Hydrothermal Generation of 3-Dimensional WO3 Nanocubes, Nanobars and Nanobricks, Their Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5337-5343
Author(s):  
Nilam Qureshi ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Ravindra Chaudhari ◽  
Pramod Mane ◽  
Jayant Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms

In our current endeavor, 3-dimensional (3D) tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures (nanocubes, nanobars and nanobricks) have been swiftly generated via hydrothermal route at 160 °C for 24 h. Physico-chemical characterization of the resultant powder revealed formation of WO3 nanostructures with predominantly faceted cube, brick and rectangular bar-like morphology. The present study was also aimed at exploring the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of WO3 nanostructures. Antimicrobial activity was tested against different micro-organisms viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained against these micro-organisms by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone in agar well diffusion test which revealed that the resultant WO3 nanostructures acted as excellent antibacterial agents against both bacteria and fungi but were more effective against the fungus, A. fumigatus. To examine the growth curves of bacterial cells, time kill assay was monitored for E. coli, against which significant antibacterial action of WO3 nanostructures was noted. The anti-cancer activity of WO3 nanostructures was found to be concentration-dependent against KB cell line by viable cell count method. In our pilot study, WO3 nanostructures suspension with concentration in the range of 10−1 to 10−5 mg/ml was found to kill KB cells effectively.

scholarly journals Stochasticity in Colonial Growth Dynamics of Individual Bacterial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2294-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Koutsoumanis ◽  
Alexandra Lianou
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Stochastic Growth ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTConventional bacterial growth studies rely on large bacterial populations without considering the individual cells. Individual cells, however, can exhibit marked behavioral heterogeneity. Here, we present experimental observations on the colonial growth of 220 individual cells ofSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium using time-lapse microscopy videos. We found a highly heterogeneous behavior. Some cells did not grow, showing filamentation or lysis before division. Cells that were able to grow and form microcolonies showed highly diverse growth dynamics. The quality of the videos allowed for counting the cells over time and estimating the kinetic parameters lag time (λ) and maximum specific growth rate (μmax) for each microcolony originating from a single cell. To interpret the observations, the variability of the kinetic parameters was characterized using appropriate probability distributions and introduced to a stochastic model that allows for taking into account heterogeneity using Monte Carlo simulation. The model provides stochastic growth curves demonstrating that growth of single cells or small microbial populations is a pool of events each one of which has its own probability to occur. Simulations of the model illustrated how the apparent variability in population growth gradually decreases with increasing initial population size (N0). For bacterial populations withN0of >100 cells, the variability is almost eliminated and the system seems to behave deterministically, even though the underlying law is stochastic. We also used the model to demonstrate the effect of the presence and extent of a nongrowing population fraction on the stochastic growth of bacterial populations.

Electrochemical communication between microbial cells and electrodes via osmium redox systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Sunil A. Patil ◽  
Dónal Leech ◽  
Cecilia Hägerhäll ◽  
Lo Gorton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Bioelectrochemical Systems ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Micro Organisms

Electrochemical communication between micro-organisms and electrodes is the integral and fundamental part of BESs (bioelectrochemical systems). The immobilization of bacterial cells on the electrode and ensuring efficient electron transfer to the electrode via a mediator are decisive features of mediated electrochemical biosensors. Notably, mediator-based systems are essential to extract electrons from the non-exoelectrogens, a major group of microbes in Nature. The advantage of using polymeric mediators over diffusible mediators led to the design of osmium redox polymers. Their successful use in enzyme-based biosensors and BFCs (biofuel cells) paved the way for exploring their use in microbial BESs. The present mini-review focuses on osmium-bound redox systems used to date in microbial BESs and their role in shuttling electrons from viable microbial cells to electrodes.

scholarly journals Formulation, Characterization and Biological Activity Screening of Sodium Alginate-Gum Arabic Nanoparticles Loaded with Curcumin

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Hassani ◽  
Syed Mahmood ◽  
Hamid Hammad Enezei ◽  
Siti Aslina Hussain ◽  
Hamad Ali Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Human Liver Cancer ◽  
Human Liver Cancer Cells

The approach of drug delivery systems emphasizes the use of nanoparticles as a vehicle, offering the optional property of delivering drugs as a single dose rather than in multiple doses. The current study aims to improve antioxidant and drug release properties of curcumin loaded gum Arabic-sodium alginate nanoparticles (Cur/ALG-GANPs). The Cur/ALG-GANPs were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique and further subjected to physico-chemical characterization using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of Cur/ALG-GANPs ranged between 10 ± 0.3 nm and 190 ± 0.1 nm and the zeta potential was –15 ± 0.2 mV. The antioxidant study of Cur/ALG-GANPs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at concentrations that ranged between 30 and 500µg/mL. Cytotoxicity was performed using MTT assay to measure their potential in inhibiting the cell growth and the result demonstrated a significant anticancer activity of Cur/ALG-GANPs against human liver cancer cells (HepG2) than in colon cancer (HT29), lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Thus, this study indicates that Cur/ALG-GANPs have promising anticancer properties that might aid in future cancer therapy.

scholarly journals In Vivo Entombment of Bacteria and Fungi during Calcium Oxalate, Brushite and Struvite Urolithiasis

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0006942020
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Saw ◽  
Mayandi Sivaguru ◽  
Elena M. Wilson ◽  
Yiran Dong ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Struvite Stones

Background: Human kidney stones form via repeated events of mineral precipitation, partial dissolution and reprecipitation, which are directly analogous to similar processes in other natural and man-made environments where resident microbiomes strongly influence biomineralization. High-resolution microscopy and high-fidelity metagenomic (microscopy-to-omics) analyses, applicable to all forms of biomineralization, have been applied to assemble definitive evidence of in vivo microbiome entombment during urolithiasis. Methods: Stone fragments were collected from a randomly chosen cohort of 20 patients using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that 18 of these patients were calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, while one patient each formed brushite and struvite stones. This apportionment is consistent with global stone mineralogy distributions. Stone fragments from 7 of these 20 patients (5 CaOx, 1 brushite and 1 struvite) were thin sectioned and analyzed using brightfield (BF), polarization (POL), confocal, superresolution autofluorescence (SRAF) and Raman techniques. DNA from remaining fragments, grouped according to each of the 20 patients, were analyzed with amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V1-V3, V3-V5) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) regions. Results: Bulk entombed DNA was sequenced from stone fragments in 11 of the 18 CaOx patients, as well as the brushite and struvite patients. These analyses confirmed the presence of an entombed low-diversity community of bacteria and fungi, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Aspergillus niger. Bacterial cells ~1  µm in diameter were also optically observed to be entombed and well-preserved in amorphous hydroxyapatite spherules and fans of needle-like crystals of brushite and struvite. Conclusions: These results indicate a microbiome is entombed during in vivo CaOx stone formation. Similar processes are implied for brushite and struvite stones. This evidence lays the groundwork for future in vitro and in vivo experimentation to determine how the microbiome may actively and/or passively influence kidney stone biomineralization.

scholarly journals The research of disinfective properties of kontravir for disinfection of veterinary objects

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
O. Shkromada ◽  
Yu. Dudchenko ◽  
T. Necherya ◽  
I. Abubakari Kavla
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

In this field, complex disinfectants were contrasted using effective concentrations against bacteria and spore-forming microorganisms. A significant problem for the owners is the emergence of resistance of strains of microorganisms in the existing production and the same disinfectants. Investigation of trusted working concentrations of disinfectants that do not have a corrosive effect on metal structures. According to the results of research and production, contrast is an effective disinfectant for reducing E. coli and S aureus at 0,3 – 0,5% concentration at exposure for 30 min. and consumption of 100 - 400 cm3 / m2. Laboratory researches were carried out in laboratories of microbiological faculties of veterinary medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. Disappearance gaps and disinfection on the market in Kyiv. Samples were drawn in the refrigerators from the walls, ceilings and floors. Refrigerated chambers made of stainless steel are made up of rubber and plastic elements. Metals are very vulnerable to corrosion with more concentrated acids and alkali. This was taken into account when choosing a disinfectant and its effective organizations. As a disinfectant used the drug contrast (manufacturer PE "Kronos Agro", Ukraine). The disinfectant was taken at a dose of 100 ml per 1 m2. To produce the culture was prepared basic products containing 1000 mg of the drug in 1 ml of distilled water. The experimental solutions were prepared for study with the main formulations developed. Representatives had extraordinary effects. The  disks were leaked through the disinfectant to obtain a zone of retention of high bacteria and fungi. The reliability of disinfectant destroying the micro-organisms of E. coli and S. aureus test cultures was also known. For the trusted production preparations, the contrast at the trusted enterprises was carried out by the rehabilitation of the premises of the educational laboratory of the Sumy National Agrarian University (premises for animals, dairies, refrigeration chambers). Renovation and test activities were performed at 0,1, 0,25 and 0,5 % of exposed contrast with exposure for 60, 30 and 10 min. the disinfectant was consumed 250 cm3 / m2. Upon completion of the studies, the investigated tests were investigated with distilled water (flow rate - 1000 cm3 / m2). Water that has been washed away test products, presented in specially prepared capabilities. Test results for this after disinfection were also investigated with distilled water, which was found on the disinfectant. To study the corrosion activity of the disinfectant used metal plates 1h1sm2. The metal samples were welded to the fifth mark after the commission before and after the study. 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,5 % contrast solutions were used in the study. For comparison, in the experiments used 2% of productive. M. bovis mycobacterial cultures were grown on Pavlovsky's glycerol medium. The bacterial culture was transferred into sterile vials and sterile isotonic material containing 0,05 cm3 / mg was added. A large amount of delay zone in Petri dishes containing 0,5 % of S. aureus disinfectant, 3,5 times S. cholerase 1,8 S. Enteritidis 2 more than 0,5% formal form . Higher indicators of bacterial properties of the disinfectant contrast at a concentration of 0,5%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Volume Minyak Sumbawa Sebagai Antibakteri dalam Pembuatan Sabun Mandi Cair

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Muhamad Zaenudin ◽  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Hulyadi Hulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Liquid Bath ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Soap is a necessity for daily life, such as for bathing, washing, and cleaning other necessities. Normally various kinds of bacteria and fungi can live permanently on the skin, for example, such as thebacteria Staphyloccocus aureus. Antibacterial soap is used as a solution to this bacterial problem. Sumbawa oil is a natural ingredient that has the potential to be antibacterial in body wash. Sumbawa oil contains geraniol and citronellal, flavonoids, polyphenols and also contains saponins and tannins. The research objective was to find out what volume of Sumbawa oil is used to obtain the quality of liquid bath soap which has antibacterial content and meets SNI standards. This research is an experimental research in a laboratory by varying the volume of Sumbawa oil. The parameters measured in this study were the effect of variations in the volume of Sumbawa oil on antibacterial properties and pH of liquid bath soap. The findings in this study that the best antibacterial properties were found in the addition of 15 ml volume of Sumbawa oil with an average inhibition zone of 19.5-22.3 mm and a pH of 5 ml of Sumbawa oil volume with an average pH of 6.1. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that the addition of Sumbawa oil has an effect on the antibacterial properties and pH of liquid bath soap. 

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: II. CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS ON SOLID MEDIA OF CERTAIN MICRO-ORGANISMS IN ASSOCIATION WITH Ophiobolus graminis SACC.

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Reliable Indication ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Pot Culture

The antagonistic and compatible growth relationships of 66 cultures of bacteria and fungi, most of which were from the soil, towards O. graminis on potato dextrose agar and Molisch's salt peptone agar, were compared with the effect of each on the virulence of this pathogene on wheat seedlings in open soil culture.Of the 21 cultures which controlled the virulence of O. graminis in the soil, only 15 of these were antagonistic on potato dextrose agar, while of the 45 cultures which gave intermediate or no control, 17 were compatible and 28 were decidedly antagonistic. From data secured indirectly, the antagonism or compatibility of the micro-organisms toward O. graminis, observed on potato dextrose agar, did not seem to depend on active alkali or acid more than on other metabolic products. The study apparently demonstrates that the growth reaction of various micro-organisms and O. graminis, associated on the two solid media used, is not a reliable indication that the same micro-organism will or will not suppress the virulence of this pathogene on wheat in soil in open pot culture.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Antibiofilm Activities of Bulbs and Leaves of Two Aglione (Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense Asch. et Graebn.) Landraces Grown in Southern Italy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5486
Author(s):  
Lucia Caputo ◽  
Giuseppe Amato ◽  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Raffaele Coppola ◽  
Vincenzo Candido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Aerial Parts

The present study was carried out to determine some biochemical characteristics, in particular the total polyphenol content and the free radical scavenging activity, of the extracts recovered from bulbs and aerial parts (these last often considered as by-products) of two landraces of A. ampeloprasum var. holmense cultivated in Southern Italy. For the first time, the capacity of the extracts of these landraces to inhibit the formation of biofilm of different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to affect the metabolism of the cells present within the bacterial biofilm was evaluated. All extracts exhibited an amount of total polyphenols not lower than 2.86 mg/g of dried product and revealed a noteworthy antioxidant activity, with EC50 values not exceeding 4.95 mg. In both cases, the aerial parts extracts were more effective than the bulb extracts, which also showed a minor amount of total polyphenols. The extracts inhibited mainly the adhesive capability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, by 95.78% and 85.01%, respectively. The extracts demonstrated to inhibit also the metabolism of the bacterial cells reaching levels up to 90%. Finally, as assessed by the assays performed on the 24-h preformed biofilms, all the extracts were also capable to cause a reduction in bacterial biomass and to affect their metabolism.

scholarly journals A New Front in Microbial Warfare—Delivery of Antifungal Effectors by the Type VI Secretion System

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Trunk ◽  
Sarah J. Coulthurst ◽  
Janet Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Type Vi Secretion ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Polymicrobial Communities

Microbes typically exist in mixed communities and display complex synergistic and antagonistic interactions. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and represents a contractile nano-machine that can fire effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells. The primary role assigned to the T6SS is to function as a potent weapon during inter-bacterial competition, delivering antibacterial effectors into rival bacterial cells. However, it has recently emerged that the T6SS can also be used as a powerful weapon against fungal competitors, and the first fungal-specific T6SS effector proteins, Tfe1 and Tfe2, have been identified. These effectors act via distinct mechanisms against a variety of fungal species to cause cell death. Tfe1 intoxication triggers plasma membrane depolarisation, whilst Tfe2 disrupts nutrient uptake and induces autophagy. Based on the frequent coexistence of bacteria and fungi in microbial communities, we propose that T6SS-dependent antifungal activity is likely to be widespread and elicited by a suite of antifungal effectors. Supporting this hypothesis, homologues of Tfe1 and Tfe2 are found in other bacterial species, and a number of T6SS-elaborating species have been demonstrated to interact with fungi. Thus, we envisage that antifungal T6SS will shape many polymicrobial communities, including the human microbiota and disease-causing infections.

A technique for the study of oxygen availability to micro-organisms in soil and its possible use as an index of soil aeration

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Webley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Resultant Effect ◽  
Aeration Conditions ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Properties Of Soil

1. In Part I of the paper details are presented of a new technique for the study of oxygen availability to bacteria added to soil. In essentials the technique consists of adding a washed suspension of bacterial cells together with excess of suitable oxidizable substrate to air dried, sieved soil contained in Warburg vessels. The rate of oxygen uptake is looked upon as a function of the aeration conditions within the soil. The results can be expressed by means of a conventional figure called the aeration factor (or A.F.).2. In Part II with the use of the technique it has been shown that two physical properties of soil which influence oxygen availability under the experimental conditions of the technique are (a) moisture content of the soil, (b) the amount of break-up of the soil crumbs. Since the A.F. measures the resultant effect produced by these factors it may be regarded as an index of soil aeration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document