In vitro growth of some species of Ascochyta Lib.

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kosiada
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Oatmeal Agar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractFungi from the genus Ascochyta are generally facultative saprotrophs, which cause diseases in both monocots and dicots. Over 1 000 species belonging to this genus have been identified, 18 of which infect monocot plants from the family Poaceae. This study analyses the effects of temperature and light on the growth of selected fungi which infect monocots (A. agrostidis, A. avenae, A. brachypodii, A. desmazieri, A. digraphidis, A. ducis-aprutii, A. festucae, A. graminea, A. hordei, A. hordei var. americana, A. hordei var. europea, A. hordei var. hordei, A. melicae, A. phleina, A. skagwayensis, A. sorghi, A. stipae, A. zeicola), grown on three types of media; Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Coon’s agar (CN) and oatmeal agar (OMA). The fastest growth among the analyzed fungi at low temperatures was found in Ascochyta melicae, while at high temperatures it was A. zeicola. The fastest in vitro growth (average of all fungi) was observed on CN medium at 20°C (3.4 mm/day), while the lowest on OM medium at 5°C (1.0 mm/day). Radial mycelial growth in dark and the light conditions varied. On average, all isolates grew faster in the dark (3.1 mm/day) than in the light (1.9 mm/day). The greatest effect on the production of pycnidia was found for the isolates. Variation in growth and production of pycnidia depended on temperature, medium and lighting for fungi from the genus Ascochyta infecting monocots. Such variation indicates a potential occurrence of these fungi in different environments.

Effect of High Temperature Treatments on Growth of Penicillium spp. and their Development on ‘Valencia’ Oranges

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nunes ◽  
J. Usall ◽  
T. Manso ◽  
R. Torres ◽  
M. Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The effect of time (up to 24h) and temperature (40 to 55°C) has been evaluated on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on potato dextrose agar plates or on ‘Valencia’ oranges ( Citrus sinensis), previously inoculated with those pathogens. The effect of treatment on the fruit quality parameters has also been evaluated. In vitro, at 40 and 45°C, an exposure of 24h was required to inhibit subsequent mycelial growth of both pathogens during incubation for 1 week at 25°C. However, at 50 and 55°C, only 18 or 9h (6h for P. digitatum), respectively, were needed to achieve the same effect on both pathogens. Inoculated fruit was exposed for 18h at 40°C then stored for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C, and the experiment was repeated at three locations and over two fruit seasons. This curing regime controlled both pathogens effectively. Concerning quality changes, after cold storage (5°C), treated fruits showed a significant reduction in acid content and a slight delay on skin yellowing, on softening, and on weight losses, compared to the control fruits. These results suggest that the curing treatment could be a non-chemical alternative to the postharvest fungicides now used to control citrus green and blue moulds.

Effects of temperature and host cell type on the in vitro growth and development of Sarcocystis falcatula

2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany M. Elsheikha ◽  
Mahdi A. Saeed ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Alice J. Murphy ◽  
Linda S. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Sarcocystis Falcatula

scholarly journals Effect of Agrochemicals Used in the Cultivation of Soybean and Irrigated Rice on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Gonçalves ◽  
Cândida R. J. de Farias ◽  
Victoria Moreira-Nunêz ◽  
Renata Moccellin ◽  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the agrochemicals used in the cultivation of soybean and irrigated rice on entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae by means of the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The isolates were inoculated in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium containing the pesticides and exposed to spraying with the products. It was observed that chlorantraniliprole produced the best results regarding and was compatible with the two methods of contact of the product with the fungi. Flubendiamide it’s very toxic to fungi, producing 100% inhibition when incorporated into the medium, when by spraying, the fungus M. anisopliae got mycelial growth. Etofenprox and thiamethoxam changed their toxity classification according to the method of contact with product, was moderately compatible to B. bassiana and compatible to M. anisopliae and spinosad showed more compatibility with M. anisopliae than B. bassiana and was classified as compatible. Among fungicides the tricyclazole was the only compatible with the fungus by the spray method. The results showed that in vitro agrochemicals such as tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and etofenprox are harmful to fungi. It was found that environmental interference could minimize the effects on organisms, especially when the chemicals are applied by spraying.

Effect of calcium on the growth and virulence of Phytophthora clandestina

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Simpfendorfer ◽  
T. J. Harden
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
The Individual

Calcium was found to significantly stimulate both the mycelial growth and virulence of Phytophthora clandestina, the major soilborne fungal pathogen of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). On average, the addition of calcium as either CaCO3 or CaCl2 to 3 artificial media increased the in vitro growth of 15 isolates from 20 to 135%. Calcium was also shown to increase the severity of root disease caused by 6 isolates of P. clandestina by up to 100% in a glasshouse experiment. The addition of Ca2+ as CaCl2 had a greater stimulatory effect on the virulence of P. clandestina towards cv. Woogenellup seedlings (up to 57% reduction in seedling biomass) than supplementing with CaCO3 (maximum 36% decrease). The virulence of 6 isolates from 3 different pathogenic races of P. clandestina were examined in the glasshouse experiment. Differences in the virulence of P. clandestina towards cv. Woogenellup seedlings was shown to be dependent on the individual isolate rather than the pathogenic race to which it is assigned.

Alternative and sustainable control of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that causes white mold in soybeans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Lemos da Silva ◽  
Kimberlly Soares Brito Bratifich ◽  
eloisa Teresa Corradini Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Negative Effect

The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes the White Mold of soybean, being responsible for losses of up to 100% in agricultural production. The objective of this work was to verify and analyze the effect of the raw aqueous extract (EBA) of ginger Zingiber officinalis on a strain of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum isolated from soybean, cultivated and maintained in vitro in laboratory. The methodology consisted of a longitudinal study of the statistical analysis of the mycelial growth velocity index (MICV), after treatment of the mycelia with different concentrations of aqueous crude extract. The results showed a direct relationship between increasing concentration of EBA and a significant negative effect on the growth of scleroderia. It was possible to conclude that the antifungal activity of ginger EBA was able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with potential protection of soybean crops; it can become a sustainable alternative in the control of this fungus, by decreasing the use of agrochemicals that cause damage to public health and environmental damage.

scholarly journals In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides to carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole and prochloraz

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ivic ◽  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Biljana Kuzmanovska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

Growth of 13 F. graminearum isolates, 6 F. avenaceum isolates and 6 F. verticillioides isolates was analysed on potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg l-1 of carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, and prochloraz. Average concentration which reduced mycelial growth by 50% comparing it to control (EC50) was calculated for each isolate. Among fungicides tested, prochloraz was shown to be the most effective in growth inhibition of all three species, while flutirafol was proven to be the least effective. Metocnazole was more efficient in comparison with carbendazim and tebuconazole. EC50 values of all isolates on prochloraz were lower than 0.1 mg l-1, while on flutirafol they ranged between 1.66 and 8.51 mg l-1 for 18 isolates, or were higher than 10 mg l-1 for 7 isolates. EC50 values on carbendazim were 0.39-1.41 mg l-1 for F. graminearum isolates, 0.91-1.35 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum, and 0.47-0.6 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides. EC50 values on tebuconazole were 0.85- 2.57 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, 0.85-1.58 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum and 0.22-0.85 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides, while on metconazole EC50 values ranged between less than 0.1 mg l-1 to 1.66, 0.56, and 0.17 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides, respectively. Average growth inhibitions of different Fusarium species and all Fusarium isolates together on different concentrations of fungicides tested were significantly different. Significant differences in growth were not determined among isolates of the same species on neither one of fungicides tested, indicating that no decreased sensitivity to the fungicides exists among isolates included in the study.

scholarly journals Screening of Effective Media for the Growth of Pyricularia grisea under In-vitro Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ajay Singh Kaurav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Effective Media

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucoma (L.) R. Br.], belongs to family Poaceae (section Paniceae), is the world’s hardiest warm-season cereal crop with the annual rainfall of 150 mm to 1000 mm.Maximum mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose carrot agar medium (86.33 mm) followed by Pearl millet Potato dextrose agar (83.67 mm), potato dextrose agar (78.33 mm), Pearl millet carrot dextrose agar (71.67 mm), Pearl millet potato agar (68.33 mm), Carrot dextrose agar (60.67 mm), Pearl millet grain potato dextrose agar (58.33 mm), Oat meal agar (51.67 mm), Pearl millet dextrose agar (51.67 mm), Calcium carbonate agar (42.67 mm), Malt agar (41.00 mm), Water agar (37.33 mm), Pearl millet grain dextrose agar (35.33 mm), Pearl millet agar (30.00) and Yeast extract agar (28.33 mm) while minimum growth was recorded in Pearl millet grain agar (27.33 mm).

scholarly journals Rice Blast in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Rice blast, which had not been observed during the last six decades in Puerto Rico, reappeared recently in Manatí and in the Gurabo Substation, affecting Brazos, a cultivar introduced from Texas. Pathogenicity tests, as well as studies on the conidial morphology, showed that the fungus isolated from typical blast lesions is Pyricularia oryzae Cav. The physiology of the fungus and its sporulation on various media also were studied. The optimum temperature range, both for mycelial growth and for germination of conidia, was found to be between 24 to 28° C. Sporulation occurred satisfactorily on potato-dextrose agar enriched with coconut milk, and on steamed corn and barley, and rice-straw-decoction agars. In vitro tests with fungicides benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, mancozeb, chloroneb, and captan indicated that the first two compounds are the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of P. oryzae.

scholarly journals ​In-vitro Effect of Different Abiotic Stresses on the Growth and Sporulation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing Anthracnose of Mango

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kannan ◽  
V. Dhivya
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Oatmeal Agar ◽  
Vitro Effect

Background: Mango productivity was very much affected due to a major fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose mango rot. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of abiotic factors for the support of superficial growth of isolated fungus and finding a minimum inhibitory concentration of different fungicides. Methods: Among four different culture media tested, the highest radial growth and sporulation of the fungus were recorded in Oatmeal agar (OMA) (84 mm) followed by Conn’s agar (CA), Czapek Dox agar (CDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). Among the different pH tested, pH 7.0 was found to be the best in supporting the good radial growth (69 mm) followed by pH 6.0 (56 mm), pH 5.5 (49 mm), pH 7.5 (43 mm) and pH 8.0 (37 mm). Among the various temperature tested, 25oC (69.32) was found to be the best followed by 20oC (52.53 mm), 30oC (65.23 mm) and 35oC. Result: Among the fungicides tested, Zineb 68% + Hexaconazole 4% WP (avtar) was found best as the radial growth was observed to be 45, 41, 36, 32, 25 mm at 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm, respectively as compared to 80 mm in control. The fungicide Tricyclazole 18% + Mancozeb 62% WP (Merger) was found to be the least effective in checking the radial growth of C. gloeosporioides even at 100 ppm concentration.

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