scholarly journals Gender-Specific Differences of Oxidative Processes in the Population of Circulating Neutrophils of Rats in a Setting of Prolonged Administration of Monosodium Glutamate

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Inna Krynytska ◽  
Mariya Marushchak ◽  
Anastasiia Rutska
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background and aims: Monosodium salt of glutamic acid (MSG) is one of the most common food additives. The aim of study was to assess, in gender-specific terms, how prolonged administration of MSG effects on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation and the apoptotic/necrotic processes in the population of rats circulating neutrophils. Material and methods: Experimental studies were conducted on 32 mature white rats. MSG was administered intragastrical at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The analysis of cell samples to determine neutrophils with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signs of apoptosis\necrosis was evaluated with flow laser cytometry method. The total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by monitoring the rate of conversion of L-arginine into citrulline. The total quantity of NO metabolites was assessed by evaluating of nitrite and nitrate ions. Results: We found a significant increase in generation of ROS, intensification of nitroxydergic processes, an increase in the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils and no changes in the percentage of necrotic neutrophils. Conclusions: We observed activation of oxidative and nitroxydergic processes in rats with prolonged administration of MSG, which initiate apoptosis. In gender-specific terms, a more pronounced changes were seen in male rats.

scholarly journals GENDER AND AGE ASPECTS OF BIOENERGETICS PROCESSES IN EXPERIMENTAL PASSIVE TOBACCO SMOKING AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ADMINISTRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
A. V. Rutska ◽  
I. Ya. Krynytska
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes

Background. Active smoking and exposure to passive smoke are responsible for more than 5 million deaths each year. At the same time, a characteristic feature of present food technologies is the use of food additives that are not always safe for human health, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG). Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the changes in mitochondrial enzymes activity in rats in case of passive tobacco smoke combined with prolonged administration of MSG in the sex and age aspects. Methods. The evaluation of bioenergetics processes in the mitochondria of circulating neutrophils was carried out using succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity.  Results. Passive tobacco smoke combined with the MSG administration in mature male-rats is accompanied by a significant inhibition of bioenergetics processes, as evidenced by a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity by 47.1% (p<0.001) compared to the intact animals, which is by 27.9% (p<0.001) below this index in case of the isolated effect of tobacco smoke and reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity by 27.5% (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusions. Thus, the findings suggest that low dose intake of monosodium glutamate enhances the ability of tobacco smoke to disrupt the cell's bioenergetics processes by affecting the respiratory chain function and generation of ATP. Therefore, it is advisable to investigate the established toxic doses of E621, as well as to study the molecular mechanisms of the ‘safe’ (allowed) doses of MSG effect on a living organism.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF GINGIVAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE COMPONENTS OF RATS IN THE LATE TERMS OF CHRONIC OPIOID INFLUENCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fik V. B.
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
White Male ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Gingival Mucosa

The aim of this study was to examine the morphometric parameters of the thickness of the epithelial plate of the gingival mucosa, the height of the connective tissue papillae and the diameter of the lumen of hemomicrovascular white rats in the dynamics after eight, ten and twelve weeks of chronic opioid exposure. Experimental studies were performed on white male rats of reproductive age. For twelve weeks, rats were injected intramuscularly with the opioid analgesic nalbuphine at increasing average therapeutic doses of 0.212 to 0.3 mg/kg body weight. Fragments of rat jaws were used for histological and morphometric studies. Based on the analysis of the obtained morphometric parameters of the studied components of the gums, it was found that in the late stages of chronic opioid exposure there was a significant decrease in epithelial thickness and connective tissue papillae and a significant increase in the lumen diameter of hemomicrocirculatory progression of inflammatory-dystrophic changes in periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals ALTERATION OF BRAIN TISSUE, LIVER, AND KIDNEY IN THE POST-CONTACT PERIOD IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO VIBRATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1112
Author(s):  
Eugeny A. Titov ◽  
V. A. Pankov ◽  
A. V. Lizarev ◽  
M. V. Kuleshova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
White Rats

Introduction. Experimental studies in animals have shown ultrastructural changes in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, tissue hypoxia of the kidneys, changes in the activity of oxidative processes and antioxidant enzymes, the formation of bioenergetic hypoxia, cell response in the form of infiltration of both lymphoid and macrophage cells to develop due to exposure to vibration. However, there is almost no data about the status of animals’ organs in the post-contact period. Material and methods. The study was carried out in white male rats weighing 220-240 g, were exposed to 40 Hz vibration for 60 days 5 times a week for 4 hours a day. Histological and morphometric analysis was used to assess the sensorimotor cortex tissue and hepatorenal system. Results. A decrease in the total number of brain neurons, astraglial cells in rats in 30, 60 and 120 days of the post-exposure period was found. There was hyperemia in the portal and Central veins, an increase in the number of Kupffer cells in the liver tissue at the 30th, 60th, 120th day after the exposure. Decrease in the area of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule was recorded in the experimental rats’ kidney tissue 30 days after the end of vibration exposure; though there were no differences in the number of renal bodies in the tissue of white rats of the experimental and control groups at 60th and 120th day after the end of exposure to vibration. Conclusion. Morphological changes in the tissues of white rats exposed to prolonged vibration presented in the form of a decrease in the total number of neurons and astroglia cells in the brain tissue, a pronounced macrophage response in the liver tissue have been preserved in the post-contact period following the exposure to vibration.

scholarly journals GENERAL ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN WHITE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
White Male ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Introduction. The structure of the small intestine in humans and white rats are quite similar. The study of its specific features in white rats is important to supplement and update modern morphological science with data on the course and modelling of certain pathological conditions. Purpose. A detailed study of the anatomical features of the small intestine in white rats is a prerequisite for planning and conducting certain experimental studies. Material and methods. The study was performed on 80 white male rats. The material for the study included removed stomachs with the distal segment of oesophagus, the small and large intestine. Following the removal the organs were fixed with 10% neutral formalin, outer and inner (mucosal) surfaces then were photographed. In other cases, the gastrointestinal tract of animals was filled through the oesophagus with air, physiological saline, and autopolymer plastic (Latacryl-S), and then exposed to acid corrosion, obtaining three-dimensional casts of internal cavities of the stomach, small and large intestine. Results. Having studying the anatomical features of the small intestine of white rats we can distinguish two parts: the initial extra mesenteric part, which can be called the duodenum only by analogy with a similar human section, and its other mesenteric part, in the looped segment of which the border between which the ileal and jejunum division was not found. This segment seems to be designed mainly for the transitive movement of food into the cecum, where their final processing and the formation of faecal masses occur. On the outer surface of the mesenteric small intestine, there are clearly visible groups of lymphoid nodules, known as Peyer's patches.

scholarly journals MODERN CONCEPTS ABOUT IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FOOD ADDITIVES ON THE HUMAN BODY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Н. M. Mustafina ◽  
I. I. Starchenko ◽  
V. М. Koka ◽  
Ye. I. Lukachina ◽  
V. V. Chernyak
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This article highlights the analysis of available data about the impact of food additives on a human body. We specified the meaning of the term "food additives", paid attention to the history of discovering and applying food additives, described the differences between natural and synthetic food additives. According to the literature, most food additives used in modern food industry can be considered quite safe. The safety of food additives is determined on the basis of extensive comparative studies, and the use of food additives is prohibited unless they have been tested and approved by the relevant authorities. But, with the development of analytical methods, the emergence of new experimental data, the question of the possible negative impacts of one or another additive on individual organs and systems of the human body can be reconsidered. In particular, certain food additives that were previously considered harmless, for example E 240, E 121, are now recognized as very dangerous and prohibited for use. It has been proven that food supplements that are harmless to one person can have a negative effect on another. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the use of food additives for children, the elderly and people prone to allergic reactions. The article describes in detail the results of experimental studies about the negative impact of specific additives, in particular ponceau 4R, sodium nitrite and monosodium glutamate on individual internal organs. Attention is focused on the group of food additives such as nitrogen compounds, which due to the biotransformation can result in the nitrite formation. An excess of the latter, in turn, according to some researchers, can provoke the development of malignant tumours in various organs, primarily in the terminal parts of the colon. Thus, the impact of various combinations of food additives on the morpho-functional state of the internal organs requires further detailed research.

scholarly journals Показники вільнорадикального окисненняв щурів за умови “пасивного тютюнокуріння” на тлі тривалого введення глутамату натрію у статевому і віковому аспектах

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Rutska ◽  
I. Ya. Krynytska ◽  
M. I. Marushchak
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Pronounced Increase

Introduction. The widespread prevalence of tobacco smoking is a global problem of humanity, the solution of which is directed at the efforts of many scientists and professionals. At the same time, the distinctive feature of modern food technologies is the use of nutritional supplements. One of the most common nutritional supplements in Ukraine and in Europe is glutamate sodium (E621), which is not always safe for human health.The aim of the study – to investigate indices of free radical oxidation in rats during “passive tobacco smoking” on the basis of prolonged administration of monosodium glutamate in the sex and age aspects.Research Methods. The study was conducted on 160 white, non-linear, sexually mature and sexually immature rats of both sexes. Each group of animals was divided into four subgroups: I – control; ІІ – rats, which were modeled “passive tobacco smoking”; ІІІ – rats, which were given glutamate of sodium; IV – rats, which were modeled "passive tobacco smoking" against the background of the introduction of glutamate sodium.Results and Discussion. Under the condition of «passive tobacco smoking» there is a pronounced increase in the TBА-active products (TBА-AP)content both in serum and in the lung tissue homogenate. In male-rats, this indicator has significantly increased by 3.3 and 4.2 times, respectively, and in female-rats – by 3.9 and 5.2 times, respectively. Given the prolonged administration of sodium glutamate in male-rats, this indicator significantly increased by 1.6 and 2.1 times, and in females-rats by 19.6 % and 53.9% respectively. In animals, which were modeled «passive tobacco smoking» and administered glutamate sodium, the most pronounced increase in the content of TBА-AP was established. In male-rats, this indicator has increased significantly in 4.9 and 6.8 times, and in female-rats – by 6.5 and 8.9 times, respectively.Conclusions. Under the condition of «passive tobacco smoking» intensification of peroxide oxidation of lipids (increase in the content of TBА-active products) in blood and lung tissue is observed, more pronounced under the condition of “passive tobacco smoking” against the background of the introduction of glutamate sodium. In the sexual comparison of changes in the system of lipid peroxidation, their reliable prevalence in female-rats was revealed. With the age-old comparison of changes in the system of lipid peroxidation, their reliable prevalence in immature animals has been established.

scholarly journals Exposure to food additive mixtures in 106,000 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloi Chazelas ◽  
Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo ◽  
Younes Esseddik ◽  
Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi ◽  
Cédric Agaesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Chi Square

AbstractFood additives (e.g. artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, dyes, etc.) are ingested by billions of individuals daily. Some concerning results, mainly derived from animal and/or cell-based experimental studies, have recently emerged suggesting potential detrimental effects of several widely consumed additives. Profiles of additive exposure as well as the potential long-term impact of multiple exposure on human health are poorly documented. This work aimed to estimate the usual intake of food additives among participants of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort and to identify and describe profiles of exposure (single substances and mixtures). Overall, 106,489 adults from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study (2009-ongoing) were included. Consumption of 90 main food additives was evaluated using repeated 24 h dietary records including information on brands of commercial products. Qualitative information (as presence/absence) of each additive in food products was determined using 3 large-scale composition databases (OQALI, Open Food Facts, GNPD), accounting for the date of consumption of the product. Quantitative ingested doses were estimated using a combination of laboratory assays on food matrixes (n = 2677) and data from EFSA and JECFA. Exposure was estimated in mg per kg of body weight per day. Profiles of exposure to food additive mixtures were extracted using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) followed by k-means clustering as well as Graphical Lasso. Sociodemographic and dietary comparison of clusters of participants was performed by Chi-square tests or linear regressions. Data were weighted according to the national census. Forty-eight additives were consumed by more than 10% of the participants, with modified starches and citric acid consumed by more than 90%. The top 50 also included several food additives for which potential adverse health effects have been suggested by recent experimental studies: lecithins (86.6% consumers), mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (78.1%), carrageenan (77.5%), sodium nitrite (73.9%), di-, tri- and polyphosphates (70.1%), potassium sorbate (65.8%), potassium metabisulphite (44.8%), acesulfame K (34.0%), cochineal (33.9%), potassium nitrate (31.6%), sulfite ammonia caramel (28.8%), bixin (19.5%), monosodium glutamate (15.1%) and sucralose (13.5%). We identified and described five clusters of participants more specifically exposed to five distinct additive mixtures and one additional cluster gathering participants with overall low additive exposure. Food additives, including several for which health concerns are currently debated, were widely consumed in this population-based study. Furthermore, main mixtures of additives were identified. Their health impact and potential cocktail effects should be explored in future epidemiological and experimental studies.

Histomorphometric study on effects of monosodium glutamate in liver tissue of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Reddy ◽  
Joy A. K. Ghoshal ◽  
Sankaran PK ◽  
Ganesh N. Trivedi ◽  
Kondam Ambareesha
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objectives Thousands of food additives are being used by the food industries in ready to eat packed food. These food additives act as either preservatives or enhancers of palatability. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of glutamic acid is a widely used food additive for enhancing taste. It gives the unique taste to the food called “Umami” or “Savory taste”, which is different from four primary tastes namely, sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The current experimental study was investigated by dose-related effects of MSG on adult Wistar rats using histological and histomorphometric techniques. Methods Twenty-eight adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups i.e.; one control and three experimental groups. Rats were administered orally with different doses of MSG to the experimental groups and distilled water to the control groups consecutively for 45 days. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected for the examination. Results Histomorphometric data of the nuclei diameter of hepatocytes showed significant variation between control and experimental groups. Less PAS-positive material found in a higher dose of MSG-induced rats in histochemical observation. Conclusions One of the challenges of the problem of animal experimental studies is the application of results to human dietary intake of MSG. Based on the dose-dependent findings of the current study; it is evident that the administration of MSG is hepatotoxic in adult Wistar rats.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG):promoter of neurotoxicity, testicular impairment, inflammation and apoptosis in male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Heba M. Abdou ◽  
Eman H. Hassan ◽  
Rania Gaber Aly
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Testicular Impairment

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most common food additives extensively used as a flavor enhancer. MSG induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the neurotoxicity, testicular impairment, inflammation and apoptosis induced by MSG. Thirty adult male Wistar rats, weighing about 180-200 g were assigned equally into five groups, each consists of six rats. Animals of Group I are controls and they received distilled water, whereas animals of Groups II, III, IV and V were given oral daily doses of MSG 0.8, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg body weight, respectively for consecutive 70 days. Administration of different doses of MSG revealed a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), β amyloid 1-42, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), cholesterol and sperm abnormality while it showed reduction in the level of GSH and SOD, CAT and GST antioxidant enzymes activities, sperm count and sperm motility. MSG led to disruption in neurotransmitter levels; serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate and GABA, also disorders in sexual hormones; testosterone, FSH and LH. The present results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical observations that obviously designate the neurodegeneration and reproductive toxicity. In conclusion, administration of low and high doses of MSG provoke deleterious effects on oxidant/ antioxidant markers, neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, sexual hormones, brain and testes structures. Prominence hazards of lasting exposure to low and high doses of MSG on neuronal and testicular health. Therefore, its use should be restricted.

scholarly journals FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN HEART TISSUE IN HYPOTHYROID AND HYPERTHYROID RATS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS MELATONIN AND BLINDING CONDITIONS (ENUCLEATION)

10.23856/4626 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Svitlana Anokchina ◽  
Olena Yasinska
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
White Rats

The aim of our scientific work was to study the effect of exogenous melatonin on the indicators of fibrinolytic processes in the heart tissues and to analyze the changes in fibrinolytic activity occurring in the heart tissues of enucleated hyper- and hypothyroid white rats. The experiments were carried out on white nonlinear male rats weighing 0.12-0.14 kg. 4 experimental groups of animals were formed. The control group consisted of 11 normothyroid rats, which were injected with a melatonin solution in appropriate volumes. The animals were euthanized under light ether anesthesia. Samples of the examined heart tissue were ground in a glass homogenizer with borate buffer (pH 9.0). The homogenate was used in biochemical analysis. Determination of the total, enzymatic and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity (TFA, EFA, NFA, respectively) in the heart tissues was carried out by the method of azofibrin lysis (LLC "Simko", Ukraine). Statistical processing of the results was carried out by the method of variation statistics using the Student's test. Experimental studies on nonlinear male white rats have shown that the introduction of exogenous melatonin, as well as modeling the conditions of endogenous melatonin overproduction by blinding (enucleation) cause an increase in the intensity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic fibrinolysis in heart tissue in normotyroid animals. At other hand, enucleation causes an increase in the intensity of fibrinolysis in the tissues of the heart in hypothyroid rats, but not in hyperthyroid.

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