scholarly journals Microbial Contamination of a Diving Suit

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Dąbrowiecki ◽  
Małgorzata Dąbrowiecka ◽  
Romuald Olszański ◽  
Piotr Siermontowski
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hyperbaric Chamber ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from the surface of a diver’s skin onto the surfaces of a protective suit. A long-term stay in a hyperbaric chamber during a saturation dive increases the risk of infection if in the chamber there is even a single carrier of disease-causing pathogens. The conducted research has confirmed that the diving equipment located in Diving Centres is a place of many different bacteria and fungi, including pathogenic ones. The vast majority of microbes found on the surfaces of wetsuits, etc. are commensals (with some being opportunistic organisms). This fact allows us to realise that the surfaces of diving equipment are an excellent “transmission route” for various dermatoses and other diseases. In order to reduce the risk of infection the diving equipment used by various people should be subject to the process of decontamination. The authors recommend decontamination with the use of gaseous hydrogen peroxide which does not cause damage to equipment.

scholarly journals Decontamination of a Diving Suit

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Dąbrowiecki ◽  
Małgorzata Dąbrowiecka ◽  
Romuald Olszański ◽  
Piotr Siermontowski
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractWhen working in chemical or biological environments, contamination is an extremely dangerous issue for the rescue services of the fire department, police and the army.Modern protective overalls worn by fire fighters or dry “Viking” diving suits made from neoprene or nylon covered with polyurethane, have been proven to ensure sufficient protection. However, once the contaminated area is left, there is a need to perform decontamination of the external and internal surfaces of the protective overalls; in order to ensure the clothing continues to offer a high level of comfort and to retain the durability of said protective clothing, it is of course also necessary to perform a drying procedure.Moreover, there is a risk of a transfer of pathogenic micro-organisms between persons utilising the same protective clothes, particularly in the case of expensive specialist suits. Micro-organisms which may potentially spread through clothing include intestinal bacteria, such as: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli (including E. coli O157), C. difficile, viruses inducing infections of the upper respiratory tract and alimentary tract (noraviruses, rotaviruses, adeno and astroviruses). The risk of infection also involves the presence of the flu viruses, herpesviruses and pathogens transferred through skin, such as S. aureus (including MRSA), yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans), fungal strains inducing Tinea pedis and Tinea corporis [1]. Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from fabric surface onto the body of a person wearing protective clothing.From the numerous available techniques of decontamination of surfaces, equipment and protective clothing we propose to use for this purpose gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a very effective biocidal agent. In field conditions, typical for the activities of rescue crews of the fire department, police and army we assume utilisation of a portable decontamination chamber enabling performance of a complete decontamination process.The process lasting approximately 3 hours encompasses 3 phases:• Drying phase;• Decontamination with gaseous hydrogen peroxide;• Catalytic combustion phase of hydrogen peroxide residues to a level safe for the environment.The integrated humidity and H2O2level sensors ensure automatic control of the entire process and the unique distribution system of gaseous H2O2secures full accessibility of the biocidal agent to the external surface of protective clothing as well as its interior. Moreover, the container allows for the conduction of the complete decontamination of the rescue equipment, night vision devices, binoculars, field telephones, radio stations, etc. Upon decontamination cycle completion, we obtain a completely dried suit which can be safely used by another crew member.

Skin Disinfection and Acupuncture

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Acupuncture Needle ◽  
Skin Disinfection ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Good Analogy

The need for skin disinfection before insertion of an acupuncture needle is controversial and there is no specific research on this topic. However research and observations on the effect of, and the need for, skin disinfection before injections forms a good analogy of acupuncture. Whilst micro-organisms present on the surface of the skin are accessible to disinfection, those located under the surface in ducts, glands and follicles are out of reach and can be inoculated into the sterile tissues below by needle insertion. Fortunately, the bacteria resident on the skin have a low potential to cause infection if host immunity is not severely impaired or compromised by the long-term presence of foreign material, such as a surgical stitch. Disinfection of clean skin before injection is not generally considered necessary and observations of lack of infection following injections without prior skin disinfection support this; however, contamination by micro-organisms not normally resident on skin can pose a higher risk of infection. If skin is visibly soiled, it should be washed and if needle insertion is near an infected or contaminated site, it should be disinfected with alcohol. Practitioner hand hygiene between patients is important, even if gloves are worn. Hands should be washed with soap or detergent and water, or an alcohol handrub can be used if hands are physically clean.

A technique for rearing germfree piglets obtained without surgery

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ratcliffe ◽  
J. P. Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Nutritional Balance

A relatively simple procedure is described for obtaining germfree piglets which does not involve hysterectomy or hysterotomy. Newborn pigs were delivered into an isolator and their freedom from microbial contamination was ensured by applying bactericidal solutions externally and a combination of antibiotics in solution per os. 40 piglets so derived have been maintained free from detectable micro-organisms, some for up to 140 days. Equipment is described which allowed the long-term holding of these animals so that nutritional balance studies could be completed.

scholarly journals Microbial Contamination In The Outdoor Air At Some Garbage Collecting Places And Waste Transfering Stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Dang Diep Yen Nga ◽  
Vuong Hong Nhung ◽  
To Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Microbial Pollution ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment on the microbial pollution in the air at some garbage collecting places and waste transferring stations at Ho Chi Minh City. The airborne microbial pollution is becoming more and more important, so the research was carried out to build long-term practical solutions that directly or indirectly protect the environment and ensure the human health. We performed sampling at 3 locations and quantitative analysis - identification for bacteria and fungi that existed in the outdoor air at the collected places of some districts. Samples were collected from 03–06/2019 according to Koch's deposition method. Sampling plate was placed at a height of 1.5 meters above the ground, and the sampling time was 15 minutes. The dish after collecting the sample was placed in the incubator at 37 +/- 1 oC in 24–48 h for bacteria and 25 +/- 1oC in 72–120 h for fungi. The study results showed that the density of bacteria and fungi ranged between 6,408.1–14,599.9 CFU/m3 and 733.6–2.497.6 CFU/m3. In particular, the density of bacteria tended to increase from the morning to the afternoon and decreased slightly in the evening, but the density of fungi tended to increase from the morning to the evening. All strains of microorganisms in the outdoor air were influenced by human activities and environmental factors. Dominant microorganisms were identified including Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Arthrobacter cretinolyticus, Staphylococcus kloossi, Bacillus sp. and the three common fungi including Cunninghamella sp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis. All these microbes are associated with a number of human diseases.

scholarly journals Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Spagnolo ◽  
Marina Sartini ◽  
Maria Luisa Cristina
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Micro Organisms

Several studies have revealed that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are often contaminated by large numbers of various micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses). Microbial contamination in DUWLs may originate from the mains water piped into the dental unit, the suck-back of patients’ saliva into the line due to the lack of adequate valves, and contamination from bottled water systems. Some of the main determinants of microbial contamination in DUWLs are: a very small lumen size (0.5–2 mm) of the tubing used, high surface-to-volume ratio (6:1), low throughput and the materials of which the tubing is made, water stagnation outside of working hours. The environmental conditions present inside the conduits of the dental unit may facilitate the proliferation of micro-organisms and the consequent formation of biofilm on the interior surface of the pipes of DUWLs. During the use of handpieces, particularly high-speed rotating instruments, a spray is thrown up in the form of aerosols or spatters containing biological material (saliva, blood and dental plaque) and micro-organisms. This means that the health of both dental staff and patients could be at risk of infection. The risk of cross-infections in dental settings can be tackled by implementing combined interventions to prevent the contamination of DUWLs.

Bleaching optimization at WestRock mill in Covington, Virginia

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DOUGLAS C. PRYKE ◽  
JOHN VANDERHEIDE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Equipment Repair ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Improved Performance

The WestRock mill in Covington, VA, USA, initiated a long term diagnostic and optimization program for all three of its bleaching lines. Benchmarking studies were used to help identify optimization opportunities. Capital expenditures for mixing improvement, filtrate changes, equipment repair, other equipment changes, and species changes were outside the scope of this work. This focus of this paper is the B line, producing southern hardwood pulp in a D(EP)DD sequence at 88% GE brightness. The benchmarking study and optimization work identified the following opportunities for improved performance: nonoptimal addition of caustic and hydrogen peroxide to the (EP) stage, carryover of D0 filtrate to the (EP) stage, and carryover of (EP) filtrate to the D1 stage. As a result of actions the mill undertook to address these opportunities, D0 kappa factor decreased about 5%, sodium hydroxide consumption in the (EP) stage decreased about 35%, chlorine dioxide consumption in the D1 stage decreased about 25%, and overall bleaching cost decreased about 15%.

scholarly journals Human milk feeding and cognitive outcome in preterm infants: the role of infection and NEC reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winok Lapidaire ◽  
Alan Lucas ◽  
Jonathan D. Clayden ◽  
Chris Clark ◽  
Mary S. Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Verbal Iq

Abstract Background Breast milk has been associated with lower risk of infection and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and improved long-term cognitive outcomes in preterm infants but, if unsupplemented, does not meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants were randomised to receive a high nutrient intervention diet: preterm formula (PTF) or the standard diet: term formula (TF) or banked donor breast milk (BBM), either as their sole diet or as supplement to maternal breast milk (MBM). IQ tests were performed at ages 7, 15, 20, and 30 years. Results An increase in MBM and BBM intake was associated with a lower chance of neonatal infection/NEC. Neonatal infection/NEC was associated with lower Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) score at ages 7 and 30 years. The relationship between higher intake of MBM and PIQ at age 7 years was partly mediated by neonatal infection/NEC. The intervention diet was associated with higher Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores compared to the standard diet. There was no evidence that these effects changed from childhood through to adulthood. Conclusions Neonatal diet is an important modifiable factor that can affect long-term cognitive outcome through a ‘human milk’ factor, protecting against infection/NEC, and a ‘nutrient content’ factor. Impact This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of neonatal infection/necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) on IQ in the same cohort in childhood and adulthood. Diet can be a key factor in long-term cognitive outcome in people born preterm by preventing neonatal infection/NEC and providing adequate nutrients. Human milk, whether MBM or BBM, is associated with a reduced risk of infection/NEC. A higher nutrient diet is associated with better cognitive outcome in childhood. Performance IQ is particularly vulnerable to the effects of infection/NEC and verbal IQ to the quantity of (macro)nutrients in the diet.

Enhanced Long-Term Color Stability of Teeth Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoul Hee Nam ◽  
Hyun Wook Lee ◽  
Jin Woo Hong ◽  
Hae June Lee ◽  
Gyoo Cheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Pressure Plasma

Long-term oral n-acetylcysteine reduces exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando De Benedetto ◽  
Antonio Aceto ◽  
Beatrice Dragani ◽  
Antonella Spacone ◽  
Stefano Formisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrothermal Generation of 3-Dimensional WO3 Nanocubes, Nanobars and Nanobricks, Their Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5337-5343
Author(s):  
Nilam Qureshi ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Ravindra Chaudhari ◽  
Pramod Mane ◽  
Jayant Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms

In our current endeavor, 3-dimensional (3D) tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures (nanocubes, nanobars and nanobricks) have been swiftly generated via hydrothermal route at 160 °C for 24 h. Physico-chemical characterization of the resultant powder revealed formation of WO3 nanostructures with predominantly faceted cube, brick and rectangular bar-like morphology. The present study was also aimed at exploring the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of WO3 nanostructures. Antimicrobial activity was tested against different micro-organisms viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained against these micro-organisms by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone in agar well diffusion test which revealed that the resultant WO3 nanostructures acted as excellent antibacterial agents against both bacteria and fungi but were more effective against the fungus, A. fumigatus. To examine the growth curves of bacterial cells, time kill assay was monitored for E. coli, against which significant antibacterial action of WO3 nanostructures was noted. The anti-cancer activity of WO3 nanostructures was found to be concentration-dependent against KB cell line by viable cell count method. In our pilot study, WO3 nanostructures suspension with concentration in the range of 10−1 to 10−5 mg/ml was found to kill KB cells effectively.

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