scholarly journals Developments and Progress in Non-contact Eye Tonometer Calibration

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Peter Pavlásek ◽  
Jan Rybář ◽  
Stanislav Ďuriš ◽  
Branislav Hučko ◽  
Miroslav Chytil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Measurement Standard ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
And Control ◽  
Traceable Calibration

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problematic of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, performed by non-invasive methods. More specifically, the devices that are connected with the presented finding are non-contact tonometers that use concentrated air stream and optical sensors to determine the IOP within a human’s eye. The paper analyzes various influential factors that have an effect on the determination of the IOP values originating from the patients themselves and from the non-contact tonometer devices. The paper furthermore elaborates on the lack of independent methods of calibration and control of these devices. In order to fill this gap a measurement standard device that is capable of calibrating and testing these devices with traceability to the basic SI unit is presented. A detailed characterization and the determination of the expected uncertainty of the device are provided. By introducing an independent and traceable calibration method and control of non-contact tonometers into the clinical practice, the reliability of the measured IOP that is the primary indicator of glaucoma can be improved.

scholarly journals Perspective non-invasive biomarkers: intestinal proteins in the diagnosis for diagnosis and control of intestinal mucosal damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A. I. Khavkin ◽  
V. P. Novikova ◽  
N. S. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Control

The aim of this literature review was to consider the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers detection: citrulline and intestinal proteins, designed to detect intestinal mucosa damage.Conclusion: determination of I-FABP and I-BABP in blood are promising methods for non-invasive diagnosis of the intestinal damage, since these proteins are released from the damaged enterocytes. However, the determination of intestinal proteins is important in combination with the determination of citrulline. Several studies have shown that citrulline can be measured in animal models, in adult and pediatric patients. It is easily detectable, consistently measured and capable of detecting inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The limitation of most studies was the small sample size. Non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring techniques remain an important area of further research.

Research on the Enhancement of Space-Tracking Ships' Orbit Determination Accuracy in Manned Space Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1097-1100
Author(s):  
Hui Fen Li ◽  
Guo Hu Xue ◽  
Jun Shan Mu ◽  
Xian Chun Xu ◽  
Sha Hao
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Report Accuracy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analysis Of Error ◽  
Selection Of

As China's space-tracking ships' missions change, there is ever higher demand on ships' orbit determination accuracy. This is reflected in Shenzhou missions, during which ships' orbit determination accuracy influences the whole tracking and control system. This paper bases its research on the analysis of error sources' influence on the determination of near-earth and near-round orbit, and proposes urgent problems and research prospects of maritime orbit determination accuracy enhancement. It establishes a model for adjusting ship attitude and speed, designs a self-adjusting information retrieval calibration method, realizes accurate simulation of ship complex error and researches on optimal selection of first-orbit root number based on sequence statistics. It also conducts research on improving preliminary treatment model and enhancing orbit report accuracy.

scholarly journals Design and Manipulation of Ferroic Domains in Complex Oxide Heterostructures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Strkalj ◽  
Elzbieta Gradauskaite ◽  
Johanna Nordlander ◽  
Morgan Trassin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Oxide Heterostructures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Magnetic Orders ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

The current burst of device concepts based on nanoscale domain-control in magnetically and electrically ordered systems motivates us to review the recent development in the design of domain engineered oxide heterostructures. The improved ability to design and control advanced ferroic domain architectures came hand in hand with major advances in investigation capacity of nanoscale ferroic states. The new avenues offered by prototypical multiferroic materials, in which electric and magnetic orders coexist, are expanding beyond the canonical low-energy-consuming electrical control of a net magnetization. Domain pattern inversion, for instance, holds promises of increased functionalities. In this review, we first describe the recent development in the creation of controlled ferroelectric and multiferroic domain architectures in thin films and multilayers. We then present techniques for probing the domain state with a particular focus on non-invasive tools allowing the determination of buried ferroic states. Finally, we discuss the switching events and their domain analysis, providing critical insight into the evolution of device concepts involving multiferroic thin films and heterostructures.

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

INFLUENCE OF OFFICE BLEACHING SYSTEMS ON THE RESISTANCE OF HARD TOOTH TISSUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Magsumova O.A. ◽  
Postnikov M.A. ◽  
Ryskina E.A. ◽  
Tkach T.M. ◽  
Polkanova V.A.
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Voluntary Informed Consent

One of the non-invasive methods for treating discoloration of hard tooth tissues is teeth whitening. The aim of this work is to assess the dynamics of changes in the acid resistance of enamel and hard tissues of teeth and the rate of its remineralization after the procedure of office teeth whitening. The study involved 123 patients aged 18 to 35 years with discoloration of various origins, with the color of hard tooth tissues on the Vita Classic A2 scale and darker. Before performing the office, teeth whitening procedure, all patients gave their written voluntary informed consent to participate in this study, as well as consent to the processing of personal data. Depending on the chosen method of office teeth whitening, patients were divided into 3 groups. The resistance of hard tooth tissues was judged based on the determination of TOER and CASRE tests. These indicators were determined at various times (5 days before the office teeth whitening procedure, 5 days after it, after 14, 30 days and 6 months). Regardless of the chosen whitening system, the office teeth whitening procedure is accompanied by a decrease in the enamel's resistance to acids and a decrease in the rate of its remineralization. The remineralizing function of oral fluid promotes the positive dynamics of the studied parameters after 14 days and after 30 days values increased due to the appointment of remineralizing therapy to all patients in 2 weeks after the teeth whitening procedure. After 6 months, all patients had high enamel resistance and the rate of its remineralization.

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prong Kongsubto ◽  
Sirarat Kongwudthiti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Film Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Reverse Iontophoretic Determination of Blood Glucose in an Artificial Skin Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Cigdem Yengin ◽  
Emrah Kilinc ◽  
Fatma Gulay Der ◽  
Mehmet Can Sezgin ◽  
Ilayda Alcin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Background: Reverse İontophoresis (RI) is one of the promising non-invasive technologies. It relies on the transition of low magnitude current through the skin and thus glucose measurement becomes possible as it is extracted from the surface during this porter current flow. Objective: This paper deals with the development and optimization of an RI determination method for glucose. CE dialysis membrane based artificial skin model was developed and the dependence of RI extraction on various experimental parameters was investigated. Method: Dependence of RI extraction performance on noble electrodes (platinum, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium) was checked with CA, CV and DPV, in a wide pH and ionic strength range. Optimizations on inter-electrode distance, potential type and magnitude, extraction time, gel type, membrane MWCO, usage frequency, pretreatment, artificial body fluids were performed. Results: According to the optimized results, the inter-electrode distance was 7.0 mm and silver was the optimum noble metal. Optimum pH and ionic strength were achieved with 0.05M PBS at pH 7.4. Higher glucose yields were obtained with DPV, while CA and CV achieved almost the same levels. During CA, +0.5V achieved the highest glucose yield and higher potential even caused a decrease. Glucose levels could be monitored for 24 hours. CMC gel was the optimum collection media. Pretreated CE membrane with 12kD MWCO was the artificial skin model. Pretreatment affected the yields while its condition caused no significant difference. Except PBS solution (simulated as artificial plasma), among the various artificial simulated body fluids, intestinal juice formulation (AI) and urine formulation U2 were the optimum extraction media, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, various experimental parameters (pretereatment procedure, type and MWCO values of membranes, inter-electrode distance, electrode material, extraction medium solvents, ionic strength and pH, collection medium gel type, extraction potential type and magnitude, extraction time and etc) were optimized for the non-invasive RI determination of glucose in a CE dialysis membrane-based artificial skin model and various simulated artificial body fluids.

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