scholarly journals Comparing Money and Time Donation: What Do Experiments Tell Us?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-94
Author(s):  
Tingting He
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Vast Amount

Abstract Money donation and time donation, as charitable donations from individuals to organizations, are two forms of prosocial behavior that have been increasingly studied in recent years. Despite the vast amount of research about money and/or time donation, however, only limited work has been done on reviewing the research on these two forms of charitable donations as comparable or parallel entities. In this paper, we seek to help fill this gap by reviewing the existing research. We applied the backwards and forwards snowballing technique to arrive at a review sample of 39 experimental papers published in 2000–2020 that have compared money and time donation, or at least analyzed them as two parallel entities. We examine the issues that are predominantly considered in these experimental papers and summarize the general directions of their findings. We also point out certain gaps in the existing literature and posit some potentially fruitful directions for future experimental research regarding money and time donation.

Are Millennials Really Particularly Selfish? Preliminary Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Sample in the Philanthropy Panel Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (14) ◽  
pp. 1965-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Koczanski ◽  
Harvey S. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Causal Mechanisms

We use panel data on charitable donations to analyze how the philanthropic behavior of Millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) compares with that of earlier generations. On the basis of a multivariate analysis with a rich set of economic and demographic variables, we find that conditional on making a gift, one cannot reject the hypothesis that Millennials donate more than members of earlier generations. However, Millennials are somewhat less likely to make any donations at all than their generational predecessors. While our data do not allow us to explore causal mechanisms, our findings suggest a more nuanced view of the Millennials’ prosocial behavior than is depicted in popular accounts.

scholarly journals Stylized and photographic eye images do not increase charitable donations in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Paul Lennon ◽  
Rachel Grant ◽  
V. Tamara Montrose
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Shape Control ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
Honor System ◽  
Eye Imagery ◽  
Eye Of Horus

The effects of watching eyes upon prosocial behavior have been explored in various contexts, for example, in relation to charitable donations, honor-system payments and littering. Whilst studies have explored the effects of both photographic and stylized eyes upon prosocial behavior, no study, to our knowledge, has compared stylized eyes to photographic eyes. Here we explored the effects of stylized and photographic eye images upon prosocial behavior assessed via charitable donations in a ‘free cakes’ field experiment. Charitable giving was assessed under six eye image conditions, three stylized eye images (evil eye, eye of Horus, all-seeing eye), one photographic eye image (human eye image) and two control images (geometric shape control and blank control). No difference in the amount of money donated was found between any of the eye image conditions. These results suggest that watching eyes, whether stylized or photographic, are not effective at eliciting prosocial behavior via charitable giving. However, further study contrasting single and paired eye imagery, and exploration of the effects of stylized eye imagery in deterring littering and crime, would be beneficial.

How Deviations from Performance Norms Impact Charitable Donations

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Allen ◽  
Meike Eilert ◽  
John Peloza
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Negative Deviation ◽  
Positive Deviation ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Promotion Focus ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
A Performance

Although the actions of others can influence a consumer's behavior, these actions are often at odds with performance norms. For example, charities can experience relatively low rates of support (resulting in a negative deviation from a performance norm) or relatively high rates of support (resulting in a positive deviation from a performance norm). Previous research provides evidence of the equivocal effects of these deviations, with both positive and negative deviations motivating prosocial behaviors. The current research reconciles these competing findings by introducing construal as a moderator. Across four studies, the authors find that positive deviations from performance norms motivate prosocial behavior for independent donors, whereas negative deviations from performance norms motivate prosocial behavior for interdependent donors. They further show that these effects are driven by a prevention focus associated with interdependent consumers and a promotion focus associated with independent consumers. The article concludes with implications for the marketing of charities and prosocial behaviors.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan perilaku prososial pelajar Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) melalui pembelajaran karakter: Bagaimana efektivitasnya?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Suroso Suroso ◽  
Fandy Maramis ◽  
Muhammad Farid
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
School Students ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Xi Xin

AbstractIncreasing prosocial behavior can help solve social problems that occur in the community. Cultivation of prosocial behavior can be done at school through character learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of character learning to improve prosocial behavior in working together, helping and respecting the rights and welfare of others in high school adolescents. The experimental research design used in this study was one group pretest-posttest. Research participants numbered 21 class XI Xin Zhong Surabaya High School students who were selected based on purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument used a prosocial scale compiled by researchers with a reliability coefficient of ? = 0.898. The results of the analysis using Wilcoxon show that character learning is effective for improving the prosocial behavior of high school adolescents. It is recommended that teachers use the character learning module to improve the prosocial behavior of high school adolescents.Keywords: Character learning; Learning effectiveness; Prosocial behavior AbstrakPeningkatan perilaku prososial dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Penanaman perilaku prososial dapat dilakukan di sekolah melalui pembelajaran karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pembelajaran karakter untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial bekerja sama, menolong dan menghargai hak dan kesejahteraan orang lain pada remaja SMA. Desain penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest.  Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 21 siswa kelas XI SMA Xin Zhong Surabaya yang terpilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala prososial yang disusun oleh peneliti dengan koefisien reliabilitas sebesar ?= 0,898. Hasil analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran karakter efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial remaja SMA. Disarankan agar para guru menggunakan modul pembelajaran karakter untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial remaja SMA.Kata kunci: Efektivititas Pembelajaran; Pembelajaran Karakter; Perilaku Prososial

PENGARUH EMPATI EMOSIONAL TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL YANG DIMODERASI OLEH JENIS KELAMIN PADA MAHASISWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Irdianti Irdianti ◽  
Sariana Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
New Students

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh empati emosional terhadap perilaku prososial yang dimoderasi oleh jenis kelamin pada mahasiswa baru psikologi UNM. Empati emosional didefinisikan sebagai dorongan secara otomatis dan tampa disadari untuk merespon keadaan emosi orang lain. Dan perilaku prososial diartikan sebagai tindakan dengan cara pemberian dua perlakuan berupa video yang membuat emosional individu meningkat ataupun netral dengan instrument untuk mengukur empati emosional dengan menggunakan Positive dan Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) yang dikembangkan oleh Watson, Clark &Tellegen (1988). Pengukuran prilaku prososial dilakukan dengan melihat jumlah donasi yang diberikan oleh responden. Responden penelitian berjumlah 32 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan dengan kriteria mahsiswa baru psikologi UNM.Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan desain faktorial  2 (empati: netral vs empati) X 2 (jenis kelamin: laki-laki vs perempuan) between subject design. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang cukup signifikan antara empati emosional terhadap perilaku prososial, tapi pengaruh jenis kelamin sebagai moderator terhadap perilaku prososial tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan. Kata kunci: empati emosional, jenis kelamin, perilaku prososialAbstract: The research aims to determine the effect of emotional on prosocial behavior moderated by gender in new students of psychology UNM. Emotional empathy is defined as an impulse automatically and without being realized to respond to other people's emotional states. And prosocial behavior is defined as an act by giving two treatments in the form of a video which can increase someone’s empathy or neutral with an instrument to measure emotional empathy using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark & Tellegen (1988). The measurement of prosocial behavior is done by looking at the number of donations given by respondents. The research respondents numbered 32 students consisting of men and women with the criteria of new students in UNM psychology. This experimental research used factorial design 2 (empathy: neutral vs empathy) X 2 (sex: male vs. female) between-subject designs. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between emotional empathy on prosocial behavior, but the effect of gender as a moderator on prosocial behavior does not have a significant effect.Keywords: Empathy, emotional empathy, gender, prosocial behavior

The joy of obligation: Human cultural worldviews can enhance the rewards of meeting obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Buchtel
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Confucian Heritage Culture ◽  
Cultural Worldviews

Abstract Is it particularly human to feel coerced into fulfilling moral obligations, or is it particularly human to enjoy them? I argue for the importance of taking into account how culture promotes prosocial behavior, discussing how Confucian heritage culture enhances the satisfaction of meeting one's obligations.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Secondary Transfer Effect of Contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Secondary Transfer ◽  
Primary Reduction

This paper reviews the evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact. Following a contact’s typical primary reduction in prejudice toward the outgroup involved in the contact, this effect involves a further, secondary reduction in prejudice toward noninvolved outgroups. Employing longitudinal German probability samples, we found that significant secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact exist, but they were limited to specific outgroups that are similar to the contacted outgroup in perceived stereotypes, status or stigma. Since the contact-prejudice link is bidirectional, the effect is inflated when prior prejudice reducing contact is not controlled. The strongest evidence derives from experimental research. Both cognitive (dissonance) and affective (evaluative conditioning) explanations for the effect are offered.

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