Fuels obtained by thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Božena Mlynková ◽  
Martin Bajus ◽  
Elena Hájeková ◽  
Gabriel Kostrab ◽  
Dušan Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Diesel Fractions ◽  
Cracking Products

AbstractUtilization of oils/waxes obtained from thermal cracking of individual LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), or cracking of mixed polymers PP/LDPE (1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/PP (1: 1: 1 mass ratio), HDPE/LDPE/LLDPE/PP (1: 1: 1: 1 mass ratio) for the production of automotive gasolines and diesel fuels is overviewed. Thermal cracking was carried out in a batch reactor at 450°C in the presence of nitrogen. The principal process products, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon fractions, are similar to the refinery cracking products. Liquid cracking products are unstable due to the olefins content and their chemical composition and their properties strongly depend on the feed composition. Naphtha and diesel fractions were hydrogenated over a Pd/C catalyst. Bromine numbers of hydrogenated fractions decreased to values from 0.02 g to 6.9 g of Br2 per 100 g of the sample. Research octane numbers (RON) before the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions were in the range from 80.5 to 93.4. After the hydrogenation of naphtha fractions, RON decreased to values from 61.0 to 93.6. Diesel indexes (DI) for diesel fractions were in the range from 73.7 to 75.6. After the hydrogenation of diesel fractions, DI increased up to 104.9.

Production of Renewable Petrochemicals from Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Beech Wood and Low-Density Polyethylene with Mesoporous Bifunctional ZSM-5 Zeolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Zhou ◽  
Wei Kun Yao ◽  
Yu Jue Wang ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Yan Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Property ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons

This study investigated catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of beech wood, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and their mixture (mass ratio of 1) with a conventional microporous ZSM-5 and mesoporous bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5meso zeolite prepared by desilication of the conventional ZSM-5 with NaOH solution and then impregnation with Zn.The generation of mesopores by desilication improved the diffusion property of the zeolite, which decreased the formation of undesired polyaromatic hydrocarbons from secondary polymerization reactions of monoaromatics in CFP. In addition, the impregnation of Zn increased the dehydrogenation activity of the zeolites, and thus enhanced the conversion of low-value alkanes to valuable olefins. As a result, Zn/ZSM-5meso produced higher yields (56.0 C%) of valuable petrochemicals (monoaromatic hydrocarbons and olefins) and lower yields of undesired polyaromatics (1.70 C%) and alkanes (10.2 C%) in co-feed CFP of the beech wood and LDPE mixture than ZSM-5 (48.2 C%, 4.18 C%, and 18.7 C% for petrochemicals, polyaromatics, and alkanes, respectively).ZSM-5 desilication and impregnation with Zn thus have a beneficial effect on improve the product distribution in CFP of biomass and plastic mixtures. In addition, the results suggest that CFP may provide a promising technology for producing renewable petrochemicals from municipal and agricultural solid wastes, which usually contain high contents of biomass and waste plastics.

scholarly journals Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics Into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliana Rodriguez Lamar ◽  
José Noboa ◽  
Andrés S. Torres Miranda ◽  
Daniela Almeida Streitwieser
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
First Order ◽  
A Value ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The inappropriate disposal of plastic waste cause serious environmental problems. Nowadays, alternative processes are being studied for the sustainable reutilization of plastics. One of these options is the cracking into shorter liquid hydrocarbon fractions, while maintaining its basic chemical structure. The energetic potential from the original plastics structure remains and the fractions can be used as fuels and chemical precursors. This research addresses the kinetic study of thermal cracking of polypropylene (PP) and high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) in a batch reactor. The kinetics of the reaction can be described as a first-order rate with the lowest activation energy using PP, followed by HDPE and LDPE with values of 367.28 kJ/mol, 453.37 kJ/mol and 457.96 kJ/mol, respectively. The yield obtained for the liquid fraction is highest for LDPE, with a value of 72% at 390°C, followed by HDPE and LDPE with 69% and 62% at 375°C. The liquid fractions obtained from the process were characterized according to ASTM standards, obtaining that LDPE and HDPE fractions have similar properties to diesel, while PP is closer to gasoline. The fractions were also analyzed by means of gas chromatography identifying the main products of the reaction and establishing a possible reaction mechanism.

scholarly journals Effect of filler carbonization on agro-waste based ceiling board

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781402199440
Author(s):  
Obiora Nnaemeka Ezenwa ◽  
Echezona Nnaemeka Obika ◽  
Onyemazuwa Andrew Azaka ◽  
Emmanuel Chinagorom Nwadike
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Thickness Swell ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

This work presents the use as a filler of carbonized breadfruit seed coat and recycled low density polyethylene as the binder in ceiling board manufacturing. The depulped bread fruit seed was carbonized for 2 h at a temperature of 500°C. The experimental design was set up using the Design Expert software. A total of 30 experimental tests were developed for four parameters and three responses. The parameters are carbonized bread fruit seed coat/recycled Low Density Polyethylene mass ratio (filler-binder mass ratio), compaction time, compaction temperature and compaction pressure while the responses are thermal conductivity, thickness swell and water absorption. The models developed have been validated using the Study of Variance (ANOVA). Using the 3D surface map, the influence of the parameters on the responses was studied. The optimization method of the Design Expert program was used to evaluate the optimal level of the parameters that will produce the best possible result from their combination. The result gave optimal values of 16.206% filler/rLDPE, 9.406minutes compaction time, 200°C compaction temperature and 11 MPa compaction pressure, which gave 0.246% Water Absorption, 1.998% Thickness Swell and 2.898 W/M.K Thermal Conductivity.

Catalytic Cracking of LLDPE over MCM-48

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1757-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Ki Jeon ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Jin Heong Yim ◽  
Ji Man Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Catalytic Stability

Applicability of Al-MCM-48 as a catalyst for the linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) degradation was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer as well as a batch reactor. The degradation products were analyzed by GC/MS, GC-TCD and GC-FID. The activation energy of LLDPE degradation was lowered by the addition of Al-MCM-48. The oil and gas yields were higher over Al-MCM-48 than those over Si-MCM-48. Al-MCM-48 generated mainly C7-C10 hydrocarbons, while Si-MCM-48 exhibited the relatively broader distribution of the oil products (C8-C14). Al-MCM-48 showed high catalytic stability for the LLDPE degradation.

scholarly journals Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low Density Polyethylene Using Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Encapsulated Monovacant Keggin UnitsC19H42N4H3(PW11O39)and ZSM-5

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeeha Batool ◽  
Asma Tufail Shah ◽  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Baoshan Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium

The effect of the catalysts on the pyrolysis of commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied in a batch reactor. The thermal catalytic cracking of the LDPE has been done using cetyltrimethyl ammonium encapsulated monovacant keggin units (C19H42N)4H3(PW11O39), labeled as CTA-POM and compared with the ZSM-5 catalyst. GC-MS results showed that catalytic cracking of LDPE beads generated oilier fraction over CTA-POM as compared to ZSM-5. Thus, the use of CTA-POM is more significant because it yields more useful fraction. It was also found that the temperature required for the thermal degradation of LDPE was lower when CTA-POM was used as a catalyst while high temperature was required for degradation over ZSM-5 catalyst. Better activity of CTA-POM was due to hydrophobic nature of CTA moiety which helps in catalyst mobility and increases its interaction with hydrocarbons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document