scholarly journals Design and Manipulation of Ferroic Domains in Complex Oxide Heterostructures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Strkalj ◽  
Elzbieta Gradauskaite ◽  
Johanna Nordlander ◽  
Morgan Trassin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Oxide Heterostructures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Magnetic Orders ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

The current burst of device concepts based on nanoscale domain-control in magnetically and electrically ordered systems motivates us to review the recent development in the design of domain engineered oxide heterostructures. The improved ability to design and control advanced ferroic domain architectures came hand in hand with major advances in investigation capacity of nanoscale ferroic states. The new avenues offered by prototypical multiferroic materials, in which electric and magnetic orders coexist, are expanding beyond the canonical low-energy-consuming electrical control of a net magnetization. Domain pattern inversion, for instance, holds promises of increased functionalities. In this review, we first describe the recent development in the creation of controlled ferroelectric and multiferroic domain architectures in thin films and multilayers. We then present techniques for probing the domain state with a particular focus on non-invasive tools allowing the determination of buried ferroic states. Finally, we discuss the switching events and their domain analysis, providing critical insight into the evolution of device concepts involving multiferroic thin films and heterostructures.

Non-volatile ferroelectric control of room-temperature electrical transport in perovskite oxide semiconductor La:BaSnO3

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (45) ◽  
pp. 11763-11768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungyang Heo ◽  
Daseob Yoon ◽  
Sangbae Yu ◽  
Junwoo Son ◽  
Hyun Myung Jang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Polarization Reversal ◽  
Oxide Heterostructures ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Substantial Interest

Complex oxide heterostructures composed of oxide semiconductor thin films and ferroelectric single crystals have attracted substantial interest due to the electrically switchable channel resistance by the polarization reversal of ferroelectrics.

scholarly journals Perspective non-invasive biomarkers: intestinal proteins in the diagnosis for diagnosis and control of intestinal mucosal damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A. I. Khavkin ◽  
V. P. Novikova ◽  
N. S. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Control

The aim of this literature review was to consider the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers detection: citrulline and intestinal proteins, designed to detect intestinal mucosa damage.Conclusion: determination of I-FABP and I-BABP in blood are promising methods for non-invasive diagnosis of the intestinal damage, since these proteins are released from the damaged enterocytes. However, the determination of intestinal proteins is important in combination with the determination of citrulline. Several studies have shown that citrulline can be measured in animal models, in adult and pediatric patients. It is easily detectable, consistently measured and capable of detecting inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The limitation of most studies was the small sample size. Non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring techniques remain an important area of further research.

scholarly journals Developments and Progress in Non-contact Eye Tonometer Calibration

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Peter Pavlásek ◽  
Jan Rybář ◽  
Stanislav Ďuriš ◽  
Branislav Hučko ◽  
Miroslav Chytil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Measurement Standard ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
And Control ◽  
Traceable Calibration

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problematic of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, performed by non-invasive methods. More specifically, the devices that are connected with the presented finding are non-contact tonometers that use concentrated air stream and optical sensors to determine the IOP within a human’s eye. The paper analyzes various influential factors that have an effect on the determination of the IOP values originating from the patients themselves and from the non-contact tonometer devices. The paper furthermore elaborates on the lack of independent methods of calibration and control of these devices. In order to fill this gap a measurement standard device that is capable of calibrating and testing these devices with traceability to the basic SI unit is presented. A detailed characterization and the determination of the expected uncertainty of the device are provided. By introducing an independent and traceable calibration method and control of non-contact tonometers into the clinical practice, the reliability of the measured IOP that is the primary indicator of glaucoma can be improved.

Binary and complex oxide thin films for microelectronic applications: An insight into their growth and advanced nanoscopic investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Lo Nigro ◽  
Patrick Fiorenza ◽  
Maria R. Catalano ◽  
Gabriele Fisichella ◽  
Fabrizio Roccaforte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Oxide Thin Films ◽  
Insight Into

On stoichiometry and intermixing at the spinel/perovskite interface in CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 thin films

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Tileli ◽  
Martial Duchamp ◽  
Anna-Karin Axelsson ◽  
Matjaz Valant ◽  
Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Interfacial Coupling ◽  
Oxide Heterostructures ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Two Component

The performance of complex oxide heterostructures depends primarily on the interfacial coupling of the two component structures. Here, we report on the chemical complexity of the heteroepitaxy between CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 on the atomic level.

Conflict Resolution and Patronage in Provincial Towns, 1590–1640

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Historians of early modern England, just like the people they study, are preoccupied with order and disorder. Particularly for the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, attention has focused on how a government and political nation whose prescriptions demanded unanimity and stability descended into civil war and revolution, the ultimate disorder. The period saw rising populations, social mobility, economic change, and religious division, all of which placed stress on the traditional order. These agents of turmoil deserve close attention. But in focusing so intently on breakdown, we tend to miss seeing how Elizabethan and early Stuart government actually worked. For most of these years, a reasonably stable and increasingly integrated royal government ruled peacefully over the English people. By shifting our attention away from breakdown, we can begin to ask critical new questions. How, precisely, did the leaders of this society work to create order in the face of difference? How did the nature of government affect the ways that people sought stability?Evidence from urban government—provincial borough corporations—provides critical insight into these questions. Civic leaders found that the best way to maintain order and authority in their own communities was by participating in the wider governing structures of the state. London's attempts at the “pursuit of stability” have received serious treatment in recent years. Provincial towns, however, have less often been studied as a means to understand the polity as a whole. They have in the past been characterized as quite insular, either abjectly dependent on a great lord or gentleman or else “independent” and unwilling to brook outside influences; they sought stability and control by looking inward, reinforcing their own authority.

scholarly journals State-Switching Probability Reveals Sleep-Related Biological Drives inDrosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Wiggin ◽  
Patricia R. Goodwin ◽  
Nathan C. Donelson ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Kien Trinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Invasive Measurement

ABSTRACTSleep pressure and sleep depth are key regulators of wake and sleep. Current methods of measuring these parameters inDrosophila melanogasterhave low temporal resolution and/or require disrupting sleep. Here we report a novel analysis tool for high-resolution, non-invasive measurement of sleep pressure and depth from movement data. Probability of transitioning to an active state, P(Wake), measures sleep depth while probability of transitioning to an inactive state, P(Doze), measures sleep pressure.In vivoand computational analyses show that P(Wake) and P(Doze) are independent and control the amount of total sleep. Importantly, we demonstrate that these probabilities are tied to specific biological processes. Genetic and environmental perturbations demonstrate that a given amount of sleep can be produced by many combinations of underlying P(Wake) and P(Doze). We show that measuring sleep pressure and depth continuously, without disturbing on-going behavior, provides greater mechanistic insight into behavior than measuring the amount of sleep alone.

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Interactions Between Al and Cr Thin Films

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
T. M. Reith ◽  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
E. K. Brandis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Intermetallic Formation ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

Thin films of aluminum or aluminum-silicon can be used in conjunction with thin films of chromium in integrated electronic circuits. For some applications, these films exhibit undesirable reactions; in particular, intermetallic formation below 500 C must be inhibited or prevented. The Al films, being the principal current carriers in interconnective metal applications, are usually much thicker than the Cr; so one might expect Al-rich intermetallics to form when the processing temperature goes out of control. Unfortunately, the JCPDS and the literature do not contain enough data on the Al-rich phases CrAl7 and Cr2Al11, and the determination of these data was a secondary aim of this work.To define a matrix of Cr-Al diffusion couples, Cr-Al films were deposited with two sets of variables: Al or Al-Si, and broken vacuum or single pumpdown. All films were deposited on 2-1/4-inch thermally oxidized Si substrates. A 500-Å layer of Cr was deposited at 120 Å/min on substrates at room temperature, in a vacuum system that had been pumped to 2 x 10-6 Torr. Then, with or without vacuum break, a 1000-Å layer of Al or Al-Si was deposited at 35 Å/s, with the substrates still at room temperature.

Determination of Stoichiometry of GaAs Component in (Gaas)Ge Epitaxially Grown Thin Films by Electron Microprobe X-Ray Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
D. R. Liu ◽  
S. S. Shinozaki ◽  
R. J. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Compound Semiconductors ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metastable Alloys ◽  
Lower Voltage

The epitaxially grown (GaAs)Ge thin film has been arousing much interest because it is one of metastable alloys of III-V compound semiconductors with germanium and a possible candidate in optoelectronic applications. It is important to be able to accurately determine the composition of the film, particularly whether or not the GaAs component is in stoichiometry, but x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS) cannot meet this need. The thickness of the film is usually about 0.5-1.5 μm. If Kα peaks are used for quantification, the accelerating voltage must be more than 10 kV in order for these peaks to be excited. Under this voltage, the generation depth of x-ray photons approaches 1 μm, as evidenced by a Monte Carlo simulation and actual x-ray intensity measurement as discussed below. If a lower voltage is used to reduce the generation depth, their L peaks have to be used. But these L peaks actually are merged as one big hump simply because the atomic numbers of these three elements are relatively small and close together, and the EDS energy resolution is limited.

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