scholarly journals Neurofeedback – A Method Which Trains the Brain to Obtain Changes in Behaviour

PRILOZI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Nada Pop-Jordanova ◽  
Jordan Pop-Jordanov
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Electrode Recording ◽  
Psychophysiological Disorders ◽  
The Moment

AbstractEEG can determine changes in brain activity that might be useful in diagnosing different brain disorders as well as some mental states. Many advantages of this record have been the reason for resurrect the EEG in current clinical practice and research. More sophisticated form, the Q-EEG comprises a procedure that processes the recorded EEG activity from a multi-electrode recording using a computer, where data is processed with various algorithms, such as the Fourier or Wavelet analysis. Q-EEG data are important as a marker for many psychophysiological disorders.Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for self-regulation of brain activity. It is a treatment method for altering brain functioning by the use of signals provided to a patient that reflect the moment-to-moment changes in the patient’s electroencephalogram.This article summarizes some of our large experience with neurofeedback training in different groups of disorders in children and adolescents. Positive outcome is promising for more expansive use of this non-pharmacological, cost-benefit methodology in paediatric and general population.

scholarly journals Contemplative Neuroscience as an Approach to Volitional Consciousness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Intentional Causation ◽  
Contemplative Neuroscience

This chapter presents a methodological approach to volitional consciousness for cognitive neuroscience based on studying the voluntary self-generation and self-regulation of mental states in meditation. Called contemplative neuroscience, this approach views attention, awareness, and emotion regulation as flexible and trainable skills, and works with experimental participants who have undergone training in contemplative practices designed to hone these skills. Drawing from research on the dynamical neural correlates of contemplative mental states and theories of large-scale neural coordination dynamics, I argue for the importance of global system causation in brain activity and present an “interventionist” approach to intentional causation.

Skipping Breakfast Affects the Early Steps of Cognitive Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Andrés Antonio González-Garrido ◽  
Jacobo José Brofman-Epelbaum ◽  
Fabiola Reveca Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
Sebastián Agustín Balart-Sánchez ◽  
Julieta Ramos-Loyo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract. It has been generally accepted that skipping breakfast adversely affects cognition, mainly disturbing the attentional processes. However, the effects of short-term fasting upon brain functioning are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on cognitive processing by studying the electrical brain activity of young healthy individuals while performing several working memory tasks. Accordingly, the behavioral results and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy university students (10 males) were obtained and compared through analysis of variances (ANOVAs), during the performance of three n-back working memory (WM) tasks in two morning sessions on both normal (after breakfast) and 12-hour fasting conditions. Significantly fewer correct responses were achieved during fasting, mainly affecting the higher WM load task. In addition, there were prolonged reaction times with increased task difficulty, regardless of breakfast intake. ERP showed a significant voltage decrement for N200 and P300 during fasting, while the amplitude of P200 notably increased. The results suggest skipping breakfast disturbs earlier cognitive processing steps, particularly attention allocation, early decoding in working memory, and stimulus evaluation, and this effect increases with task difficulty.

scholarly journals Personalized Biometrics of Physical Pain Agree with Psychophysics by Participants with Sensory over Responsivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Jihye Ryu ◽  
Tami Bar-Shalita ◽  
Yelena Granovsky ◽  
Irit Weissman-Fogel ◽  
Elizabeth B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Theoretical Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Reported Data

The study of pain requires a balance between subjective methods that rely on self-reports and complementary objective biometrics that ascertain physical signals associated with subjective accounts. There are at present no objective scales that enable the personalized assessment of pain, as most work involving electrophysiology rely on summary statistics from a priori theoretical population assumptions. Along these lines, recent work has provided evidence of differences in pain sensations between participants with Sensory Over Responsivity (SOR) and controls. While these analyses are useful to understand pain across groups, there remains a need to quantify individual differences more precisely in a personalized manner. Here we offer new methods to characterize pain using the moment-by-moment standardized fluctuations in EEG brain activity centrally reflecting the person’s experiencing temperature-based stimulation at the periphery. This type of gross data is often disregarded as noise, yet here we show its utility to characterize the lingering sensation of discomfort raising to the level of pain, individually, for each participant. We show fundamental differences between the SOR group in relation to controls and provide an objective account of pain congruent with the subjective self-reported data. This offers the potential to build a standardized scale useful to profile pain levels in a personalized manner across the general population.

Seconds Last

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
P. G. Streeter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Fiction ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Central Park ◽  
The Moment

What does it mean to be dead? If you were living in a perfect, but false, moment in time, would you choose to leave it? In this work of philosophical short fiction, Linus and Axel are sitting in Central Park on a perfect October day. They have lived in this same day, seemingly, forever. They know they are both dead. Linus died about ten years later than Axel. It occurs to Linus that if they are both seeing his vision of Central Park, it must be his reality. Linus theorizes that, at the moment of death, our brain activity speeds up dramatically, making it seem like our final moment in time lasts forever. However, it’s not real. Linus decides to end this moment in time and move on.

scholarly journals Harmonic Brain Modes: A Unifying Framework for Linking Space and Time in Brain Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selen Atasoy ◽  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
Morten L. Kringelbach ◽  
Joel Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

A fundamental characteristic of spontaneous brain activity is coherent oscillations covering a wide range of frequencies. Interestingly, these temporal oscillations are highly correlated among spatially distributed cortical areas forming structured correlation patterns known as the resting state networks, although the brain is never truly at “rest.” Here, we introduce the concept of harmonic brain modes—fundamental building blocks of complex spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity. We define these elementary harmonic brain modes as harmonic modes of structural connectivity; that is, connectome harmonics, yielding fully synchronous neural activity patterns with different frequency oscillations emerging on and constrained by the particular structure of the brain. Hence, this particular definition implicitly links the hitherto poorly understood dimensions of space and time in brain dynamics and its underlying anatomy. Further we show how harmonic brain modes can explain the relationship between neurophysiological, temporal, and network-level changes in the brain across different mental states ( wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, psychedelic). Notably, when decoded as activation of connectome harmonics, spatial and temporal characteristics of neural activity naturally emerge from the interplay between excitation and inhibition and this critical relation fits the spatial, temporal, and neurophysiological changes associated with different mental states. Thus, the introduced framework of harmonic brain modes not only establishes a relation between the spatial structure of correlation patterns and temporal oscillations (linking space and time in brain dynamics), but also enables a new dimension of tools for understanding fundamental principles underlying brain dynamics in different states of consciousness.

scholarly journals Periodic deworming programme in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e100091110722
Author(s):  
Ariel Oliveira Celestino ◽  
Pablo Amercio Silva Lima ◽  
Larissa Maria Cardoso Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Mendonça França ◽  
Isabel Ribeiro Santana Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

To evaluate the periodic deworming programme (PDP) against soil-transmitted helminth infection and estimate the cost-benefit of this action in a Northeastern Brazilian State. An observational descriptive study was peformed by two branches: an epidemiological analysis of parasitological stool tests positivity in the 7 health micro-regions of Sergipe State, from January to June 2019, and a cost-benefitial analysis through comparison between estimated costs of PDP and conventional diagnose and treatment method from 2014 to 2018. From the 1110 parasitological stool tests evaluated, 317 were positive: 20 (1.8 %) for helminths and 307 (26.7%) for protozoan parasites. Among positive tests, 61 (19.2%) were in PDP age target group (5-14 years). An annual average of 255,283 Albendazole tablets (400mg, single dose) were distributed with an annual average coverage rate of 84.2%. To support the programme, approximately R$ 281,859.25 (US$ 89,775.67) were transferred per year to the state of Sergipe. PDP estimated cost-effectiveness was R$ 1.10 (US$ 0.34) per event prevented and generated a cost-minimization of approximately R$ 335.617,60 (US$124,568.00) when compared to the conventional diagnose and treat method. The positive rates of soil-transmitted helminth infection in parasitological tests in Sergipe were low and the recommendation for PDP seems to be currently inadequate. Most positive tests were for commensal protozoa species. PDP estimated cost is lower than conventional diagnose and treatment method. Protozoa infections prevention policies should be evaluated as they are the major parasitic infection in our community after PDP.

scholarly journals МENTAL STATES AND THE PROBLEM OF SELF-REGULATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
N. Auyelbekova ◽  
◽  
N. Akhtaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Inner Experiences ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Research Analysis

The article touches upon the problem of self-regulation of mental states of the elderly. The features of the emotional state of elderly people are described. Variants of effective self-regulation are proposed, the causes of negative states and ways to overcome them are analyzed. Purpose of the research: analysis of the emotional state of people over 60 and a way to successfully overcome the internal crisis through self-regulation. The article describes the initial results of a study of 20 respondents. The total number is planned in the amount of 80 people, the methods used in the study are listed. The article identifies the fulcrum, thanks to which an elderly person can cope with his inner experiences and find peace and harmony

scholarly journals BSoniq: A 3-D EEG Sound Installation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Mathew ◽  
Mert Cetinkaya ◽  
Agnieszka Roginska
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Sound Installation ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Exciting Possibility

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) methods have received a lot of attention in the past several decades, owing to the exciting possibility of computer-aided communication with the outside world. Most BCIs allow users to control an external entity such as games, prosthetics, musical output etc. or are used for offline medical diagnosis processing. Most BCIs that provide neurofeedback, usually categorize the brainwaves into mental states for the user to interact with. Raw brainwave interaction by the user is not usually a feature that is readily available for a lot of popular BCIs. If there is, the user has to pay for or go through an additional process for raw brain wave data access and interaction. BSoniq is a multi-channel interactive neurofeedback installation which, allows for real-time sonification and visualization of electroencephalogram (EEG) data. This EEG data provides multivariate information about human brain activity. Here, a multivariate event-based sonification is proposed using 3D spatial location to provide cues about these particular events. With BSoniq, users can listen to the various sounds (raw brain waves) emitted from their brain or parts of their brain and perceive their own brainwave activities in a 3D spatialized surrounding giving them a sense that they are inside their own heads.

scholarly journals The development of conscious self-regulation of workers of coal industry enterprises as a condition for ensuring the safety of professional activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Stanislavovna Morozova ◽  
Evgeniia Aleksandrovna Medovikova ◽  
Daria Nikolaevna Grinenko ◽  
Anastasiia Evgenevna Kargina
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

The actual problem of our time at the enterprises of the Kuzbass coal industry is the moment of ensuring the psychological security of the employee's personality. Psychological security is a fairly broad concept that includes many components and is exposed to various factors [2]. The aim of the study is to consider the importance of self-regulation of the individual as a condition for ensuring the safety of the subject of professional activity. The following methods and techniques were used in the study: The method "Style of self-regulation of behavior" by V. I. Morosanova; Test "Meaning-life orientations" by D. A. Leontiev; Questionnaire by H. Zachera and M. Freze "Professional time perspective of the future". The research is based on the development and testing of the technology of psychological and pedagogical influence in the form of reflexive seminars, which allows to increase the level of awareness of self-regulation of subjects of professional activity.

Recognition of true and false states of the brain by means of the electroencephalogram wavelet analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Pertsov ◽  
E.A. Yumatov ◽  
N.A. Karatygin ◽  
E.N. Dudnik ◽  
A.E. Khramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Continuous Wavelet Transform ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Continuous Wavelet ◽  
Wavelet Energy ◽  
True State ◽  
The Brain

It is a well-known fact that mental activity of the brain can be presented by two different states, i.e., the true state and the false state. A promising method of the electroencephalogram (EEG) wavelet transform has been developed over recent years. Using this method, we evaluated the principle possibility for direct objective registration of mental activity in the human brain. Previously we developed and described (published) a new experimental model and software for recognizing the true and false mental responses of a person with the EEG wavelet transform. The developed experimental model and software-and-data support allowed us to compare (by EEG parameters) two mental states of brain activity, one of which is the false state, while another is the true state. The goal of this study is to develop an absolutely new information technology for recognizing the true and false states in mental activity of the brain by means of the EEG wavelet transform. Our study showed that the true and false states of the brain can be distinguished using the method of continuous wavelet transform and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy. It was revealed that the main differences between truthful and false mental responses are observed in the delta and alpha ranges of the EEG. In the EEG delta rhythm, the wavelet energy is much higher under conditions of the false response as compared to that in the true response. In the EEG alpha rhythm, the wavelet energy is significantly higher with the true answer than in the false one. These data open a new principal possibility of revealing the true and false mental state of the brain by means of continuous wavelet transform and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy.

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