scholarly journals Regulatory Cybernetics: Adaptability and Probability in the Public Administration’s Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Mirko Pečarič
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Bayes Networks ◽  
Similar Elements

AbstractDynamic perspectives from systems theory and cybernetics are used in this paper to introduce the self-adaptable legal regulation or individual decision-making based on Bayes networks. The latter, by using similar elements as systems theory or cybernetics can help decision-makers not only to quantify the evidential strengths of hypotheses but also to take the most probable decision. Nowadays legal science and the public administration with it that prepares the majority of draft legal rules, do not sufficiently address legal forms from which rules’ content derives. The increasing speed of change and the consequent shortness of operative rules should force decision-makers to consider the new forms of legal norms and decisions that would still respect the objectivity and impartiality of decision-making.

Framing Information Technology Governance in the Public Sector: Opportunities and Challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalifa Al-Farsi ◽  
Ramzi EL Haddadeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology Governance ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Information Technology Governance ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Information technology governance is considered one of the innovative practices that can provide support for decision-makers. Interestingly, it has become increasingly a de facto for organizations in seeking to optimise their performance. In principle, information technology governance has emerged to support organizations in the integration of information technology (IT) infrastructures and the delivery of high-quality services. On the other hand, decision-making processes in public sector organisations can be multi-faceted and complex, and decision makers play an important role in implementing technology in the public sector. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on current opportunities and challenges that IT governance is experiencing in the context of public sector services. In this respect, this paper examines the factors influencing the decision-making process to fully appreciate IT governance. Furthermore, this study focuses on combining institutional and individual perspectives to explain how individuals can take decisions in response to institutional influences.

Emergency water supply decision-making of transboundary river basin considering government–public perceived satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Haiwei Zhou ◽  
Lidan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Perceived Satisfaction ◽  
Emergency Water Supply

The emergency supply of transboundary water resources is a prominent problem affecting the social and economic development of basin countries. However, current water supply decisions on transboundary water resources may ignore the psychological perception of multi-stakeholders, and the evolution of emergencies increases the uncertainty of decision making. Both factors would lead to the low acceptance of water-related decisions. Utility satisfaction, perceived losses, and quantity satisfaction were selected in this paper to identify the perceived satisfaction of upstream governments, downstream governments, and the public, respectively, over multiple decision-making stages. A modeling framework combining prospect theory and the multi-stage multi-objective programming methodology was then developed to measure the perceived satisfaction of different stakeholders in a watershed under emergency. A two-stage NSGA-II and TOPSIS based approach was adopted to find the optimal compromise solution to solve the model. The framework was applied in the Lancang–Mekong River basin to provide suggestions to decision makers. Upstream decision makers must choose a moderate proportional fairness degree when making emergency decisions to maximize the perceived satisfaction of all stakeholders. Meanwhile, the perceived loss of downstream countries with low water demand should be considered first in the formulation of emergency water supply plans. Furthermore, although water supply from upstream countries can improve perceived water quantity satisfaction of downstream publics, additional actions must still be taken to change the traditional concepts of the public.

Health Impacts of Large-Scale Floods: Governmental Decision-Making and Resilience of the Citizens

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (S2) ◽  
pp. s70-s73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Q.P. Fundter ◽  
Bas Jonkman ◽  
Steve Beerman ◽  
Corsmas L.P.M. Goemans ◽  
Rosanna Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Saving

AbstractDuring the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam, May 2007 (15WCDEM), a targeted agenda program (TAP) about the public health aspects of large-scale floods was organized. The main goal of the TAP was the establishment of an overview of issues that would help governmental decision-makers to develop policies to increase the resilience of the citizens during floods. During the meetings, it became clear that citizens have a natural resistance to evacuations. This results in death due to drowning and injuries. Recently, communication and education programs have been developed that may increase awareness that timely evacuation is important and can be life-saving. After a flood, health problems persist over prolonged periods, including increased death rates during the first year after a flood and a higher incidence of chronic illnesses that last for decades after the flood recedes. Population-based resilience (bottom-up) and governmental responsibility (top-down) must be combined to prepare regions for the health impact of evacuations and floods. More research data are needed to become better informed about the health impact and consequences of translocation of health infrastructures after evacuations. A better understanding of the consequences of floods will support governmental decision-making to mitigate the health impact. A top-10 priority action list was formulated.

Looping effects of neurolaw, and the precarious marriage between neuroscience and the law

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toma Strle ◽  
Olga Markič ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Contexts

In the following article we first present the growing trend of incorporating neuroscience into the law, and the growing acceptance of and trust in neuroscience’s mechanistic and reductionistic explanations of the human mind. We then present and discuss some studies that show how nudging peoples’ beliefs about matters related to human agency (such as free will, decision-making, or self-control) towards a more deterministic, mechanistic and/or reductionistic conception, exerts an influence on their very actions, mentality, and brain processes. We suggest that the neuroscientific view of the human mind exerts an influence on the very cognitive phenomena neuroscience falsely believes to be studying objectively. This holds especially when we consider the systematic integration of neuroscience into the public domain, such as the law. For, such an integration acts as a reinforcement of the public’s and legal decision-makers’ endorsement of and trust in neuroscience’s view of human nature that further changes how people think and act. Such looping effects of neurolaw are probably inevitable. Accordingly, we should be aware of the scope of neuroscientific explanations and be careful not to overstate neuroscientific evidence and findings in legal contexts.

DEMOCRACY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE KOVALEV ◽  
JOHANN KÖPPEL ◽  
ALEXANDER DROZDOV ◽  
ECKHARDT DITTRICH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation

Since 1988, the Russian Federation has required that laws, plans, programs and all kind of projects undergo an environmental assessment. A mandatory component of the EIA in Russia is public participation. In this paper different case studies are used to find out to what extent public could influence environmental decision making processes from the early eighties until 2002. The cases selected include several where the public was passive or where it had limited activities, but also some where the participation was strong and projects were improved or stopped. As far as these case studies highlighted, the civil society in Russia can be described as an organized and sometimes strong factor in the approval process. The behaviour displayed by decision-makers, however, revealed at times a remarkable democratic deficit.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of pawnshops in pre-revolutionary and Soviet civil legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Bril’ ◽  
Ekaterina I. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Public Sphere

The article examines the process of the origin and development of pawnshop activity in the Russian state in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. Special attention is paid to improving the conditions for granting loans to the population secured by property. The authors investigated the normative legal acts regulating the activities of pawnshops. It is noted that the creation of pawnshops was due to the need to rid the population of usurious oppression and the search for new sources of replenishment of the state treasury. The analysis of the sources of legal regulation shows that in the pre-revolutionary period there was a gradual transfer of the work of pawnshops from the public sphere to the private – the organisational and legal forms of pawnshops were improved, the system of control over their activities changed. The chronological framework of the study also includes the Soviet stage of the formation of pawnshop activity, which is poorly studied. After the temporary cessation of pawnshops, the process of its revival began within the framework of a new economic policy in order to improve consumer services for the population. The authors reveal the contribution of pawnshops to the preservation of citizens' property during the Axis-Soviet War. The analysis of the history of pawnshop activity allowed us to conclude about the social role of pawnshops and their importance for maintaining the financial situation of the population, which indicates the need for the development of pawnshop activity at the present stage.

scholarly journals Perancangan Sistem Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Publik Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Petrus Sokibi ◽  
Nurul Bahiyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Government Institution

Talun sub-district is a government institution that provides public services to the public, which at this time there is no assessment of service satisfaction from the community so that the District Talun cannot know the assessment or complaints from the public to public services provided. The research aims to determine the level of public satisfaction of Public Service in Talun Sub-district. AHP is a complex multi-criteria decision-making method, in an unstructured situation into sections that are then shaped into functional hierarchies to present problems to be solved and then build a priority sequence for alternatives by pairwise alternative comparisons based on judgments of decision makers against a system. The appraisal application yields the value of the public satisfaction level and the eigenvector ranked according to the highest data as the final value of the AHP calculation so that the eigenvector value obtained can facilitate the Camat to see which elements of service are not good.

scholarly journals The Legal Regulation of Rental Contracts on the Land Rental Market in Slovakia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Ivan Takáč ◽  
Jarmila Lazíková
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Legal Forms

Abstract Rented land accounted for 53% of the total agricultural area at EU-27 level in 2009. Rented land as a proportion of total utilized agricultural area in Slovakia (UAA) is one of the highest (FADN, 2009). That is why land rent plays a very important role. Therefore, the Slovak law maker approved special legal regulation to stabilize the long-term rent of agricultural land. The paper analyses how these legal norms affect the behaviour of the land tenants doing their business activities in the agriculture. Within the paper, the development of the market farmland prices and farmland rental payments development with the administrative land prices and rental payments stipulated by the Slovak national law is analysed. Based on the research results we found out that prices of arable land have statistically significantly increased. In spite of these facts the market prices are still lower than their administrative prices(1) especially in the case of farmland of the highest quality. According to the results the rent payment for one hectare of land is not influenced by the minimum rent payment stipulated by law. Contrary, minimum rental period stipulated by law, legal forms of agricultural enterprises and quality of land have significant impact on the rental payments. The larger acreage of land of one agricultural businessman press down the land rent payments. The legal forms of enterprises as well as the land rent period belong to the dominant factors which influence the land rent payment. (1) Administrative price is a price of farmland stipulated by the law.

scholarly journals LOCATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL RULES IN LEGAL REGULATION OF HUMAN PROVISION OF COURT AND EXPERT OFFICES OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
S. Gasparian
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Specialized Institutions

Proper selection and placement directly affect the effectiveness of forensic activities and are impossible without taking into account all factors related to their staffing, in particular, the administrative and legal framework of staffing. The key role in the process of forensics is played by state specialized institutions and expert services, which are required by law to carry out forensic activities. Legal regulation of staffing of judicial and expert institutions is carried out in accordance with the norms of international and European law, the Constitution of Ukraine, the codes of Ukraine, laws and by-laws. The administrative and legal principles of training of qualified personnel for carrying out forensic expert activity are analysed. It is noted that the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise» regulates the training of specialists for state specialized institutions conducting judicial examinations, is carried out by higher education institutions; specialization and advanced training are conducted at courses and special institutions of relevant ministries and other central executive bodies. The peculiarities of the training of forensic experts in the systems of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are considered. Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. In addition to those conducted exclusively by state specialized institutions (namely, forensic, forensic and forensic psychiatrists), forensic examinations may also be involved in the forensic examinations, which are not employees of these institutions, and the conditions under which they may exercise such activity The place of administrative and legal norms in the legal regulation of CSCE staffing is characterized and it is noted that not only the progress but also the results of the reforms taking place in Ukraine depend on the proper selection and placement of the CSCE professional staff. It is stated that it is expedient to divide the above normative legal acts, which comprehensively regulate the staffing of judicial and expert institutions of Ukraine, by the scope of action (general, special).

scholarly journals Die proses van partikuliere en openbare besluitneming

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
S. S. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Public Decision Making

Private and public decision-making The interaction between the private and public sectors is important in South Africa. Much criticism is expressed by the one sector against the other. This can be partly attributed to an incomplete understanding of the processes of decision-making in the two sectors, and of the differences between them. A comparison is drawn between the most important elements of the decision-making processes in the two sectors. Public decision-making deals mostly with matters concerning the community and the economy as a whole, whereas private decision-making is concerned mostly with parts of the whole. The aims at which decision-making in the two sectors are directed, differ accordingly, as do the perceptions of the respective decision-makers of the environment in which they make decisions. As a consequence, the criteria for the success of a decision also differ substantially between the two sectors. The implications of these differences between private and public decision-making for the approach to inflation and the financing of housing, are dealt with as examples. Finally, differences between the ways in which decisions are implemented in the two sectors, also appear to be an important cause of much of the criticism from the private sector about decision-making in the public sector.

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