, there are various types, and different fuel cells work on different principles, leading to differences in their performance. This paper lists the different fuel cells and their application scenarios in the automotive industry. In addition, the use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is also a major concern. This paper briefly discusses the current hydrogen production and four different types of fuel cell vehicles and their energy management strategies. All the technical advantages of fuel cells and hydrogen energy are ultimately reflected in fuel cell vehicles, and this paper describes the current challenges and future possibilities.

Multichannel Modality in Displaying Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Benetti ◽  
Gianluca Mazzini
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One

Computer science and telecommunications are increasingly important in society and this leads also public administrations to take advantage of ICT, in order to communicate with citizens in a more rapid and simpler way than the complex and paper-based bureaucracy of the past. While on the one hand the use of these technologies responds to the duty of any public institution to involve the largest number of addressees, on the other hand, society must also consider the limitations of these technologies. Firstly not everybody is so familiar in their use. Moreover, the digital administration thus becomes virtual, accessible only through technological devices and not present in a physical location, and is therefore essential to ensure full coverage of the territory, which is currently not always possible. The main novelty of this paper is the implementation of an automated system capable of adapting different types of government services to multiple communication media. The joint exploitation of multiple technologies allows to use the strengths of one of them when are found the limits of another, making this multichannel modality the solution to the requirement of ICT in public administration.

Capturing driving behavior Heterogeneity based on trajectory data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050023
Author(s):  
Dong-Fan Xie ◽  
Tai-Lang Zhu ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Time Headway ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
Measure Index ◽  
Real Traffic

Driving behavior is heterogeneous for various drivers due to the different influencing factors as reaction time, gender, driving years and so on. Some existing works tried to reproduce some of the complex characteristics of real traffic flow by taking into account the heterogeneous driving behavior, and the drivers are generally divided into two classes (including aggressive drivers and careful drivers) or three classes (including aggressive drivers, normal drivers and careful drivers). Nevertheless, the classification approaches have not been verified, and the rationality of the classifications has not been confirmed as well. In this study, the trajectory data of drivers is extracted from the NGSIM datasets. By combining the K-Means method and Silhouette measure index, the drivers are classified into four clusters (named as clusters A, B, C and D, respectively) in accordance with the acceleration and time headway. The two-dimensional approach is applied to analyze the characteristics of different clusters. Here, one dimension consists of “Cautious” and “Aggressive” behaviors in terms of velocity and acceleration, and the other dimension consists of “Sensitive” and “Insensitive” behaviors in terms of reaction time. Finally, the fuel consumption and emissions for different clusters are calculated by using the VT-Micro model. A surprising result indicates that overly “cautious” and “sensitive” behaviors may result in more fuel consumption and emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to find the balance between the driving characteristics.

scholarly journals Floral Consumption Values for Consumer Groups with Different Purchase Choices for Flowers

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Huang ◽  
Tzu-Fang Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Communication ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Consumption values are theoretically believed to be the antecedents of the outcomes of consumer purchase choice. In the floral market, even though the context of floral consumption values has been explored, the relationship between floral consumption values and consumer's purchase choice regarding floral products remains unknown. This study, however, seeks to address this deficiency by attempting to evaluate the differences in floral consumption values across consumer groups that have different purchase choices for floral products. After collecting data from a consumer survey, which yielded 615 valid questionnaires, the statistical results indicated that consumers who revealed different purchase choices in regard to flowers had different floral consumption values. In descending order, showing care to others, emotion conditioning, and sensory hedonics were the floral consumption values most strongly recognized by the majority of the consumers. However, heavy users of flowers revealed different characteristics in that they more strongly recognized the psychological value of emotion conditioning rather than the social value of showing care to others. The main difference across consumer groups that had purchased flowers with different frequencies or that preferred to buy different types of flowers had to do with the epistemic value (i.e., curiosity fulfillment). The results of this study imply that consumers who have different choice behavior toward flowers possess different evaluative judgments in regard to floral products. Such differences not only lead consumers to have different purchase choices in regard to flowers, but are also very likely to influence the consumer's behavior in regard to information search and variety seeking in the floral market, which in turn, impacts the effectiveness of commercial communication in the floral market.

scholarly journals Effect of cetane improver addition into diesel fuel: Methanol mixtures on performance and emissions at different injection pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyyaz Candan ◽  
Murat Ciniviz ◽  
Ilker Ors
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Smoke Opacity

In this study, methanol in ratios of 5-10-15% were incorporated into diesel fuel with the aim of reducing harmful exhaust gasses of Diesel engine, di-tertbutyl peroxide as cetane improver in a ratio of 1% was added into mixture fuels in order to reduce negative effects of methanol on engine performance parameters, and isobutanol of a ratio of 1% was used as additive for preventing phase separation of all mixtures. As results of experiments conducted on a single cylinder and direct injection Diesel engine, methanol caused the increase of NOx emission while reducing CO, HC, CO2, and smoke opacity emissions. It also reduced torque and power values, and increased brake specific fuel consumption values. Cetane improver increased torque and power values slightly compared to methanol-mixed fuels, and reduced brake specific fuel consumption values. It also affected exhaust emission values positively, excluding smoke opacity. Increase of injector injection pressure affected performances of methanol-mixed fuels positively. It also increased injection pressure and NOx emissions, while reducing other exhaust emissions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document